What are the characteristics of contemporary medical concepts?

Introduction: Characteristics, Trends and Challenges of the Development of Contemporary Medicine Section 1 Characteristics and Trends of the Development of Contemporary Medicine 1. Differentiation, Interdisciplinarity and Synthesis of Medical Disciplines (1) In-depth and Differentiation of Medical Research (2) Interdisciplinary Intersection and Synthesis (3) Holistic and Comprehensive Research on Medicine (1) In-depth and Differentiation of Medical Research Differentiation of Disciplines - refers to the original relatively independent discipline, which has become two or more new sub-disciplines with the deepening of research. Modern Biomedicine.

Cellular activity, genes, development, and brain function are being explored at the molecular level, leading to a variety of fundamental disciplines.

Rapid development to the molecular level. (2) Interdisciplinary and comprehensive interdisciplinary disciplines Natural science disciplines and medical disciplines intersect and integrate with each other Social science disciplines and medical disciplines interpenetrate and synthesize The interpenetration and synthesis between various medical sub-disciplines Interdisciplinary and comprehensive research between traditional medicine and modern medicine (3) Holistic and comprehensive research on medicine In recent decades, the nervous, endocrine and immune systems.

Important progress has been made in the study of interrelationships, and the concept of neuroendocrine immune network is an important manifestation of the trend of comprehensive research in contemporary medicine. In contemporary biomedicine, the brain and nervous system are approached from the molecular, cellular and holistic levels.

Neurobiology, which conducts multi-layered and integrated research, is becoming one of the new centuries.

In China, modern medicine is characterized by maximizing benefits, and it is really helping you to look forward to it.

All past literature on medical ethics generally contains two contents: virtue theory and deontology. Virtue theory discusses the virtues and qualities that a moral health care worker should possess. Many literatures believe that doctors should have virtues such as benevolence, compassion, patience, carefulness, modesty, prudence, selflessness, fearlessness, honesty, and decency.

Deontology discusses what health care workers should and should not do. Modern medical ethics has two new aspects: First, due to the development of medical and health services, medicine has developed from a one-to-one personal relationship between doctors and patients to a social undertaking with the doctor-patient relationship as the core.

As a social undertaking, it is necessary to consider the distribution of benefits and burdens and the equitable distribution of such resources, especially those related to health policy, institutions and development strategies, such as the equitable distribution of health resources and the maximum possible use of these resources to provide the best medical services for the greatest number of people. This constitutes a new content of medical ethics, that is, the theory of public welfare. Second, the moral obligations, or moral values and beliefs of doctors, as stated in previous medical ethics, are absolute, a "supreme command", because their authority is believed to come from sacred religious scriptures, or from immortal medical saints.

Thus, these norms or values, whether embodied in the codification or in the case of a case, are unconditionally applicable in all cases. However, due to the wide application and rapid development of biomedical technology, the soaring medical costs, and the diversification of values, modern medical ethics is more involved in the intersection or conflict between patients, medical personnel and social values, as well as the ethical problems caused by them. For example, in ancient Chinese and Western medical traditions, abortion was not allowed.

The characteristics of the development of modern medicine are as follows:

1. The primary feature of modern medicine is that it is more sub-categorized and its scope is constantly expanding. For example, all the knowledge and techniques of physics, chemistry and biology that help diagnose, ** and prevent disease will become the content of medicine. However, as the core of medicine, modern medicine is still composed of three parts, namely clinical medicine, group medicine and basic medicine.

2. Another characteristic of modern medicine is that it attaches equal importance to analysis and synthesis. Ancient medicine also advertised holism, but the conditions at that time did not allow a glimpse of the mysteries of the human body, and inferences could only be speculative. Modern medical holism is based on analysis and resynthesis, so that scientific conclusions can be made to guide medical practice.

3. Another characteristic of modern medicine is that the spatiotemporal scale of research is getting larger and larger. While group medicine itself has a broad vision, modern medicine is not only broader in scope but also more in-depth in its work, and multidisciplinary and comprehensive research can understand the complex connections between all things in the macro environment. The public nuisance caused by large-scale industrial pollution has drawn attention to ecology and environmental science, and the need to consider problems from a global perspective.

4. From the development of modern medicine, it can be seen that life science will become the leading discipline in contemporary science; Molecular biology will continue to play a leading role in the development of medicine, and combine with biotechnology and biomedical engineering to drive the development of various fields of medicine, accelerate the renewal of prevention, diagnosis, and so on, so that the entire medical landscape will be fundamentally changed.

The modern medical system is summarized in long-term medical practice, mainly including overview of medicine, medical ethics, social medicine, epidemiology, emergency medicine, forensic medicine, biomedical engineering, ultrasound medicine, nautical medicine, aerospace medicine, diving medicine, psychiatry, psychological medicine, sports medicine, etc.

The social practice of modern medicine in the prevention and treatment of diseases and the protection of health has a history of thousands of years in ancient civilizations. People have accumulated rich experience in long-term medical practice, and the systematic summary of these experiences forms medicine. The development of medicine is divided into ancient medicine and continues to this day is called traditional medicine, the public refers to Western medicine in fact, refers to modern medicine, so Western medicine is different from Western ancient medicine or European traditional medicine, or based on physics, chemistry, biology and other development of the system, generally called the bio-medical model, in the 20th century Europe and the United States developed social-psychological-biomedical or called the integrated medical model, the rise of systems biology in the post-genomic era, Systems biomedicine, or system medicine, has developed rapidly around the world, and will become Chinese and Western medicine after traditional medicine and Western medicine.

In modern medicine, acute seasonal diseases are often associated with abnormal changes in the weather, while chronic chronic systemic diseases are mostly explained by the excess, insufficiency, or imbalance between some imaginary components in the human body. **The methodology is a mix of empirically proven measures and a mix of conjecture elements. In the history of human civilization, these two stages have lasted for thousands of years, and modern medicine has only been gradually established in the last few hundred years.

In the early days of civilization, many medical activities were carried out by clergy, and the explanations and ** of diseases were often tinged with religious superstition. Later, medical personnel specializing in medical care gradually diverged. As civilization progressed, philosophical ideas gradually replaced theological explanations, and illness was no longer seen as a harm to ghosts or a punishment to the gods.

Medical scope. Modern medicine includes many scientific disciplines, and what they all have in common is to serve human health care. The scope of medicine is constantly expanding, and all the knowledge and techniques of physics, chemistry and biology that help diagnose, ** and prevent diseases will become the content of medicine. However, as the core of medicine, it is still clinical medicine and group medicine that target individuals and groups, respectively.

Another component of medicine is basic medicine, which includes some disciplines that study the structure, function, heredity, and development of the human body, as well as some disciplines that study pathogens, immune and pathological processes, and drug effects. Basic medicine is also an integral part of general life science, and it is the rapid development of basic medicine in recent years that has driven the whole medicine to make great strides forward.

Many people don't understand the difference between "Chinese medicine and Western medicine" and its value in human history.

Traditional Chinese medicine and ancient medicine from other countries and regions are called "traditional medicine" in the world, and traditional medicine is not only available in China, but also abroad. And now the Chinese call "Western medicine", called "modern medicine" abroad, to distinguish from the ancient traditional medicine, after the birth of Western medicine, immediately replaced those traditional medicine in foreign countries, become the mainstream (in fact, China's current situation is the same), the biggest difference between traditional medicine and modern medicine is: traditional medicine is empirical medicine, modern medicine is empirical medicine, traditional medicine is known and does not know why, such as Li Shizhen tasted a hundred herbs, someone had a high fever, Li Shizhen would prescribe a certain prescription for him, But when another person has the same high fever, the same prescription may not work.

Because, the cause of the symptoms of high fever is not known in traditional medicine, and now medicine knows that high fever is caused by viruses, and different viruses require different antibiotic drugs. In other words, Chinese medicine is "knowing what it is, not knowing why it is", and when you see a doctor, you basically judge it according to the "general symptoms", which is very vague and coarse, and very inaccurate.

Let's talk about the value of traditional medicine and modern medicine to human beings:

In the thousands of years before modern medicine, the average life expectancy of human beings in both the West and the East was basically 30-40 years old, and the reason for the short life expectancy of lead is very simple, that is, it cannot overcome the virus and large-scale transmission.

In recorded history, whether in China or the West, a plague will lead to a large number of deaths and reductions in the population, and what the Chinese call "plague" is the spread of the virus. It was not until the birth of modern medicine hundreds of years ago that the average life expectancy of human beings increased rapidly to about 70 years with the advent of antibiotic drugs against different viruses and the beginning of prescribing the right medicine.

1.The dementist model of medicine originated in primitive societies, where the level of productivity was extremely low, and people believed that "all things are animist" and that diseases were the result of the punishment of the gods or the work of demons. The means of people's ** illness are either to pray for the blessing or forgiveness of the gods, or to take the way of exorcism or evil to avoid diseases.

Traces of this pattern can be found today in some remote areas or in certain cultures.

2.The medical model of natural philosophy emerged around 3000 B.C., and with the development of the productive forces, people began to recognize the material basis of the human body and the objective nature of disease. It is represented by the idea of "the unity of heaven and man" put forward by ancient Chinese medicine and the "theory of body fluids" put forward by Hippocrates and others in ancient Greece.

The philosophical outlook of this model is based on naïve materialism, holistic view, and mind-body monism.

3.Biomedical model 10 AD.

Since the fourth and fifth centuries, the Western Renaissance movement has greatly promoted the progress of science and the development of medical science.

The medical model is a philosophical summary of the characteristics and essence of human health and disease, and a reflection on understanding and solving medical and health problems in different periods of social and economic development and the development stage of medical science. The core of the medical model is the concept of medicine, which mainly studies the attributes, functions, structure and development laws of medicine. In ancient times, it was mainly the model of gods and natural philosophy, which established the pathological theory of Chinese yin and yang and five elements, and later experienced the model of mechanical materialist medicine, the model of biomedicine, and the model of bio-psycho-social medicine.

Modern medicine originated from the biomedical model, which studies the dynamic balance of the three major factors of host, environment and ** from a purely biological perspective. With the development of human society and the change of disease spectrum, people have gradually realized the shortcomings of the original medical model, and proposed the bio-psycho-social medical model. It has opened up a broad space for modern medicine, endowed with richer connotations, and expanded the realm of medicine.

Emphasize the care of patients, pay attention to the society, and pay attention to the common improvement of technology and services. And to a certain extent, there is a convergence with traditional Chinese medicine. It suggests the direction of development of modern medicine.

Medical progress is getting faster and faster, and working doctors have to keep learning to keep up with the times. Therefore, the hospital should not only undertake the clinical training tasks of medical school students, but also organize the continuing education of doctors. As a result, the modern hospital has become a comprehensive medical unit integrating the four tasks of prevention, scientific research and teaching.

This change of separation and merger, division and recombination, is a reflection of the dialectic of medical development.

In fact, this characteristic has a lot to wait until the most important is a modern advancedness, so this is the most important.