What is the background of the historical records? What is the background of the historical records?

Sima Qian was tortured by the palace and wrote a historical record written in prison.

Sima Qian loved history, but at the same time was wronged, and vowed to write straight and let the truth be passed on to future generations.

What is the background of the historical records?

In his early years, Sima Qian studied under Kong Anguo and Dong Zhongshu, roaming all over the world, understanding customs and collecting rumors.

The first Langzhong was appointed to the southwest.

In the year of Taichu Yuan Xusen (104 BC), Sima Qian began the creation of the "Taishi Gongshu", which was later known as the "Historical Records".

However, there was an accident, in the year of the three poor Peimu of the Tianhan Dynasty (98 years ago), Li Ling was defeated and surrendered to the Xiongnu, and Sima Qian was imprisoned for defending the truth of the matter to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and was sentenced to palace punishment, which gave him great trauma physically and mentally.

After being released from prison, he endured humiliation and dirt, and worked hard to continue to complete the historical books he wrote, with his historical knowledge of "studying heaven and man, through the changes of the past and the present, and becoming the words of a family", he experienced 14 years before and after the closure, and created China's first general history of the chronicle "Historical Records".

The writer of the historical records was Sima Qian. Sima Qian (145 BC or 135 BC is not available), the character is long, born in Longmen (Xiayang, Western Han Dynasty, now Hancheng City, Shaanxi Province, also known as Hejin City, Shanxi Province), Western Han Dynasty historian, writer, thinker. The son of Sima Tan, Ren Taishi Ling, was known as Shi Qian, Tai Shi Gong, and the father of history by later generations.

He created China's first general history "Historical Records" (formerly known as "Taishi Gongshu"), which is recognized as a model of Chinese history books.

Major achievements:In 91 B.C. (the second year of Zhenghe), the complete book of "Historical Records" was completed. The whole book has 130 articles, more than 526,500 words, including 12 books, 30 families, 70 biographies, 10 tables, and 8 books, which has a huge impact on later generations, and is known as "the actual record, the history of letters", and is praised by Mr. Lu Xun as "the swan song of the historian, the rhyme of the separation", listed as the first of the "first four histories", and the "Zizhi Tongjian" and called "the double of historiography".

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - Sima Qian.

The explanation of the noun in the historical records is:

Historical Records, one of the twenty-four histories, originally known as "Taishi Gongshu" or "Taishi Gongzao Sedan Records", "Taishi Ji", is a historical book written by the Western Han Dynasty historian Sima Qian, and is the first general history of Chinese history.

It records the history of more than 3,000 years from the era of the Yellow Emperor in ancient legends to the first four years of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. In the first year of Taichu, Sima Qian began the creation of the "Taishi Gongshu", which was later known as the "Historical Records". It took 14 years for the work to be completed.

The impact of historical records:

Although the "Historical Records" is written about real characters in history, it actually typed the characters through the method of "mutual seeing", that is, highlighting a certain main characteristic of the characters, through the comparison of different characters, and the fiction of details.

The Records of the Historian established a number of important character archetypes for Chinese literature. In the ** and dramas of later generations, many of the characters such as emperors, heroes, knights, and officials written have evolved from the characters of the "Historical Records".

In terms of martial arts**, in addition to the type of characters, its genre and narrative style are also significantly influenced by the "Historical Records". The Chinese first ode tradition is mostly in the name of "biography", in the form of biographies.

It has a biographical beginning and an end, and the characters are always in the context of their lives, the plots are strictly chronological, and there are often direct comments from the author, all of which are mainly derived from the "Historical Records".

Sima Qian wrote a historical record with anger:

Sima Qian was born in Longmen, on the banks of the Yellow River. Since he was a child, he watched the rolling Yellow River roaring away from under the Dragon Gate, and listened to the stories of ancient heroes told by his father and fellow villagers, and his heart was very excited.

His father, Sima Tan, was the first person in charge of the Han Dynasty, and he was determined to compile a history book to record the history of the 2,600 years from the Yellow Emperor to the Wu Emperor of the Han Dynasty. Influenced by his father, Sima Qian studied hard and greatly enriched his knowledge of history. He also traveled far and wide, making friends and accumulating a large amount of historical materials.

When Sima Tan was dying, he tearfully took his son's hand and said: "After I die, the court will let you succeed me as an official, you must not forget the history books I want to complete in my life!" ”

Sima Qian kept in mind his father's entrustment, and was busy studying historical documents every day, sorting out the historical materials left by his father and the materials he collected from all over the country in his early years. Just as he was concentrating on writing the "Historical Records", a flying disaster suddenly befell him. It turned out that Sima Qian offended Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty for defending a general, and was imprisoned and tortured.

Sima Qian was full of grief and anger, and wanted to splash blood on the wall several times, and he lost his life. But thinking that the "Historical Records" had not yet been completed, he dispelled this idea.

He thought: "People always have to die, some are heavier than Mount Tai, and some are lighter than feathers. If I die like this, won't I be lighter than a feather? I must live! I must finish this history book! ”

Thinking of this, he tried his best to restrain himself, buried all his personal shame and pain in his heart, spread out the beam again and quietly smooth bamboo slips, and wrote a line of neat characters on it. In this way, Sima Qian wrote angrily, and it took him 18 years, and when he was 60 years old, he finally completed a 520,000-word brilliant masterpiece - "Historical Records". This unprecedented work, which almost exhausted his life's work, was written by him with his life.

The Records of the Historian is a biography written by the famous historian Sima Qian of the Western Han Dynasty, which is the first general history of the biography in Chinese history, and is listed as the first of the "Twenty-four History" of Laqi, which records the ancient legend of Liang and Zhongzhong.

The era of the Yellow Emperor, down to the four years of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, has a history of more than 3,000 years. Together with the later "Book of Han", "Book of the Later Han" and "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms", it is called the "First Four History".