Why did France sign the Four Power Treaty 55

In order to achieve mutual military restraint and coordination with the other three countries.

After the end of the Sino-French War (1884-1885), China and France signed the Treaty of Tientsin (also known as the Sino-French New Treaty) to end the war between the two sides and to determine their respective rights and obligations. The treaty was signed in Tianjin on June 9, 1885. The Treaty of Tientsin made a series of provisions on the relations and territorial division between China and France, including:

Return of Hankow and Hanyang: France agreed to return the Hankow and Hanyang regions of the Hubei region of China that it had occupied to the state of Zhong.

Reach an agreement: The two sides reached an agreement on the issue of reciprocity, customs revenue, tariff preferences, etc.

Opening the Yangtze River to Navigation: France agreed to China's request to allow foreign ships to sail on the Yangtze River, lifting the blockade on the Yangtze River.

Boundary Demarcation: The treaty stipulates the delimitation of the Sino-French border in China and clarifies the French sphere of influence in China.

The Treaty of Tientsin was an important treaty signed between China and France, which had a profound impact on the relations between China and France, and to a certain extent limited the sovereignty and territorial integrity of China.

The Sino-French War was the Sino-French Treaty of Mong-Ha (English name: Treaty of Hu), which was signed on June 6, 1884 at Mong Ha (present-day Da Nang), Ho Chi Minh City (French Indochina region), Vietnam. The treaty was signed by the French colonizers and the Qing Dynasty's official Jean Zheng Yuandou, marking China's formal recognition of French dominance in Vietnam and its agreement to pay huge indemnities to France in accordance with the terms of the treaty.

In addition, China was forced to cede to France a portion of Guangxi, Hanoi and land beyond the Ning River south of Shanhaiguan. The war plunged China into an even more crisis-stricken state, which caused great damage to China's national sovereignty and dignity.

1. The unequal treaty signed by the Sino-French War is the Sino-French New Treaty

2. Introduction: "The Destruction of the Sino-French New Covenant" is the "Sino-French Treaty on Vietnam".

or the Vietnam Clause, also known as the Sino-French Peace Treaty

The Treaty of Liba was an unequal treaty signed between the Qing Dynasty and France on June 9, 1885 (the 11th year of Guangxu) to end the Sino-French War. 3. Content: clear**.

Recognize France's right to protect Vietnam, and within six months of the signing of the treaty, China and France send personnel to the Sino-Vietnamese border to "jointly survey the boundary"2The French army withdrew from Taiwan and Penghu. 3.

The land border between China and Vietnam was opened**, and two treaty ports were opened within the Chinese border, one above Bao Thanh and the other north of Lang Son, allowing French merchants to live and set up consuls here. 4.Reduction of import and export tax rates on China's Yunnan and Guangxi borders with Vietnam.

5.Later, China built railways like yards, "from the French people who do this". Fourth, the impact:

The signing of the Sino-French Peace Treaty enabled France to open China's "back door". Subsequently, China and France successively signed the "Regulations on Border Commerce with Vietnam," the "Treaty on Continuing Boundary Affairs," and the "Treaty on Continuing Commerce," which concretely established France's aggressive rights and interests and gradually turned southwest China into France's sphere of influence.

In 1860, China and France signed the Treaty of Shanghai (also known as the "Treaty of Whampoa"), which stipulated that China would pay France 21 million silver dollars in compensation to the French and open the three ports of Guangzhou, Fuzhou, and Xiamen, and allow French missionaries to enter the interior to preach.

After the Sino-French War (also known as the "Jiashen War"), the Qing Dynasty and France signed the Sino-French Treaty of Tianjin (also known as the "Treaty of Tianjin") in June 1860, which was the main peace treaty of the Sino-French War. The main content of the treaty was that the Qing Dynasty ceded the three provinces of the Nguyen Dynasty in central Vietnam (Ninh Binh, Phu An, Hue and other places in present-day Vietnam) to France, compensated a large amount of war reparations, and opened four treaty ports (Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Xiamen, and Shanghai) in China as soon as possible, and allowed French missionaries to preach and open schools, hospitals and other institutions in China. These contents were all historical events and decisions that had a significant impact on China at that time.

After the Sino-French War (1884-1885), China** and France** signed the Sino-French New Treaty in Guangzhou, also known as the Sino-French Peace Conference or the Sino-French Protocol, which officially entered into force on June 9, 1885. The treaty is considered one of the unequal treaties signed in China's modern history, in which China ceded Shantou, Shanwei, Zhanjiang, Maoming and other regions to France, and granted France the privileges of establishing commercial ports in six cities, including Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Hangzhou, and Ningbo, and expanding religious missionary rights in China. In addition, the treaty also stipulates the supervision of the Bureau of Industry and customs duties of the Ministry of Industry of China, and the payment of indemnities to the Chinese Qing Dynasty.

The Sino-French Treaty of Vietnam, i.e., the Vietnam Clause or the Sino-French New Treaty, signed during the Sino-French War, consists of ten paragraphs, the main contents of which are:

Qing ** recognized France's right to protect Vietnam and recognized the treaties concluded between France and Vietnam;

The land border between China and Vietnam has been opened**, and two treaty ports have been opened within the Chinese border, and "all taxes shall be paid on the goods transported in and out of the Yunnan and Guangxi borders, and the trade tax will be reduced according to the current standard";

In the future, when China builds railways, "it should be done with French businessmen";

Within six months of the signing of the treaty, China and France sent personnel to the Sino-Vietnamese border to "jointly survey the boundaries";

The French army withdrew from Taiwan and Penghu.

The Sino-French War was a war between the Qing Dynasty and the French Third Republic, which took place between 1884 and 1885. After the end of the war, the two countries signed the Sino-French Peace Conference (also known as: Franco-Chinese Peace Conference) on Huangpu Island, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province"Treaty of Whampoa"to end the war. The treaty was signed on June 9, 1885, stipulating non-aggression between the Qing and French sides, France recognizing China's sovereignty over Vietnam, and China agreeing to open the Yangtze River and five ports, including Hankou and Shamian.

In addition, China and France have reached agreements on issues such as commerce and shipping.

The Sino-French War was signed in Tianjin on June 26, 1858, and was an unequal treaty between the Qing Dynasty and France.

The main contents are: ceding the Penghu Islands in Guangzhou Bay, Taiwan Island and the area south of the Xijiang River estuary in Guangdong to France, and compensating France with 20 million taels**.

The unequal treaty signed in the Sino-French War was the Sino-French New Treaty

The Sino-French New Treaty, also known as the Sino-French Peace Treaty and the Treaty of Liba, was a treaty signed between the Qing Dynasty and France on June 9, 1885 (the 11th year of Guangxu) on the end of the Sino-French War.

First Opium War.

Sino-French Treaty of Whampoa

The Paris Peace Conference was signed by the Treaty of Versailles.

After fierce contests and compromises, on 28 June, the victorious powers finally signed the Peace Treaty with Germany, or the Treaty of Versailles, in the Hall of Mirrors of the famous Palace of Versailles, a suburb of Paris.

Because the congress had seriously damaged China's interests by transferring Germany's pre-war privileges in Shandong to Japan, the Beiyang ** delegates (i.e., the Chinese ** delegates at that time) refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles, and these provisions of the Treaty of Versailles were a true record of the imperialist repartition of the world.

Participating countries

The countries participating in the Paris Peace Conference were the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Japan, Italy, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Cuba, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Greece, Guatemala, China, Thailand, Haiti, Saudi Arabia, Honduras, and Liberia.

Czechoslovakia, Uruguay, Serb, Croatian, Slovenia and other 27 independent states, as well as the self-governing territories of the United Kingdom, South Africa, India, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.

The meeting was held by two representatives from each of the five countries of the United States, Britain, France, Italy, and Japan. On March 25, the 10-member meeting was reduced to a meeting of the "Big Four": Wilson of the United States, Lloyd George of the United Kingdom, Prime Minister Clemenceau of France, and Orlando of Italy.

Refer to the above content: Encyclopedia—Paris Peace Conference.

On May 13, 1885, the Qing Dynasty appointed Li Hongzhang as the negotiator and began negotiations on the formal Sino-French treaty with the French representative and Minister to China, Badeno, in Tianjin. On June 9, the "Sino-French Treaty of Vietnam" was signed in Tianjin, that is, the "Vietnam Clause" or the "Sino-French New Treaty", also known as the "Treaty of Liba", with a total of ten paragraphs, the main contents of which were: Qing ** recognized France's right to protect Vietnam, recognized the treaty concluded between France and Vietnam, opened the Sino-Vietnamese land border**, opened two treaty ports within the Chinese border, "the goods transported into and out of Yunnan, and the Guangxi border should pay all taxes, according to the current trade tariff will be reduced" Later, China will build railways "should be done with French businessmen" Within six months after the signing of this agreement China and France sent personnel to the Sino-Vietnamese border to "jointly survey the boundary" and the French troops withdrew from Taiwan and Penghu.

In the summer of 1885, Li Hongzhang and the French minister Badeno signed the "Sino-French New Treaty".

In the Versailles Treaty, China's interests, which were not the victorious powers, gave Japan all the interests in China that originally belonged to Germany. Completely ignoring China's entry into the war as an Entente power, hundreds of thousands of laborers were sent to Europe to assist Britain and France. Gu Weijun, who represented China at the Paris Peace Conference, refused to sign the Versailles Treaty.

It seems to be some kind of twenty-one articles, and then transfer all German privileges in Shandong to Japan. Ignoring the demands of China as the victorious side to take back Germany's privileges in China! This is the embodiment of China's lack of diplomacy as a weak country, which deeply hurt the self-esteem of the Chinese people and directly led to the outbreak of the May Fourth Movement that followed.

The treaty in which all German rights in Shantung were inherited by Japan.

The Treaty of Versailles, signed at the Paris Peace Conference, transferred Germany's privileges in China's Shandong to Japan, marking the failure of Chinese diplomacy and triggering the outbreak of the May Fourth Movement.

A: It was the Treaty of Versailles at the Paris Peace Conference.

In 1919, the 27 victorious powers of World War I convened in Paris to sign peace treaties against the defeated countries, known as the Paris Peace Conference. A series of peace treaties were signed, including the Treaty of Versailles, which was made to Germany. As the Chinese representatives' demands for justice were rejected, the news spread to the country, triggering the May Fourth Movement.

Versailles Contract.

The treaty provided for the transfer of German privileges in Shantung, China, to Japan. As the victor of World War I, China was too weak to fight for its rights and interests. This sparked the May Fourth Movement.

On June 27, 1858, the Qing Dynasty of China and France signed the unequal treaty "Sino-French Treaty of Tianjin" [Interpretation] On June 27, 1858, during the Second Opium War, after the British and French forces captured the Dagu Fort, they entered Tianjin. A total of 42 models. Attached is an Addendum to the Statutes of the Peace Treaty.

Main contents: 1. The French Minister is stationed in Beijing and has consulates at all ports of commerce. 2. Qiongzhou, Chaozhou (later changed to Shantou), Taiwan (Tainan), Tamsui, Dengzhou (later changed to Yantai), and Nanjing were added as treaty ports.

(3) Catholic clergy are allowed to preach freely in the interior. 4. The French may travel in the interior, rent land at the treaty ports to build houses, set up churches, hospitals, schools, cemeteries, warehouses, etc., and the Chinese magistrates shall severely punish the Chinese who destroy legal persons. Fifth, France can "equalize" the tariffs, customs taxes, tonnage taxes, customs duties, and import and export taxes agreed between China and other countries.

6. French warships may berth at all treaty ports in China. 7. Determination of consular jurisdiction and one-sided most-favored-nation treatment. 8. China paid France 2 million taels of silver in compensation.