What are the main symptoms of boron deficiency in sweet potatoes?

Main symptoms:

1.As a result, sweet potatoes do not grow much and have a particularly hard taste, and the main ingredient of borax is sodium borate, which is widely used in food processing before it is explicitly banned. Borax has the functions of increasing the toughness and crispness of food, and improving the water retention and preservation of food.

2.The potato growth point and subdivision are dead, the internodes are short, the side buds are clustered, the old leaves are rough and thickened, and the leaf margins are curled.

3.The tubers are small, deformed, brown or brown on the inside, and the boron deficiency in sweet potatoes is shortened, the petioles are curved, and the leaf tips are stunted and slightly twisted. The old leaves turn yellow and fall very early.

The tubers are elongated or oddly shaped, **rough. In cases of severe boron deficiency, nodules often develop into ulcer-like nodules covered with some hardened discharge. Sometimes internal decay may also form.

Prevention and control measures:

For sweet potatoes, a small amount of boron fertilizer is applied. Soil boron application should be uniform, otherwise it is easy to produce local boron excessive harm, and the application of organic fertilizer can increase the effect of boron fertilizer.

The main symptoms of boron deficiency in the remaining crops can be summarized into five aspects.

The growth point atrophies and dies, and the dead top is formed; Wrinkled, twisted, and misshapen leaves. This is especially evident in leafy greens, such as cabbage, edible beets, and lettuce.

The stems and petioles are short, thick, cracked, and brittle. For example, the "split stem disease" of celery, the midrib of the inner leaf of cabbage is browned, dry and cracked; hardening and brittleness of the main vein of the tomato petiole; The tubular leaves of the onion become hard and brittle, and the base produces step-like cracks; Browning, cracking, and denting of the fleshy stems of kale and cauliflower.

The internal tissues of fleshy roots, such as root vegetables, become necrotic and brown, corky and hollow. For example, the "brown heart" in radish and turnip, and the "heart rot" in beets. The neck of the fleshy roots of turnips becomes rough and has typical shark-like lesions.

Peel, pulp necrosis. For example, cucumber core cork, the peel is split longitudinally; Rust necrosis on the surface of tomato fruits; Soy pods.

Have all one's goods in the window. For example, boron-deficient soybeans have few, very small or even no flowers; Cabbage, kale, and cauliflower are all grown in a gorgeous but unfulfilling way.

Sweet potatoes are boron deficient and do not grow much, each sweet potato is very small, and the top is pitted, the length is not rounded, and the yield of sweet potatoes will be particularly low.

The yield will be lower and lower, the quality will be worse and worse, the pollen will be deformed, the flowers will not bear fruit after flowering, the fruit will not be full, the leaves will be thicker, and the leaves will be rougher.

Sweet potatoes don't grow big and don't taste good, so you should add more fertilizer to the sweet potatoes to make them grow better.

The symptoms of potassium deficiency in sweet potatoes are mainly manifested in the short petioles and small leaves in the early stage of growth, which leads to the inability to grow enough green leaves normally, resulting in the impossibility of photosynthesis and the inability of sweet potatoes to grow normally. **The main method of potassium deficiency in sweet potatoes can be to re-fertilize the base hail transport liquid, or soak the vines in a certain solution before dismantling, and then re-enter the soil after the sweet potatoes grow stems and rhizomes, the third method is to supplement potassium to the sweet potatoes, and the fourth method can be to fertilize directly on the leaf surface of the sweet potatoes.

When planting sweet potatoes, we must pay attention to sweet potatoes, which grow underground, so we usually observe whether the leaves of sweet potatoes are dense enough to judge the growth of sweet potatoes, whether it is normal? Because sweet potatoes grow in the ground, we can't see their growth intuitively, so we can judge by observing their leaf condition.

If it is a sweet potato with more lush leaves, it is often a more fat fruit, then the sweet potato also grows better, but if some of the leaves are not too dense, or the leaf color is not good, and there are multiple pores, then at this time we must pay attention to the growth of sweet potatoes, carry out certain ** and management.

Sweet potatoes have a lot of functions, we can use it to make breakfast in our lives, make staple food or make some pasta are very useful, very delicious food, but the process of planting it is more difficult, we must know that sweet potatoes he has no seeds, when we plant sweet potatoes, we usually use sweet potatoes, dare to come in and wipe into the soil for planting.

It seems that only sweet potatoes are grown, and then there are potatoes that are cut into pieces and planted in the soil.

Similar planting and some common, methods to prevent plant diseases can be understood through professional books, but if the land is not fertile, then it is necessary to fertilize the land commonly used, mainly farmhouse fertilizer, and some other fertilizers, but farmhouse fertilizer is often the best, if the land is too barren, all plants are almost not able to grow normally and healthily, so when we plant some plants in our lives, we must pay attention to the health of the soil. If necessary, the soil can be pruned.

You can spray potassium-containing pesticides or apply potassium fertilizers, observe the soil conditions and the characteristics of sweet potatoes, and then carry out control.

When potassium deficiency symptoms are found in the process of sweet potato growth, if it is an early potassium deficiency, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate first, spray it once with 400 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed with water 350 kg per mu, and then apply potassium sulfate compound fertilizer to the soil, and apply about 40 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu. Foliar top dressing is recommended. Due to foliar topdressing, the fertilizer effect is rapid, and the utilization rate of fertilizer tie-up front effect is high.

In such a situation, it is necessary to supplement fertilizer in time, and you can also add more potassium fertilizer appropriately, and then you should also pay attention to the temperature of planting.

Sweet potatoes are called sweet potatoes in our place, and they are cultivated in the mountains and thin fields, mainly for the sake of satisfying the mouth. The requirements of sweet potato fertilization are that more fertilizer is applied in the early stage, which can promote the early emergence of seedlings, stable fertilizer absorption in the middle stage, strong but not vigorous, long fertilizer effect in the later stage, and the plant does not premature aging. Moreover, sweet potatoes are crops that require more potassium, and if potassium fertilizer is insufficient, the yield and quality will be greatly affected.

First, the symptoms of insufficient potassium fertilizer in sweet potatoes.

If sweet potatoes are deficient in potassium, they will first show up on the old leaves, the leaves lose green, the leaf edges are dry, and the leaves bend downward, and the leaves will senesce prematurely.

The whole plant showed weak stems, decreased drought resistance, and yellowing of leaves and gradual necrosis. Potassium deficiency sometimes slows growth, but because the middle of the leaf still grows rapidly, the entire leaf becomes cup-shaped or shrivels. Because potassium is a highly mobile and reusable element, the symptoms of potassium deficiency first appear on the lower old leaves.

Second, how to apply potassium fertilizer to sweet potatoes.

1. Base fertilizer. Sweet potatoes are mainly organic fertilizers, supplemented by inorganic fertilizers. The base fertilizer should be applied enough farmhouse fertilizer, with nitrogen fertilizer, superphosphate, plant ash, or compound fertilizer, potassium sulfate fertilizer, etc.

Farm manure must be rotten, as the agricultural proverb says, sweet potatoes like to be fertilized in the next year and sweet potatoes grow into manure.

2. Top dressing. The principle of sweet potato topdressing is light before, medium and heavy, and after supplementing, in the case of sufficient base fertilizer, the seedling stage can not be topdressed.

When the stems and vines grow to a foot long, more soil miscellaneous fertilizer and an appropriate amount of compound fertilizer with higher potassium content are applied between the rows before cultivating. Then cover the soil, so that the middle stage will grow steadily, and the later stage will not prematurely decay.

Sweet potatoes grow from early July to late August, when the stems and leaves are at their most luxuriant, and the tubers are also expanding rapidly. When cracks appear in the plot, potassium fertilizer is the main fertilizer for good growth and seedling fertilizer, supplemented by nitrogen fertilizer. For plots with poor growth, more nitrogen fertilizer should be applied appropriately and potassium fertilizer should be used.

Fertilization is best applied with water holes or grouting.

For the plots of general fertility, it is necessary to promote the growth of stems and leaves and promote the expansion of potato tubers, and it is necessary to apply less nitrogen fertilizer and more potassium fertilizer. It is also possible to use 5% urea and 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixture for foliar fertilization 1 2 times.

Under the condition of high fertilizer and water, sweet potatoes may grow excessively, so it is necessary to spray and control the vigor to let the nutrients flow to the potato pieces and promote expansion.

In short, sweet potato is a crop that needs more potassium, on the basis of applying enough potassium fertilizer as the base fertilizer, an appropriate amount of potassium fertilizer can be applied in the cracks in the later stage, or foliar spraying of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, plant ash water, etc. 2 3 times, which has a certain effect on avoiding potassium deficiency and promoting the expansion of potato chunks and improving quality.

Symptoms of nitrogen deficiency:

When crops are deficient in nitrogen, the plants are short, thin, erect, and have light green or yellow-green leaves. The color of the green leaves is uniform, generally no spots or spots, and the leaves are thin and straight. The symptoms of nitrogen deficiency spread from the bottom to the top, and the lower leaves withered and fell early when severe. The roots are small and slender; The lateral buds are dormant, the number of flowers and fruits is small, the seeds are small and not full, the maturity is early, and the yield is reduced.

The symptoms of nitrogen deficiency in major crops are as follows.

The edges of the basal leaves of sweet potato are red to purple, the petioles are short and easy to shed, and the vines are slender and sparse. The tubers are small and have a lot of fiber.

When potatoes are boron deficient, the growth point is inhibited, the internodes become shorter, and the plants are dwarfed. In severe cases, the growth point is stagnant, wilted, and even died, forming a withering phenomenon. After the death of the apical bud, promote the germination of axillary buds and grow new branches, the apical buds of these new branches also atrophy and die due to boron deficiency, and the axillary buds on the branches can germinate and grow into new branches, so that the growth of the Hui bond point dies and the new wild branches are formed, so that the plant is dwarf bush-like.

The blades are uneven, thickened, brittle, and easily broken; The leaves become darker, and the new leaves are shriveled, curled, and wrinkled. The tubers become smaller and deformed, the vascular bundles become brown and die, and the epidermis is rough and cracked.

When sweet potato is deficient, the growth of the apex of the potato vine is stunted and rigid, the internodes are short, often twisted, the midribs of young leaves are asymmetrical on both sides, the petioles are short and thick and twisted, and the leaves are yellowed and fall off early. The tubers are untidy and have a hard texture with brown spots. In severe cases, nodules and black coagulated exudate appear on the surface, and the internal cambium layer of the tuber is necrotic.

When boron is deficient, the growth point of the root tip and stem tip stops growing, and in severe cases, the growth point shrinks and dies, the side buds occur in large quantities, and the plant growth is deformed. The flowering and fruiting are abnormal, the pollen is deformed, the buds, flowers and ovary are easy to fall off, and the fruit seeds are not full. The leaves are thick, rough, wrinkled and curly.

Typical boron deficiency symptoms such as those of Brassica napus"Flowers but not fruits"Sick, beets"Heart rot", turnips"Brown heart disease", celery"Split-stem disease", tobacco"Top rot", Apple's"Endocork disease"with"Dry spot disease"Wait.

Boron is not very mobile in plants, and boron deficiency symptoms are mostly found in young tissues.

Soil chemical diagnosis: soil available boron is mainly used to determine the soil hot water soluble and slow boron as an index. When the boron content of the soil is or less, boron fertilizer can significantly increase the yield and improve the quality.

In general, boron poisoning may occur when the available boron of disturbed soil exceeds 1 mg kg.