The criterion for judging good and evil is motive or effect

First of all, from the perspective of the criterion for distinguishing good and evil behaviors, ethics tells us that all behaviors that are conducive to social progress are good deeds, and vice deeds are vice deeds, which is itself a result judgment, so there is no doubt that the result is the criterion for evaluating good and evil behaviors. Second, from the essential difference between outcome and motivation, we know that the outcome is certain. When the motivation is inconsistent with the subjective intention of the actor, it has deviated from the object of our evaluation - behavior, so how can the motivation be used as a standard at this time?

And when it is consistent with the actor's intention to act, the motive still cannot be used as a criterion for evaluation. Because there are many objective constraints from motives to behaviors, there are behaviors of both good and evil natures due to different practices for the same motive, just as we often see that good intentions do bad things, and bad intentions do good things. So it turns out that the results can be used as the criterion for evaluation.

Thirdly, from the perspective of the plurality of results, we say that the results are not singular, the results are like a bunch of grapes, and each grape is its constituent element. Just like the social effect of the behavior, the degree of harm to others, and so on, are all elements that constitute this result.

Today, we combine these elements to analyze behavior comprehensively. In order to give it an objective, fair and rational evaluation. So to sum up, the criterion of good and evil is the result.

The core of good and evil is nothing more than profit. And this interest can be divided into three levels.

The first is the human being's time of existence. Doing: The more we can prolong the existence of human beings, the better; The shorter the human being, the more evil it becomes.

The second is the world (including things and outsiders). Doing: The more beneficial to the world, the better; The more harmful it is to the world, the more evil it is.

Finally, there is the ego. What you do: the more beneficial you are, the better you are; The more harmful it is to oneself, the more evil it becomes.

Of course, the above is about good and evil, but the heart of good and evil is different.

If evil deeds are done with good intentions (i.e., evil deeds with good intentions), then things are evil and hearts are good; If one does a good deed out of malice (such as seeking something in return), then the deed is good and the heart is evil.

In addition, good and evil also involve personal abilities: the more you try to do good, or try to reduce evil, the better your heart will be; The more recklessly we do evil, or the more we intend to do good, the more evil our hearts become.

Is motivation the criterion for evaluating good or evil behavior? Or is it an effect? This debate topic is very fascinating, and Zhang Wan, a student from the 00-level economic and trade team, took the lead, and put forward a rigorous argument

The criterion for evaluating good and evil actions is effect, not motivation. Citing works such as Introduction to Ethics and Theoretical Foundations of Behavioral Science, he pointed out: (1) Good and evil are in the realm of morality, not measured by legal standards.

The so-called "goodness" is the beneficial behavior to others and society that is manifested in the relationship between people and people; "Evil" is an act that is harmful to others and society. It can be seen from the quotation that the "beneficial" and "harmful" mentioned in the article are undoubtedly judged by the effect of the behavior. Whereas, "motivation" is a subjective state with implicit characteristics, and motivation always needs to be expressed through behavior.

It can be seen that motivation alone cannot evaluate behavior at all. (2) From the perspective of behavior management, the same motive can cause a variety of different behaviors. For example:

When you want to get a video camera, this motivation can lead to the following behaviors: first, to work hard, to get more wages, to save money to buy it; Second, save money to buy money. It can be seen that both of these actions can be said to be good in terms of reason and reason; However, if you want to rely on crooked ways and use ill-gotten gains to buy, this kind of behavior is undoubtedly evil.

Both good and evil behaviors are caused by the same motive, and if the effect is not produced by the behavior, how can the good or evil of the behavior be evaluated by relying on the motive alone? (3) Reasonable motives may also lead to unreasonable or even wrong behavior. For example:

Parents "stick education" children, from the parents' motivation, is undoubtedly to let the child become a talent, is a good motive, is a good motive.

The standard of good and evil exists in everyone's heart, and some things may be considered good by some people and evil by others, so there is no unified and fixed standard of good and evil. People tend to regard what they do as good for their own interests and evil as evil for what is harmful to their own interests. The so-called helping others and harming others are only concepts in the category of morality, and morality is divided into several levels, such as the morality advocated by the ruling class, such as the morality in the hearts of the people, so judging good and evil only from the category of morality has obvious limitations.

In the new era, I think the criterion for judging good and evil should be whether a person's behavior is conducive to promoting the progress of a society and an era, and whether it is conducive to the interests of the majority of people. This is the macro criterion. In the micro aspect, look at whether what a person does helps himself and others, if there is it it is good, if it hurts others and is not good for himself, it is evil, if he harms himself and others, it is also evil, and self-interest does not harm others can still be regarded as good.

There is no one in the world that I don't love, there is no one in the world that I don't forgive, and there is no one in the world that I don't trust, and doing these three things is true good!

The so-called evil, in the eyes of true and good, there is no real evil!