What are the living habits of the Qiang people during the Chinese New Year?

The traditional festival of the Qiang nationality is the Qiang calendar year, the Qiang language is called "Rimeiji", according to the different places, there are "Qiang New Year", "Celebrate the small year", "harvest festival", "Restoration Festival" and other names, but the name is different, the content is exactly the same, all to celebrate the harvest and thanksgiving and wish as the main content, with a strong religious color, held on the first day of the tenth lunar month every year, lasting three to five days every festival, wedding and funeral, sacrifice, gathering, hospitality or au pair labor, in addition to the rich meal, also must have fine wine. As a Qiang proverb goes: "It is difficult to sing without wine, there are many songs with wine, there is no banquet without wine, and it is difficult to treat guests without songs."

Marriage to eat "make wine", banquet guests to eat "wine", the wine brewed during the Double Ninth Festival is called Chongyang wine, which needs to be stored for more than one year before drinking, Chongyang wine is purple-red because of the long storage time, the wine is purple-red, the wine is mellow and fragrant, and it is an indispensable wine during the Double Ninth Festival. Another drink known as steamed wine is made by steaming cornmeal mixed with koji, which has both the aroma of wine and rice when drunk, similar to the mash grains of the Han people. Regardless of the New Year's Festival or hospitality, the Qiang people take "nine" as auspicious, so nine large bowls must be placed during the banquet, and the dishes are the same as Sichuan cuisine.

Stew whole chicken, and it is customary to prop up the head of the chicken with a bamboo skewer to make it elevated. Serve as a guest of honor (such as uncle, etc.).

The first day of the tenth lunar month is the Qiang New Year's Festival. The banquet of the New Year's Festival is also called "harvest wine". On the day of the New Year's Festival, the whole village people go to the "Sacred Forest" to make a vow, burn cypress incense to honor the ancestors and the gods, to use buckwheat flour to make a kind of buckwheat dumplings filled with meat and tofu, and some also use flour to make cattle, sheep, horses, chickens and other animals of different shapes as sacrifices.

The next day, a family banquet was held and the married daughter was invited back to her parents' home. Carry out various festival activities. The mountain festival to pray for a good harvest is a kind of sacrificial activity in the whole village, except for married women who are not allowed to participate, all the people in the village must bring wine, meat and steamed buns to the meeting.

The head of the meeting will be served by all households in the village in turn. At that time, 1 black ram, 1 red rooster, 1 jar of wine, 3 catties of pork, 1 bucket of barley, 13 catties of noodles made of big buns and fragrant wax, firecrackers, paper money, etc., will be placed according to the regulations, and the "Xu" (wizard) will preside over the sacrifice, pray to the gods of heaven and the mountain gods to bless the whole village with a good life, and the goats will be slaughtered and cooked, and distributed to each household together with other food, called "scattered molecules". At the end, everyone sat on the ground and tasted each other's sacrificial food. Hope.

The Qiang people also celebrate the Spring Festival, and their customs are not much different from those of the Han people. However, the Qiang people's New Year mainly refers to the Qiang calendar year, which is the most important festival of the Qiang people on the first day of October of the lunar calendar every year.

On this day of the Year of the Qiang Nationality, the Qiang people gather together to offer chickens, sheep and cattle made of flour, share the mutton, and sprinkle the blood of the sheep into the woods. Relatives and friends invite each other to pay New Year's greetings and drink "smacking wine" (made by boiling barley and barley and making koji). When drinking, everyone takes turns to suck with a thin bamboo tube, adding water to the jar while sucking, and sharing it with the sake lees after the taste).

Everyone sang drinking songs while drinking, and the content was mostly to wish good luck, or to congratulate the New Year, or to reward and remember the heroic achievements of their ancestors. The guest and the host take turns to sing in duet, with beautiful melody, high-pitched voice, tactful and melodious, very beautiful. Under the accompaniment of gongs, bells, sheepskin drums and bamboo flutes, everyone danced the pot village and leather drums, adding a lively atmosphere to the festival.

A traditional festival of the Qiang people.

The traditional festival of the Qiang nationality is the Qiang calendar year, the Qiang language is called "Rimeiji", according to the different places, there are many names such as "Qiang New Year", "Passing the Small Year", "Harvest Festival", "Restoration Festival", etc., but the name is different, the content is exactly the same, all to celebrate the harvest and thanksgiving and wish for the main content, with a strong religious color.

Held on the first day of the 10th lunar month every year, it lasts for three to five days for festivals, weddings, funerals, sacrifices, gatherings, hospitality or au pairs.

The Qiang people celebrate the Qiang calendar year, and the first day of October of the lunar calendar every year. Usually local** or other organizations hold various celebrations, singing, dancing and a three-day holiday.

At the same time, the Qiang people also celebrate the Spring Festival, and the customs are not much different from those of the Han people.

That is, the Spring Festival, and the Qiang New Year, on the first day of the tenth lunar month every year.

1. Clothing. Both men and women wore cotton or brocade (in the past, homemade homespun cloth or linen) long gowns, with a loose right side that resembled a cheongsam.

Men's shirts are over the knees, and women's shirts are up to the instep. The color varies depending on the age, the middle-aged and elderly people are mostly a single blue and black, and the young girl who pretends to be a cave girl likes bright colors. The collar, cuffs and placket are decorated with flowers, and the diagonal placket is inlaid with patterns from one to three fingers wide, and some are inlaid with plum-shaped silver ornaments, all of which are handmade.

2. Diet. The Qiang people have a rich diet. The staple food is corn, artichoke, wheat, barley, supplemented by buckwheat, oil wheat and various legumes, and the vegetables are varied. The traditional diet includes churning dough, corn steaming, "gold wrapped in silver" or "poor dry silver wrapped in gold", artichoke glutinous baa, boiled artichoke, and pork fat.

3. Travel. The Qiang people erected the bamboo rope bridge, the zipline of the "suspension canal cable" and the wooden bridge with wisdom, and dug the plank road. The rope bridge is called "笮" in ancient times, it is to tie the bamboo rope to the solid object on both sides of the river valley, no iron nails, no bridge piers, just use a number of bamboo cables, side by side across the river, lay wooden planks, in order to pass people and animals.

4. Dance. The Qiang dance style is simple and elegant, rough and beautiful. It is mainly divided into four categories: self-entertainment dance, sacrificial dance, ceremonial dance, and assembly dance, and the basic movements are relatively consistent and have their own characteristics.

The most representative types of self-entertaining dances are "Sharon" and "Xi Bu Kee", which are closely related to festivals and festive activities.

5. Marriage. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the marriage of Qiang men and women followed the "order of the parents and the words of the matchmaker", and there were marriage forms such as "finger marriage", "embracing marriage", "child marriage" and "buying and selling marriage". Marriage pays attention to the right family, and there are customs of changing houses, entering the house, and robbing marriages.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, independent marriages gradually became the majority. But the traditional liturgical procedures have been preserved to this day.

With the development of the Qiangzhai economy, people's lives have been improved, and new content has been added to the marriage ceremony in the past. The combination of tradition and modernity gives full play to the traditional cultural lack hall of the Qiang nationality and adds to the festive atmosphere.

The Qiang people are a very ancient ethnic group in western China, and the Qiang people still officially designated by China are mainly concentrated in Sichuan and other places, with a population of about 300,000 people. Each ethnic group has its own folk culture, so the Qiang people also have their own customs and habits. So, let's take stock of the customs and habits of the Qiang people!

Most of the Qiang people today still wear traditional national costumes.

The costumes of the Qiang people are simple, beautiful and distinctive. In ancient times, the Qiang people mostly wore leather and wool clothing. Since the development of the textile industry since the Ming Dynasty, more linen clothes have replaced leather and wool clothes.

Since the liberation, the fabrics of Kuanweijian's clothing have become more diversified. Men like to wear blue headscarves, and some also like to wear fox fur hats in winter, and wear long shirts made of linen, cotton, silk and wool fabrics, and some long shirts are decorated with lace. The jacket is a sleeveless sheepskin or wool or cotton leather coat, which can protect against cold, rain, cushion sitting, and is suitable for labor.

Men's feet are wrapped in leggings made of wool or linen or cotton, some of which are decorated with patterns, which can keep warm, filter water, and protect their legs, and they wear leather shoes, cloud shoes, embroidered ear shoes and glue, cloth, grass and other shoes. Belts of wool, linen, and cotton, and swords, sickles, and skins, embroidered silk, and cotton wraps were tied to hold money, bullets, gunpowder, and cigarettes.

Women's costumes are bright and colorful. Headwear is divided into three categories depending on the region. The vast majority of the first class is covered with blue headscarves, embroidered with patterns, and then covered with embroidered headscarves, which are bright and colorful.

Women in the Black Tiger area wear white headscarves to commemorate the legendary hero Gru Congbo as filial piety. The northwest includes Chibusu, Lixian and other places, and women have tiled embroidered black bandanas on their heads. Qiang women all wear embroidered gowns, black wool belts or red cotton belts, embroidered waistbands, and embroidered streamers at the back.

He likes to wear gold and silver jewelry such as silver medals, collar flowers, earrings, earrings, bracelets, rings, and oval necklaces called "Sewu". Every festival is a happy event, the Qiang girl is dressed up gorgeously, graceful and luxurious.

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After a long period of development, the Qiang people not only have their own writing and language, but also form their own unique food habits and customs. Whenever there is a festival, the whole village people will gather together to worship their ancestors and gods, and when the worship is over, everyone will share these sacrificial foods.

So, let's take a look at Qiang culture with me!

The Qiang people now mainly live in Maowen in western Sichuan, and the rest are scattered in Wenchuan, Lixian, Heishui, Songpan and other places. It has a population of more than 10,000 people (Fourth Population Census in 1990). The Qiang people call themselves "Erma", which means "natives".

Its origins can be traced back to the Zuoqiang people more than 3,000 years ago. As early as 3,000 years ago, there were records of the Qiang people in the oracle bone inscriptions of the Yin Dynasty, and they were mainly active in the northwest of China and the Central Plains. Since the Qin and Han dynasties, the Ran and Ma Long tribes of the ancient Qiang people lived in the northwest of present-day Sichuan.

During the Tang Dynasty, some Qiang people assimilated into the Tibetans, and the other part assimilated into the Han people. Today's Qiang people are one of the remaining branches of the ancient Qiang people.

The Qiang people do not have their own language, and they use Chinese as a language, but they have their own language. The Qiang language belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family, which is divided into two major dialects, north and south.

The mountainous areas inhabited by the Qiang people are home to the world's rare pandas, flying foxes, golden snub-nosed monkeys, etc. This ancient people are now mainly engaged in agriculture. The industry has started from nothing, and has built tanning, paper, wood, cement, fertilizer and other industries.

Embroidery, flower picking, and weaving are the traditional crafts of the Qiang people.

The taboos of the Qiang nationality are: when a woman gives birth, she hangs a flail or a back pocket outside the door, and does not allow outsiders to enter, and when there is a sick person at home, she hangs a red note on the door to avoid outsiders from visiting; Do not cross the fire pit or step on the tripod with your feet, and do not bake shoes and socks on the tripod; Avoid sitting on thresholds and stairs; After eating, do not put your chopsticks across the bowl or turn the wine glass upside down.

Everyday food customs. Most of the Qiang people have two meals a day, that is, after breakfast, they go out to work, and they have to bring steamed buns (cornmeal buns), and eat them in the field at noon, which is called "beating the tip". In the afternoon, I went home for dinner.

Most staple foods are inseparable from steamed noodles. Frequently eaten noodle steaming is to put corn flour in the retort and steam it into granules, which can be eaten as rice, sometimes the washed rice is mixed into the corn flour, or the corn flour is mixed into the rice and steamed, which is called "gold and silver" or "silver and gold". Mixed with wheat flour and corn flour to make a bun and roasted on the fire, it is also one of the main daily foods of the Qiang people.

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Every year on the first day of October of the lunar calendar, the first day of the Qiang calendar is the Qiang New Year, on this day the Qiang compatriots will carry out the harvest celebration and various entertainment activities, wear their own national costumes, gather together to dance the pot village, drink miscellaneous wine, cultural exhibitions, organize literary and artistic activities, sheepskin drumming and some sacrificial activities.

1. Jumping pot village: everyone gathers around a big circle, singing and dancing, under normal circumstances, the male sings the last sentence, the female sings the next sentence, or the female sings the last sentence, the male sings the teasing sentence, ups and downs, and drinks some miscellaneous wine when you are tired of dancing.

2. Cultural Exhibition: The exhibition of cultural products of their own nationality, such as Qiang Xiu, Qiang Naling flute, costumes, jewelry, etc., is shown to the world.

3. Sheepskin encouragement: It is the main dance form in the Qiang sacrifice activities, and has distinctive Qiang cultural characteristics. The sheepskin drum later evolved into a folk dance, and when the folk performed the sheepskin drum, the form was more free, and the dance language was richer.

Strips, salted for three to seven days, hung on the roof beams to air dry. Gold and silver are also the traditional food of the Qiang people. It is prevalent in Wenchuan, Maoxian, Lixian and other areas.

It is made by steaming yellow corn mixed with a small amount of white rice, hence the name. Rice-based, corn-supplemented is called silver and gold. Corn steaming, a traditional Qiang food, is popular in Wenchuan County and other places.

Mix the corn cloth with water, mix it into granules and steam it. The festival Qiang Year is also known as Xiao Nian and is held every year on the first day of the tenth month of the lunar calendar. In the area of Maoxian, there are special regulations for the Qiang New Year:

At that time, no adult died in the whole village in the Qiang New Year, otherwise it could only be the Spring Festival. The Ox King will be a traditional festival of the Qiang people. It is held on the first day of the eleventh month of the lunar calendar every year, and the festival lasts for one day.

On this day, the ploughing cattle should be rested and fed with bread and wheat straw. In some places, you have to make a sun-moon-shaped bun and hang it on the horns, and then let it go out of the circle to move freely. The master went to the Niuwang Temple to burn incense and paper, and slaughtered a sheep and a chicken, praying that the Niuwang would bless the cattle from the plague.

The Song Festival is mainly popular in the Qiang ethnic group in the northern part of Tianmao County. It is held every year on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month and only women participate.

Qiang Dragon Boat Festival.

It is also a traditional festival of the Qiang nationality. It is held every year on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. On this day, men, women and children should drink a little realgar wine, rub a little on the ears and nose, and sprinkle a little in front of the door and window to prevent mosquitoes, flies, insects, snakes and filth from entering, and bless the family members to be safe.

Anyone who can walk around should go to the mountains as much as possible to step on the green dew, thinking that the Dragon Boat Festival dew can strengthen the body and bones.