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That's because the specific gravity of ice is small, so it floats on the top, and the heat exchange between water and the outside world is mainly concentrated on the surface of the water and the wall of the vessel, so these places cool down quickly, and the middle is relatively stable.
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Uh, have you studied the second law of thermodynamics?
To put it simply, if you feel that an object is hot, it is because your own temperature is lower than that of that object, and the heat of that object is transmitted to you, and your nerves will send a hot signal to your brain; Conversely, if the temperature of an object is lower than your own temperature, your heat will be transferred to that object, and you will feel that the object is cold.
When the surface of the water freezes, you touch the water at the bottom with your hands, and the water at the bottom of the water is the densest, 4, and the water on the surface of the water varies from 0 4 due to heat exchange. Your hands first touch the surface of the water and then go to the bottom, so you will feel the warmth of the water underneath.
And when you use the water pump to pump out the water, it is groundwater, and the temperature of your hand at this time should be body temperature, about 36 (the temperature of the hand is slightly colder than the armpits.) If you touch the groundwater with your hand at this temperature, your heat will be transferred to the water quickly, so it will feel very cold and soaking.
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Your question needs to be classified·· First of all, according to the phenomenon of thermal circulation, the hot ones go up, the cold ones go down, and the cold ones go down naturally
The problem of freezing on the surface of the water is because the ice layer has a certain thermal insulation effect, and the water in the upper layer will also exchange heat with the outside world, so the more you go down, the hotter it gets.
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The density of water at 4 degrees is the highest, at the bottom, colder and hotter than him, all above it. However, in winter, the top is in contact with the air and is more likely to get colder, so the bottom is not necessarily 4 degrees, but if it is not 4 degrees, it must be lower than 4 degrees.
Do you understand? I'm talking a lot of nonsense.
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Water at 4 degrees has abnormal expansion, so water at 4 degrees is at the bottom.
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Macroscopically, the deeper the water, the higher the temperature. For every 100 meters down from the ground, the temperature increases by about 3 degrees Celsius.
The formation temperature of 5 10 meters below the surface does not change with the change of outdoor atmospheric temperature, and remains at 15 17 all year round. At a certain depth, the temperature increases by about 2 degrees Celsius or more for every 100 meters of depth.
When there is little change in depth, that is, microscopically, the temperature of surface water changes with the change of insolation and air temperature. The temperature of groundwater is closely related to ground temperature. Generally speaking, the temperature of groundwater is relatively constant, and the deeper the groundwater, the more constant the water temperature.
If there is a drastic change in the temperature of the groundwater, it is a hygienic indication that there is a suspicion of contamination.
The temperature of surface water varies with the change of sunlight and air temperature. The temperature of groundwater is closely related to ground temperature. Generally speaking, the temperature of groundwater is relatively constant, and the deeper the groundwater, the more constant the water temperature.
If there is a drastic change in the temperature of the groundwater, it is a hygienic indication that there is a suspicion of contamination.
If there is a sudden increase in groundwater temperature, it may be due to the large inflow of surface water with higher temperatures. Water temperature can affect the growth and reproduction of bacteria in the water and the natural purification of the water. In addition, water temperature is also important for water purification and disinfection.
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It is not inevitable that the depth and temperature of water will be high or low within a certain range. Due to the abnormal expansion of water between 0 and 4 degrees Celsius, the density of water is highest at 4 degrees Celsius, and therefore the thermal stratification of the water body.
Experiments show that when the water of 0 is heated to 4, its volume not only does not increase, but decreases. When the temperature of water is higher than 4, its volume expands as the temperature increases. Therefore, water has the highest density at 4.
A sufficiently vast tropical ocean surface that not only requires a surface temperature of more than 265 And in a layer of sea water at a depth of 60 meters, the water temperature must exceed this value.
The vast ocean surface is a necessary natural environment for the formation of typhoons, because of the friction between the air molecules inside the typhoon, an average of 3100-4000 calorie centimeters 2 of energy is consumed every day, and this huge energy is only possible by the latent heat released by the vast tropical ocean**.
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The deeper the water, the lower the temperature, and the higher the altitude, the lower the temperature.
Brother roll, roll roll, brother roll, roll, roll.
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