In July, Shenwu Yizhou wrote, responsible for the crime of killing Xiaowu Modern Chinese, thank yo

In July, Shenwu (Emperor Gao Huan of Northern Qi) wrote a letter to Zhou Wen (Emperor, Emperor Yuwentai of Northern Zhou), condemning him for the crime of killing (Northern Wei) Xiaowu (Emperor, i.e., Emperor Yuan Xiu of Northern Wei).

Among them, Gao Huan's Northern Qi Emperor Shenwu and Yuwentai's Northern Zhou Wen Emperor were posthumously established after the establishment of the Northern Qi and Northern Zhou, at the time of this incident (letter), the Northern Qi and the Northern Zhou had not yet been established, at that time Gao Huan was the prime minister of the Eastern Wei Dynasty, Yuwentai was the prime minister of the Western Wei Dynasty, and the people who actually held the highest power in the two countries were Gao Huan and Yuwentai respectively. The record said that Yuwentai killed Emperor Xiaowu of the Northern Wei Dynasty is probably like this: because of the turmoil in the late Northern Wei Dynasty, Er Zhurong made a rebellion, and later Gao Huan crusaded against Er Zhurong, abolished Emperor Min, and established Emperor Xiaowu Yuan Xiu, Gao Huan controlled the government from then on, and Emperor Xiaowu was very dissatisfied; So he tried to contain Gao Huan's forces.

Gao Huan's cronies secretly played that Emperor Xiaowu of Gao Huan had two hearts, and was killed by Emperor Xiaowu; As a result, the relationship between Gao Huan and Emperor Xiaowu deteriorated rapidly. So Gao Huan ordered Hou Mo Chen Yue to kill Emperor Xiaowu's confidant He Batyue, and sent Hou Jing to receive He Batyue's troops. Unexpectedly, He Bayue's subordinates served Dai Yuwentai as the main leader, and Hou Jing returned in vain.

Yuwentai raised troops in the name of avenging He Bayue, and sent a letter to crusade against Gao Huan. Emperor Xiaowu finally fled to Guanzhong in 534 to seek refuge in Yuwentai, and Gao Huan set up Yuan Shanjian as the emperor, that is, Emperor Xiaojing of the Eastern Wei Dynasty, and moved the capital to Ye by Gao Huan. In December of that year, Yuwentai killed Emperor Xiaowu and set up the Yuan Bao Torch as the emperor, that is, Emperor Yuan of the Western Wei Dynasty, and set the capital of Chang'an.

The Northern Wei Dynasty officially fell, and the confrontation between the Eastern and Western Wei Dynasty was formed.

In July, Shenwu wrote to Zhou Wen reprimanding him for his sin of killing Xiaowu.

Original text and translation:

The specific methods of literal translation of ancient Chinese mainly include translation, transposition, addition, deletion, and retention.

1 Translation. Translation is the translation of the original word order, word by word. This is the most basic method of literal translation, and it is also the first step of literal translation. For sentences with the same word order and syntactic structure in ancient and modern Chinese, there is no need to change the word order of the original sentence when translating them today, as long as the appropriate words are selected from modern Chinese to translate the words in the original sentence.

The advantage of translation is that it is implemented word by word, which avoids missing translations, which are a common problem in beginners. Since there are many similarities in the sentence structure of ancient and modern Chinese, everything that can be translated must be translated. If there is difficulty in translation, or the meaning of the translated translation is not clear enough, and the sentence is not smooth, appropriate adjustments can be made by means of shifting, supplementing, etc.

2 Displacement. Displacement refers to the fact that some word orders and expressions in ancient Chinese are different from those of modern Chinese, and the position of words should be moved according to the expression habits of modern Chinese when translating.

3 Supplements. Supplementation refers to the omission or expression of ancient Chinese that is too simple and ancient, and necessary additions should be made in the current translation.

We should be cautious when adding words, and we should "cherish words like gold", and only when the original meaning of the words cannot be clearly expressed without adding them, can we add them.

4 Limitations. In contrast to "addition", a limitation means that individual words in the original text can be deleted without translation. Some expressions and some imaginary words in classical Chinese are no longer used in modern Chinese, and there is no similar syntactic structure and corresponding hypothetical words.

5 Reservations. Retention means that some words in the original text can be left untranslated and directly retained in the translation.

All words with the same meaning in ancient and modern times, especially many basic words, such as people, cows, mountains, grass, etc., can of course be retained without translation; Words that denote ancient things that have disappeared, such as names of people, countries, historical places, nationalities and official names, year names, nicknames, special titles, special academic terms, and even technical terms, can generally be retained without translation.

Of the five specific methods mentioned above, translation is the most basic, and the others are adjusted on the basis of translation according to the specific situation. We should flexibly use various methods in today's translation, so as to not only accurately translate the content of the original text, but also to write smoothly and conform to the grammatical norms and expression habits of modern Chinese.