What are the places referred to in ancient times?

Hanshan County is "Wu head and Chu tail" in ancient times, because of "the mountain is overwhelming", the past dynasties are the place where the soldiers must fight, so there are many passes to Jin, known as "three passes and six mouths".

Three passes: Zhaoguan.

It is located in the north of the county, west of Xiaoxian Mountain, and is a famous pass in ancient times. When King Chuping (422 B.C.), Wu Zixu fled to Wu State, sneaked through this pass, and was in a hurry overnight. The ruins of Guguan still exist, in 1989 the county ** proposed to repair, after several twists and turns, to the end of 1995 completion.

It is a city tower that integrates the ancestral hall. The original "Wuhou Temple" was renamed "Wuxiang Temple".

Dong guan. Located on the bank of the Yuxi River 39 kilometers south of the county, it was called "Wet Whisker Dock", "Yanyue City" and "Dongxing Embankment" in the past, and was a famous water point in ancient times. In addition to the fact that a part of the Wuxi dock has become an embankment, there are still relics such as Cao Cao's "Dianjiangtai" and "Sanma Beach".

Steep Yang Pass. Formerly known as "Steep Ridge Pass", it is located 3 kilometers north of Juxingji, and is the only way for Qingxi to lead to Xianji, Yao Temple, and Weizi Bridge (Chaoxian Border), which is formed by natural ravines. Today, the steep yang pass is still the main road between the north and the south.

Six mouths: Yuxian mouth.

Located 13 kilometers west of the county, it is the only way to Luzhou from Hezhou. In 1959, a reservoir was built here, and the Changheng Highway passed through this port, and it is still the fortress of north-south traffic in the county.

Shimen Pass. Also known as the mountain pass string, it is located in the Shimen Mountain Canyon in the south of the county. There is a circle gate in the original mountain pass. In the mid-fifties of the twentieth century, the circle gate collapsed, and the ancient road of the tower passed through the mouth, and the old relics did not exist.

Fangshan Pass. Located 25 kilometers south of the county, it is the main road leading to the forest head through the thatched ridge of the county seat. This mouth is close to the mountains and rivers, the terrain is precipitous, and it is the place where the soldiers of all dynasties must fight. Today, the Maolin Highway passes through the mouth.

Stone wall mouth. It is located 8 kilometers east of the county. Legend has it that during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, after the Chu general Wu Zixu escaped the Zhao Pass, this is the second pass he passed.

The mountains here are deep and the valleys are secluded, the terrain is dangerous, and there is indeed the trend of "the mountain rises from the human face, and the horse is born next to the clouds" at the pass. The slope is steep and the road is slippery, the travel is difficult, and the folk spread that "Zhaoguan is good, and the stone wall is difficult". In 1958, a reservoir was built on the stone wall string.

Today, you can still find the remains of the ancient road.

Hanayama Pass. Also known as Mulinguan, it is located in the flower mountain of 3 kilometers south of the county, and is the only way to Zhanggong and the south of the county. It is said that during the Hongwu period, this mouth was the east gate of Wang Fuma's house. Now it is the throat road from the county seat to Zhang Gong.

Haizikou. It is an important water outlet on the Yuxi River in the county. In 1995, a section of the new river was excavated under Dongguan, so that the channel of the Qianhe River was straight, and it was directly connected to the Yellow Pheasant River without passing through Haizikou, and Haizikou was only the main water channel of the Houhe River from then on.

Hangu Pass, Yumen Pass, Tongguan Pass. They are in the three checkpoints in the north of Chang'an City. The three passes are the checkpoints set up in ancient times to prevent the ethnic minorities from the north from going south to the capital, and the meaning is similar to that of the Great Wall.

Among them, there is a city defense line of more than 60 meters at the Tongguan checkpoint, which can be seen in the northwest of Tongguan now. Hangu Pass is gone. Yumen Pass is the dividing line and defense level between the Western Regions and ancient China.

There are heavy troops in the three levels, and the city defense settings of the three levels are more perfect than those in the imperial capital Luoyang. The flint did not hurt at all, and under the economy at that time 40 percent of the treasury was so much.

Refers to: Jiayu Pass, Yangguan, Juyong Pass.

Jiayu Pass, Shanhaiguan, Juyong Pass.

There are three yangs in the hands, three yangs in the feet (yangming, sun, and shaoyang), and the six meridians, which are called the six yangs. The six yang meridians are all gathered in the head, so it is also called the head of the six yang or the head of the six yang, the head of the six yang.

Outside the mouth, it refers to the area north of the Great Wall. It is also called "Koubei".

From ancient times to the present day, it is the same. For example:

In the Yuan Dynasty, Sun Zhongzhang's fourth fold of "Survey of the Turban": "Zhao Lingshi bent the law and became a prison, with a hundred rods, and the people outside the mouth." ”

Qing Dynasty, Ji Yun's "Reading Wei Caotang Notes: Gu Delusion Listening III": "Wen'an has a mercenary from Gubeikou, and he has not asked for a long time. His parents were in a famine, and they were also eating outside the mouth and looking for their children. I didn't ask for a long time. ”

In modern times, Guo Xiaochuan's poem No. 2 of "The Legend of the King of the Open Hearth": "Don't look at us as a farmer outside the mouth, the red dates and horses outside the mouth are worthy of their reputation." ”

The general name of the six departments refers to the officials, households, rituals, soldiers, criminals, and workers.

The position was divided by Jiuqing in the Qin and Han dynasties, and after the Wei and Jin dynasties, Shangshu divided Cao Zhishi, Cao gradually became a ministry, and the Sui and Tang dynasties began to determine that the six departments were part of Shangshu Province. The six departments of officials, households, rites, soldiers, criminals, and workers were compared with the six officials of the "Zhou Li", and most of the positions of the Qin and Han dynasties were merged.

The three provinces and six ministries are a system that has been developed and formed for a long time since the Western Han Dynasty. Among them, Shangshu Province was formed in the Eastern Han Dynasty (then known as Shangshutai); The Zhongshu Province and the Menxia Province were formed during the Three Kingdoms with the aim of dividing and limiting the power of the Shangshu Province. In the process of development, the organizational form and power have evolved, and it was not until the Sui Dynasty that it was neatly unified into three provinces and six ministries, which were mainly in charge of the formulation, review and implementation of government decrees and policies.

Ministry of Officials: In charge of the appointment, dismissal, and evaluation of civil officials. It is equivalent to the current organization department and personnel department.

Military Department: in charge of military orders, military administration, conscription, military registration and military status of officers and soldiers, appointment and dismissal, selection, assessment, rewards and punishments of military attachés, post stations, equipment, ordnance, honor guards, territory surveying and mapping, and horse administration. It is equivalent to the current Ministry of National Defense, the General Staff under the Military Commission and the General Headquarters, the Ministry of Communications, the Ministry of Security, the Post Office, the first hospitality agency, the surveying and mapping department and other departments.

Ministry of Rites: In charge of examinations, school education, ceremonial music, sacrifices, banquet food, casting seals, canonization, national Buddhist and Taoist affairs, as well as the canonization and entertainment of ethnic minorities. It is equivalent to the current Ministry of Education, Propaganda Department, Ministry of Culture, Ethnic Affairs Commission, Food Supervision Department, General Administration of Press and Publication, Religious Affairs Bureau, and other departments.

Criminal Department: in charge of criminal law, prisoners, review, arrest, etc. It is equivalent to the comprehensive functions of the current High People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security, and the Ministry of Justice.

Household Department: In charge of the nation's household registration, fiscal revenue and budget, land register, minting currency, taxation, etc. It is equivalent to the current Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Land and Resources, the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the Central Bank, the State Administration of Taxation, the Audit Office and the household registration management department of the Ministry of Public Security.

Ministry of Industry: In charge of the country's engineering construction, Tuntian water conservancy, mountain and forest hunting, ordnance manufacturing, miscellaneous products manufacturing, etc. It is equivalent to the functions of the current Ministry of Construction, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Water Resources, the Food Bureau and the departments of large manufacturing state-owned enterprises.

Sanwu refers to Wu County, Wuxing County and Huiji County. It refers to a region in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and refers to the most important geographical area of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties. There are two types: narrow and broad.

In a narrow sense, it refers to the three counties of Wu, Wuxing, and Huiji, and Huiji is the core of the three Wu. In addition to the three counties of Wu, Wuxing and Huiji, the broad sense also includes some other counties. After the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the "Three Wu" frequently appeared in the history books.

The poems about Sanwu are described as follows:

1, Song Liuyong's "Looking at the Sea Tide, Southeast Shape Victory" "The southeast shape wins, the three Wu metropolises, and Qiantang has been prosperous since ancient times. ”

2, the Republic *** "A Mountain Flying to the Riverside" "The clouds cross the nine factions of floating yellow cranes, and the three Wu smoke rises under the waves. ”

3. One of the poems of Song Su Shi's "Traveling with Meng Zhen to Changzhou Monk's House": "Over the years, I have realized that this life is floating, and I have made a romantic trip to Sanwu." ”

The theory of the Three Wu Dynasty originated late, referring to the ruling center of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties after the Jin Dynasty crossed to the south, that is, the three counties of Wu County, Wu Xing, and Huiji at that time. Since these three counties are all separated from the same Huiji county, the three counties are collectively called "Sanwu".

Since then, the theory of the Three Wu has frequently appeared in the history books, but the three Wu refers to it is constantly changing. For example, in the Tang Dynasty, Wu County, Wu Xing, and Danyang County were the three Wu. In the Song Dynasty, Suzhou (Eastern Wu), Changzhou (Central Wu), and Huzhou (Western Wu) were the three prefectures of Wu.

And Liu Yong described Hangzhou in "Wanghai Tide: Southeast Shape Victory": Southeast Shape Victory, Sanwu Metropolis, Qiantang has been prosperous since ancient times.

Therefore, Sanwu generally refers to today's southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang, that is, the Jiangnan region in a narrow sense.

After the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the "Three Wu" frequently appeared in the history books. As for which region it refers to, later generations have different statements. These statements can be summarized as follows:

1. From the relevant records in the "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms" and the "Book of Jin", it seems that Wu Jun, Wu Xing, and Huiji of the "Water Jing Note" are the earliest and most accurate statements. That is, Wu County, Wu Xing County, Huiji County and other three county jurisdictions, because these three counties are separated from the same Huiji County, so the three county areas are collectively called "three Wu".

In the twelfth year of Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty, one Wu also, and then divided into three, the world name three Wu, Wu Xing, Wu County, Huiji Qi Yan ("Water Jing Note, Gradual River Note") "Three Kingdoms Wu Wei Zhao has "Three Wu County National Chronicles", its book has been lost for a long time, and the "three Wu" referred to is unknown.

2. In the "General Dictionary" and the Tang "Yuanhe County Chronicles", Wu County, Wuxing and Danyang County are called the three Wu. "Qin Zhi Huiji County ......Han was also Huiji County, and Emperor Shun divided Wu County. The Jin and Song dynasties were also Wu counties, and Wuxing and Danyang were the three Wus. ”

3. Tang Liang said that "Ten Roads and Four Fan Chronicles" takes Wu County, Wu Xing, and Yixing as the three Wu. "Hanzhi Wu County; Wu Fen Wu County is placed in Wu Xing County; Jin is divided into Wuxing and Danyang Yixing County, which is the three Wu". According to the beginning of Yixing in the Jin Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms should not have been called the Three Wu.

4. Song Shui Anli's "Geographical Finger Map of the Past Dynasties" takes Suzhou (Eastern Wu), Changzhou (Zhongwu) and Huzhou (Western Wu) as the three states.

5. Ming Zhouqi's "Nominal Examination" takes Suzhou as Dongwu, Runzhou as Zhongwu, and Huzhou as Xiwu, which is a later theory.

Changzhou area.

Since the Western Jin Dynasty, Changzhou has always been the seat of county governance and government governance, and has the reputation of "three Wu important towns, eight yi capitals" in different periods

1.Toponym. Jin refers to Wu Xing, Wu Jun, and Huiji.

2.Toponym. Tang refers to Wuxing, Wujun, and Danyang.

3.Toponym. Song refers to Suzhou, Changzhou and Huzhou.

4.It generally refers to the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

Sanwu Sanwu: The name of an ancient region. Wu Weizhao of the Three Kingdoms has "Sanwu County National Chronicles", and its book has been lost for a long time, and the "Three Wu" referred to is not hesitant.

From the relevant records in the "Chronicles of the Two Kingdoms" and the "Book of Jin", it seems that when Wu County, Wu Xing, and Wu Hui in the "Notes on the Water Classic" are the three Wus, and Wu Jun, Wu Xing, and Danyang in the "General Dictionary" and "Yuanhe County Chronicles" are the three Wus, the two statements are more in line with the original meaning. Tang Liang said that "Ten Roads and Four Fan Chronicles" takes Wu Jun, Wu Xing, and Yixing as the three Wu. According to the beginning of Yixing in the Jin Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms should not have been called the Three Wu.

As for Song Shui Anli's "Geographical Finger Map of the Past Dynasties", the three prefectures of Suzhou, Chang, and Hu are the three Wus, and the "Nominal Examination" of the Ming and Zhou Qi uses Suzhou as the Eastern Wu, Runzhou as the Central Wu, and Huzhou as the Western Wu, which is a later theory. - Ci Hai".

Is it related to Yang Liulang's three passes?

Three passes: Waqiao Pass (now Xiong County), Yijin Pass (now Bazhou), Sikou Pass (now Yongqing). And these three passes are on the south bank of the Baigou River, and not too far from the north bank of Baigou is Liao's territory. The white ditch traverses the east and west, becoming the dividing line of the confrontation between the Song and Liao sides.

Yiyang Sanguan, the main pass of the Dabie Mountains, refers to Wusheng Pass, Jiuli Pass, Pingjing Pass, located in Xinyang City, Henan Province, at the junction of South Henan and Hubei Provinces. The three passes are the north-south traffic arteries and military important places. Because Xinyang was the county of Yiyang during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, it was called "Yiyang Three Passes".

There are ancient arrow towers, forts and modern pillboxes, trenches and other buildings in the three passes. Since the 50s of the 20th century, Sanguan has been covered with pine and fir forests, orchards, bamboo gardens and tea gardens, lush greenery, and the scenery is very magnificent.

Waqiao Pass (now Xiong County), Yijin Pass (now Bazhou), Sikou Pass (now Yongqing.

Wusheng Pass, Jiuli Pass, Pingjing Pass.

"Three Palaces", also known as "Later Three Palaces", refers to the Qianqing Palace where the emperor lives, the Kunning Palace where the empress lives, and the Jiaotai Palace located between the Qianqing Palace and the Kunning Palace. "Six Courtyards" refers to "Six Palaces on the East Road" and "Six Palaces on the West Road".

There are six palaces on the east and west roads of the three palaces, and the six palaces on the east road are Jingren Palace, Chengqian Palace, Zhongcui Palace, Jingyang Palace, Yonghe Palace and Yanxi Palace; "Six Palaces on the West Road" are: Yongshou Palace, Yikun Palace, Chuxiu Palace, Xianfu Palace, Changchun Palace, Taiji Palace (Qixiang Palace). Because each palace is a courtyard pattern building, it is called "East Sixth Courtyard" and "West Sixth Courtyard".

The Forbidden City was the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties. From the point of view of the architectural layout, it is in accordance with the ancient so-called "front and back bed" regulations, the outer dynasty is the "big inner Zhengya", and the internal relocation is the so-called "three palaces and six courtyards". The Empress is in the center (Kunning Palace).

There are six palaces in the east and west (the buildings in the palace are mostly built in nine, and six is not used here, which is obviously in line with the saying of "six palaces after the establishment").

Qianqing Palace, Jiaotai Palace, Kunning Palace.

Six palaces on the east road: Zhai Palace, Jingren Palace, Chengqian Palace, Yikun Palace, Jingyang Palace and Yonghe Palace; The Chuxiu Palace, Yikun Palace, Yongshou Palace, Changchun Palace, Weifu Palace and Chonghua Palace of the Six Palaces on the West Road.

According to "Guangxu. The Chronicles of Continuation Jun County recorded: "The Yi is divided into twenty-one and four directions.

In the eighth year of Guangxu, Huang Jing of Zhixian County compiled and checked Baojia, and each institute was set up, and each village was set up in a village. "Sifang" refers to Dongxiang, Nanxiang, Xixiang, and Beixiang. There are 21 townships in the east, west, north and south.

According to the provisions of the armor protection system during the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, the county was divided into "four parties", and the four parties governed 21 offices, 21 of which governed 613 villages, each with 1 person in charge and 1 person in each village. The crossing is organized as a "place", which is under the jurisdiction of Nanxiang. There are 15 villages under the jurisdiction of Daokou, namely:

Toupu, Erpu, Sanpu, Sipu, Wupu, Liupu, Dongguan, Beixindian, Xiguan, Nanguan, Sanjiacun, Shenwan, Liyuan, Wu Ferry, Shochu Camp. "So" and "shop" were the names of the administrative divisions at that time, and the sojo was equivalent to the current township, and the shop was equivalent to the current neighborhood committee and village committee. Such as:

Dongguan Neighborhood Committee, Five-Star Village Committee. It is not like some people understand that "shop" refers specifically to "martial arts" and "martial arts".

How to explain the "Three Gates, Six Shops, and Nine General Assembly"? "Three passes" are: Dongguan, Xiguan, Nanguan, "six shops" namely:

The first shop, the second shop, the third shop, the fourth shop, the fifth shop, the sixth shop. It adds up to nine village-level administrative divisions, and the martial arts clubs in different administrative divisions add the name of the administrative division where they are located in front. Liang is like that:

The first shop martial arts club, the second shop martial arts club, etc.

Compared with the current district name, the first shop is in Wharf Street and Shunbei Street, the second shop is in Lion Lane Street and Shunnan Street, the third shop is in Yiyi Street and Shangxiakou Street, the fourth shop is in Ximen Street, the fifth shop is in Nanmen Street, and the sixth shop is in Foot Power Street.

Why is there no North Pass? Because, the Beixin store replaced the Beiguan. Why is it called "Beixin Store"?

According to investigation: the name of "Xindian" appeared earlier, and it was not a place name at the beginning, but only referred to the inn that was specially used for the accommodation of the carriages and horses and pedestrians who transported goods such as pulling feet and catching cars, and it was mostly located outside the city or next to the official road where the traffic and people came and went, and the yard was spacious, which was obviously different from the inn and inn in the downtown area of the city. The store is equipped with open sheds, manchus, pots and stoves and other facilities and equipment for feeding livestock and convenient accommodation, and guests can make their own fires for cooking.

The general facilities are simple, the service staff and service items are few, so the fees are low, that is, the later called "dry (dry) shop" or carriage and horse shop. In the long run, "Xindian" has become a place name that is convenient for the masses to identify.

There are many place names called "Xindian" in the north of our country, and some of them are prefixed according to the location, characteristics or the surname of the shopkeeper, such as "Dongxindian" in Chaoyang District, Beijing, "Changxindian" in the southwest suburbs of Beijing, "Wangxindian" in Anyang County, Henan Province, "Daxindian" in Shunping County, Hebei Province, and so on.

The reason why it is emphasized that the place name of "Xindian" is mostly in the "north of our country", because in ancient times, the Yangtze River area used water transportation for long-cover frontal transportation, and the transport ship itself could be used for the accommodation of the shipowner, cargo owner and escort personnel, so it was rare to open "Xindian" on the land to make a profit.