What are the components of organic matter in chemistry?

There are many types of organic matter, which can be divided into two categories: hydrocarbons and derivatives of hydrocarbons, and according to the different functional groups contained in organic molecules, they are divided into alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons and alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, esters, etc.

The classification of organic matter is complex and varied, so you can take a look.

Introduction to the Classification section.

Organics generally refer to carbon-containing compounds, but in addition to carbon dioxide and carbonates.

Organic compounds include: fats, amino acids, proteins, sugars, heme, chlorophyll, enzymes, hormones, oil, natural gas, cotton, dyes, chemical fibers, plastics, plexiglass, natural and synthetic drugs, etc.

In a narrow sense, organic compounds mainly refer to compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen elements, which must be carbon-containing compounds, but do not include carbon oxides and sulfides, carbonic acid, carbonates, cyanides, thiocyanides, carbides, carboranes, carbonyl** genus, metal-organic ligand complexes without M-C bonds, and some metal-organic compounds (substances containing M-C bonds) and other carbon-containing substances mainly studied in inorganic chemistry.

Organic matter is the material basis for the production of life, and all living organisms contain organic compounds, such as fats, amino acids, proteins, sugars, heme, chlorophyll, enzymes, hormones, etc. The metabolism of organisms and the genetic phenomena of organisms are involved in the transformation of organic compounds. In addition, many substances that are closely related to human life, such as oil, natural gas, cotton, dyes, chemical fibers, plastics, plexiglass, natural and synthetic drugs, etc., are closely related to organic compounds.

The classification of organic compounds refers to the classification of relatives according to the carbon frame, and the other is the classification of functional groups. According to the classification of carbon frames, open-chain compounds (also known as aliphatic compounds) carbon atoms are connected to each other to form a chain, carbon ring compounds, carbon atoms are linked to each other to form a ring, aliphatic cyclic compounds, a class of carbon ring compounds with similar properties to aliphatic compounds, aromatic compounds, and a class of carbon ring compounds with aromatic properties.

Classification of organic compoundsAccording to the classification of functional groups, hydrocarbons, organic compounds composed of only two atoms, carbon and hydrogen, derivatives of hydrocarbons, products created after one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon molecule are replaced by other atoms or clusters, the unique chemical properties of derivatives of various hydrocarbons are mainly determined by these atoms or clusters, and functional groups determine the atoms or clusters of atoms that determine the chemical characteristics of organic compounds.