The difference between side effects and toxic reactions, the similarities and differences between to

Refers to the manifestations that occur within the normal dose of medication that are not related to the purpose of the drug. "The *** of the drug" is also called the side reaction of the drug, which refers to other effects that are unrelated to the purpose of the drug when the drug is taken in a normal dose. These effects are also part of its pharmacological effects, for example, atropine has the effect of relieving spasm of gastrointestinal muscle tissue, and also has the effect of expanding the hole; When patients take atropine** gastrointestinal pain, it is easy to have blurred vision***.

Adverse drug reactions include the magnitude of the drug

reactions), which also include the toxic effects of drugs (toxic reactions), etc.; Adverse effects are only a subset of adverse drug reactions.

Toxic reactions, also known as toxic effects, refer to the pathological changes in the body's more severe functional disorders caused by drugs. It is generally caused by the individual differences of patients, pathological status, and increased sensitivity caused by the use of other drugs. Those drugs with strong pharmacological effects and a dose close to the toxic dose are easy to cause toxic reactions.

In addition, patients with liver and kidney insufficiency, the elderly and children are prone to toxic reactions. A small number of people are too sensitive to the effect of the drug, and the patient's own liver and kidney function are abnormal, and the symptoms that only appear when others overdose can occur in the regular ** dosage range. Toxicity often refers to the more serious adverse reactions caused by excessive drug use.

Of course, since most of the drugs are metabolized by the liver and excreted by the kidneys, normal doses can also cause abnormal liver and kidney function, which can become hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, which should be regarded as adverse reactions, that is, ***.

One concept is big, the other is small. Toxic reactions are more serious side effects. If there is an indication for the use of the drug.

The dosage meets the requirements, and the negative reaction is serious, and the toxicity is a toxic reaction.

Toxic reactions, also known as toxic effects, refer to the serious functional disorders and histopathological changes caused by drugs. It is usually caused by the increase in sensitivity caused by individual differences in patients, pathological conditions, or the combination of other drugs. Those drugs with strong pharmacological effects and ** dosage close to the toxic dose are prone to cause toxic reactions.

In addition, patients with liver and kidney insufficiency, the elderly, and children are prone to toxic reactions. A small number of people are too sensitive to the effect of drugs, or their own liver and kidney functions are abnormal, and the symptoms that only appear when others overdose can appear in the regular ** dosage range.

Drug*** is the most common adverse drug reaction, which refers to the effect of the drug at **dose that is not related to the purpose. It can cause discomfort or distress to the patient, and is generally mild, mostly functional changes that can be restored, and disappear when the drug is stopped. The resulting pharmacological basis is the low selectivity of the drug action and the wide range of action.

When a certain effect of the drug is used for the purpose of ***, other effects become ***, which shows that *** is the inherent effect of the drug. With a certain drug, the disease must be used, so that *** will also appear, which is inevitable.

Answer]: a, b, c, d, e

This question examines the causes of drug toxicity. Toxic causes include: containing toxic groups; Produces non-** effects on non-binding targets (including non-** sites binding to targets, ** sites or non-** sites binding to non-targets); inhibition of HERG; Metabolic effects (including inhibition and induction of liver enzymes, strong toxicity of metabolites).

The *** of the drug refers to other effects that are not related to the purpose of the drug when the drug is taken in normal doses, and these effects are also part of its pharmacological effects. Adverse drug reactions include the toxicity of drugs, as well as the toxic effects of drugs; The *** of the drug is only a part of the adverse drug reaction. Under normal circumstances, the degree of drug is mild, and if someone has a very serious degree, it is necessary to consider switching to other drugs.

Why do people choose to die so easily?

Why do some people choose to avoid the problem instead of facing the problem, but this so-called escape is sacrificing their own lives? ,.. under normal circumstancesLose your mind, that's the most important thing, don't you think it's stupid to think about it in hindsight!

It's not confidence in biochemistry, it's not confidence in life, because he has lived to the end!

Yes yes d no, it's best to ask a doctor.