The concept of hydrocarbon derivatives, for example

Hydrogen atoms in hydrocarbon molecules can be replaced by other atoms or clusters of atoms to derive a new series of compounds, which can be considered derivatives of hydrocarbons.

1. The derivatives of hydrocarbons are:

A series of compounds formed by the replacement of hydrogen atoms or groups of atoms in hydrocarbon molecules are called derivatives of hydrocarbons, in which other atoms or clusters of atoms that substitute hydrogen atoms make the derivatives of hydrocarbons have special properties different from those of the corresponding hydrocarbons, which are called functional groups. On the basis of not changing the molecular structure of the hydrocarbon itself, a general term is a general term for a class of organic substances that replace a part of the hydrogen atoms on the hydrocarbon with other atoms or functional groups.

2. Main oxygen-containing derivatives.

The product of one or several hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon molecule being replaced by a hydroxyl group is called an alcohol (if the hydrogen atom on the benzene ring is replaced by a hydroxyl group, the product belongs to phenols). According to the number of hydroxyl groups in the alcohol molecule, it can be divided into monoalcohol, dialcohol, ternary alcohol, etc., and according to the different hydrocarbon groups in the alcohol molecule, it can be divided into saturated alcohol, unsaturated alcohol and aromatic alcohol. Due to the position of the carbon atom attached to the hydroxyl group, it can be divided into primary alcohols such as.

ch3)3coh。Alcohols are generally neutral, lower alcohols are soluble in water, and polyols have a sweet taste. The chemical properties of alcohols mainly include oxidation reaction, esterification reaction, dehydration reaction, reaction with hydrohalide acid, reaction with active metals, etc.

Explanation of derivatives.

derivative]

A simpler compound contains atoms or clusters of atoms that are replaced by other atoms or clusters of atoms to produce complex compounds that are more complex than the cavities.

Word decomposition Interpretation of derivation Derivation ǎ prolong, develop: derivation. Derive from.

Derivation. Zhanyan. Round and perfunctory.

Derivative. Superfluous (referring to text): Yanwen (extra words and phrases in books due to scripting, stereotyping, and typographical errors).

Low and flat land: Yanwo (flat land and fertile land. Also known as "Woyan").

Number of strokes:; Explanation of Biology Living objects have the ability to grow, develop, reproduce, etc., and can exchange substances with their surroundings through metabolism. Animals, plants, and microorganisms are all living creatures, and forest creatures only have a few oak goshawks hovering in the sky, and they can't see the creatures next to them.

Meng Jiangnu explains in detail. Refers to everything in nature.

What are the derivatives of hydrocarbons? _?

In terms of composition, in addition to containing C and H elements, there are one or more elements such as O, X (halogen), N, S and so on, such as methanol (CH3OH), ethanol (C2H5OH), acetic acid (CH3COOH) and methyl chloride (CH3Cl) and nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2) mentioned in the previous chapter.

Why benzene ring is a derivative of hydrocarbons.

Hydrocarbons: pronounced tīng, are organic compounds composed of two elements, carbon and hydrogen, called hydrocarbons, also known as hydrocarbons. It reacts with chlorine, bromine, oxygen, etc., to form derivatives of hydrocarbons.

For example, methane and chlorine react under light conditions to form derivatives such as methylene chloride, methylene chloride, chloroform and tetrachloroform (carbon tetrachloride). The concepts of derivatives are hydrocarbons and chlorine.

What are the derivatives of hydrocarbons.

After learning about hydrocarbons, we know that the hydrogen atom in the hydrocarbon molecule can be replaced by other atoms to form other substances, such as the hydrogen atom in the methane molecule is replaced by the chlorine atom to form methyl chloride, and the hydrogen atom in the benzene molecule is replaced by nitro to form nitrobenzene. Thus, the hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon molecule are replaced by other atoms or clusters of atoms, and a new series of organic compounds can be generated. These organic compounds, structurally speaking, can be regarded as derived from hydrocarbons, so they are called derivatives of hydrocarbons.

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Why is toluene not a derivative of hydrocarbons?

Hydrocarbons: pronounced tīng, are organic compounds composed of two elements, carbon and hydrogen, called hydrocarbons, also known as hydrocarbons. It reacts with chlorine, bromine, oxygen, etc., to form derivatives of hydrocarbons.

For example, methane and chlorine react under light conditions to form derivatives such as methylene chloride, methylene chloride, chloroform and tetrachloroform (carbon tetrachloride). The concept of derivatives is hydrocarbons and reaction products such as chlorine, bromine, oxygen, etc. While toluene is not methyl and benzene, she is an overall noun that is an aromatic hydrocarbon.

It is also known as aromatic hydrocarbon synthesis. Generally, there are one or more hexacyte rings (benzene rings) with special structures. The simplest aromatic hydrocarbons are benzene, toluene, xylene.

Then there are naphthenic hydrocarbons. As the name suggests, it is a ring-like structure. The most common is a ring of five or six carbon atoms, the former called cyclopentane and the latter called cyclohexane.

The general formula of the molecular formula of naphthenes is CNH2N. Naphthenes are also known as naphthenic hydrocarbons. and alkanes.

It is a chain hydrocarbon linked by a single bond between carbon atoms. Due to the difference in the number of atoms of carbon and hydrogen that make up hydrocarbons, the result is that petroleum contains hydrocarbon molecules of very different sizes. Alkanes are named according to the number of carbon atoms contained in the molecule, the number of carbon atoms is less than 10, from 1 to 10 it is expressed by A, B, C, D, E, HEX, HEP, octane, nonane, and the number of carbon atoms is more than 11.

Derivatives of hydrocarbons include alcohols, ketones, acids, aldehydes, fatty acids, esters, etc

These organic compounds are products obtained by different forms of chemical reactions on alkyl groups.

1. Alcohol

Alcohols are a class of hydroxyl hydrocarbons that contain -OH functional groups in their molecules. Common alcohols are ethanol, methanol, propanol, etc. Alcohols can be obtained by alcoholization reactions, oxidation reactions, alkylation reactions, etc.

2. Ketones

Ketones are organic compounds containing one or more carbonyl groups with c=o functional groups in the molecule. Common ketones are acetone, methyl isobutanone, pentanone, etc. Ketones can be obtained by carbonyl addition reaction, carbonyl reduction reaction, aldehyde condensation reaction, etc.

3. Acid

Acids are organic compounds containing one or more carboxyl groups and the molecule contains a -COOH functional group. Common organic acids are formic acid, acetic acid, benzoic acid, etc. Acids can be obtained by the oxidation reaction of saturated hydrocarbons, the hydroxylation reaction of olefins, the reduction reaction of carboxylic acids, etc.

4. Aldehydes

Aldehydes are organic compounds containing carbonyl groups that contain -c=o functional groups in their molecules. Common aldehydes are formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, butyraldehyde, etc. Aldehydes can be obtained by oxidation of hydrocarbons, carbonyl addition reactions, etc.

5. Fatty acids

Fatty acids are a class of long-chain saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acids that contain a -COOH functional group in their molecules. Common fatty acids are palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, etc. Fatty acids can be obtained by hydrocracking of lipids or reduction of carboxylic acids.

6. Esters

An ester is an organic compound containing one or more ester groups that contains a -co-o- functional group in the molecule. Common esters are ethyl acetate, tert-butyl ester, methyl oleate, etc. Esters can be obtained by the condensation reaction of alcohols and acids, dehydration reactions, etc.

7. Summary:

There are many types of derivatives of hydrocarbons, including alcohols, ketones, acids, aldehydes, fatty acids, esters, etc. These organic compounds are obtained by performing different forms of chemical reactions on alkyl groups. These organic compounds have a wide range of applications in the industry and daily life.

Derivatives of hydrocarbons include alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, alkyne groups, alkylbenzene and halogenated hydrocarbons, among others. These derivatives can introduce other functional groups through chemical reactions such as substitution reactions, addition reactions, etc., to form more complex organic compounds.

Hydrocarbons are a class of organic compounds that are made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms. Derivatives of hydrocarbons include the following:

Alkyl group: An alkyl group is a free radical formed by the removal of one hydrogen atom from an alkane molecule, and other functional groups can also be introduced on the alkane molecule through a substitution reaction. For example, methyl (CH3), ethyl (C2H5), etc.

Methyl. Alkene: There are one or more double bonds in an olefin molecule that can introduce other functional groups on the double bond by addition reaction. For example, vinyl (C2H3), propylene (C3H5), etc.

Alkyne high base: There are one or more triple bonds in the alkyne molecule, on which other functional groups can be introduced by addition reaction. For example, acetylenyl (C2H).

Acetylenyl. Alkylbenzene: Alkylbenzene is a chemical compound formed by the substitution of one or more hydrogen atoms on a benzene ring by an alkyl group. For example, methylbenzene (C6H5CH3), ethylbenzene (C6H5C2H5) wax file, etc.

Halogenated hydrocarbons: Halogenated hydrocarbons are compounds formed by the substitution of one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon molecule with halogens (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine). For example, methyl chloride (CH3Cl), ethyl bromide (C2H5BR), etc.