Why does graphene conduct electricity and is graphene conductive?

Layered structure, there is a large electron flow bond (formed by sp hybrid orbital) between the layers, there are freely moving electrons in the bond, and if there is a voltage, the electrons will flow in a certain direction to form a current. So it conducts electricity.

He is the p-orbital of many carbon atoms overlapping each other to form a delocalized bond, and the electrons of each p-orbital can operate in its common orbital, that is, it can move directionally under the action of electric current, and meets the conditions of conduction, so it will conduct electricity.

Solid metals have no ions and don't they also conduct electricity? Conducts electricity by free electrons. Each carbon atom is surrounded by three other carbon atoms. Since each carbon atom emits an electron, which can move freely, graphite is a conductor of electricity.

We are the producer of graphene conductive engineering plastic granulation.

The advent of graphene has caused a research boom all over the world. Not only is it one of the thinnest known materials, but it is also very strong and hard; As an element, it transfers electrons at room temperature faster than any known conductor. Graphene has a very specific structure at the atomic scale and must be depicted by relativistic quantum physics.

The structure of graphene is very stable, and so far, researchers have not found any missing carbon atoms in graphene. The connections between the individual carbon atoms in graphene are very flexible, and when an external mechanical force is applied, the carbon atom surface is bent and deformed, so that the carbon atoms do not have to be rearranged to adapt to the external force, and the structure is stable.

This stable lattice structure gives the carbon atom excellent electrical conductivity. As the electrons in graphene move through orbitals, they are not scattered due to lattice defects or the introduction of foreign atoms. Due to the very strong interatomic forces, even if the surrounding carbon atoms collide at room temperature, the electrons in graphene are disturbed very little.

The greatest characteristic of graphene is that the speed of electrons in it reaches 1 300 of the speed of light, which far exceeds the speed of electrons in a general conductor. This makes the electrons in graphene, or more accurately, the "electric charge carrier", very similar in nature to relativistic neutrinos.

Graphene is electrically conductive. The coordination number of the carbon atom in graphene is 3, the bond length between each two adjacent carbon atoms is meters, and the angle between the bonds is 120°. In addition to the honeycomb layered structure in which the bonds are linked to other carbon atoms to form hexagonal rings, the pz orbitals of each carbon atom perpendicular to the plane of the layer can form large bonds of polyatoms that penetrate the entire layer (with benzene rings.

similar), so it has excellent electrical conductivity and optical panicle properties.

Properties: Graphene is almost completely transparent and absorbs only light; Thermal conductivity.

Up to 5,300 W (m·k), which is higher than carbon nanotubes and diamonds.

Its electron mobility is more than 15,000 cm2 (v·s) at room temperature, and it is higher than that of carbon nanotubes or silicon crystals, and its resistivity.

It is only about 10-6 ·cm, which is lower than copper or silver, and is currently the smallest resistivity material in the world.

Because of its extremely low resistivity and extremely fast movement of electrons, it is expected to be used to develop a new generation of electronic devices or transistors that are thinner and faster to conduct electricity.

Graphite is a type of elemental carbonAllotropesEach carbon atom is surrounded by three other carbon atoms, arranged in a honeycomb pattern of multiple hexagons. Since each carbon atom emits an electron, those electrons are able to move freely, so they are electrically conductive.

Graphite is an allotrope of carbon, which is gray-black, opaque solid, chemically stable, corrosion-resistant, and not easy to react with acids, alkalis and other agents. Carbon dioxide is burned in oxygen.

It can be used by strong oxidizing agents such as concentrated nitric acid and potassium permanganate.

and so oxidation. <>

Introduction

Graphite is a transitional crystal between atomic, metallic, and molecular crystals. In the crystal, the carbon atoms in the same layer are hybridized with sp2 to form covalent bonds.

Each carbon atom is connected to three other carbon atoms, and the six carbon atoms form regular hexagonal rings in the same plane, stretching to form a lamellar structure.

The carbon atoms in the same plane each have one p orbital left, and they overlap each other to form a delocalized bond.

Electrons can move freely in the crystal lattice and can be excited, so graphite has a metallic luster, which can conduct electricity and transfer heat. Due to the large distance between the layers, the binding force (van der Waals force.

Small, the layers can slide, so the density of graphite is higher than that of diamond.

Small, soft and creamy.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - Graphite.

Because graphite contains a free-moving charge, the charge moves freely after being energized, forming an electric current, so it can conduct electricity.

The reasons why graphite conducts electricity are as follows:

Graphite is a layered structure with van der Waals forces between layers.

Interaction, which has the characteristics of molecular crystals, in which carbon is covalently bonded with carbon within the layer.

interaction, with the characteristics of atomic crystals, graphite belongs to mixed crystals; Each carbon atom in a graphite crystal.

On a 2p orbital that is not involved in hybridization, the electrons move delocalized in the layer, i.e., there are freely moving electrons in graphite, so graphite can conduct electricity.

Uses of Graphite Conductive Electricity:

1) Used in arc steelmaking furnace.

Graphite electrodes are mainly used in electric furnace steelmaking. Electric furnace steelmaking uses graphite electrodes to introduce electric current into the furnace, and the strong current is used at the lower end of the electrode to generate an arc discharge through gas, and the heat generated by the arc is used for smelting. According to the size of the electric furnace capacity, graphite electrodes of different diameters are used, and in order to make the electrodes continue to be used, the electrodes are connected by electrode threaded joints.

Graphite electrodes for steelmaking account for about 70 80 of the total amount of graphite electrodes.

2) Used in submerged thermal electric furnace.

Graphite electrode ore thermoelectric furnace is mainly used for the production of ferroalloys, pure silicon, yellow phosphorus.

Matte copper and calcium carbide.

The lower part of the conductive electrode is buried in the charge, so in addition to the heat generated by the electric arc between the electric plate and the charge, the resistance of the charge also generates heat when the current passes through the charge. Each ton of silicon needs to consume about 150kg of graphite electrode, and each ton of yellow phosphorus needs to consume about 40kg of graphite electrode.

3) For resistance furnaces.

Graphitization furnaces for the production of graphite products, melting furnaces for melting glass, and silicon carbide production.

The electric furnace used is a resistance furnace, and the materials contained in the furnace are heated.

resistance, in turn, is the object of heating. Normally, the graphite electrode for electrical conductivity is inserted into the furnace wall at the end of the hearth, so the conductive electrode is not continuously consumed.

Graphene conducts electricity. The coordination number of carbon atoms in graphene.

is 3, the bond length between each two adjacent carbon atoms is meters, and the angle between the bonds is 120°. In addition to the honeycomb layered structure in which the bonds are linked to other carbon atoms to form hexagonal rings, the pz orbitals perpendicular to the plane of each carbon atom can form large bonds of polyatoms throughout the entire layer.

with benzene ring. similar), so it has excellent conductive and optical properties.

Development prospects. The research and application development of graphene continues to heat up, and graphite and graphene-related materials are widely used in battery electrode materials, semiconductor devices, transparent displays, sensors, capacitors, transistors, etc.

Given the graphene material.

With its excellent performance and potential application value, a series of important progress has been made in many disciplines such as chemistry, materials, physics, biology, environment, and energy. The researchers are committed to trying different methods in different fields to prepare high-quality, large-area graphene materials.

Conductive causesCauses of graphite conductors (from a chemical point of view): every carbon atom in graphite.

Three other carbon atoms are connected around the perimeter, arranged in multiple hexagons in the form of a honeycomb.

Because each carbon atom releases an electron, and these electrons can move freely to block the source. Therefore, graphite has a higher melting point than the balance, strong stability, and easy conductivity.

Graphite applicationsGraphite is widely used in the electrical industry, such as: electrodes, graphite washers, positive electrodes of mercury rectifiers, coatings of TV picture tubes, carbon rods, telephone parts of electric halls, carbon tubes, brushes, etc.

In the applications listed above, graphite electrodes are used.

The applications are particularly widespread. Because of the smelting of various ferroalloys and alloy steels.

When a very strong current is introduced into the melting area of the electric furnace through the electrode, and then there is an electric arc generated, which is converted into heat energy, and the temperature rises to about 2000 degrees to achieve the purpose of melting or reaction.

Graphite is electrically conductive. Graphite is an allotrope of the element carbon.

Each carbon atom.

Three other carbon atoms are connected to each other, arranged in a honeycomb-like hexagon.

Since each carbon atom emits an electron, and those electrons move freely, graphite is a conductor of electricity.

Electrical conductivity of graphite.

It is a hundred times higher than that of general non-metallic minerals. Thermal conductivity exceeds that of metallic materials such as steel, iron, and lead. Thermal conductivity.

Decreasing as the temperature increases, and even at extremely high temperatures, graphite becomes an insulator.

Because graphite contains a charge that moves freely, the charge moves freely after being energized, forming an electric current, so it can conduct electricity. The real reason why graphite conducts electricity is that there are 6 carbon atoms.

In the carbon ring of graphite, all the 6-membered rings form a conjugated system, or in the carbon ring of graphite, all the carbon atoms form a huge bond, and all the electrons in this bond can flow freely in the layer, which is the reason why graphite can conduct electricity.

The principle of graphite conductionGraphite is an allotrope of the element carbon.

Each carbon atom is surrounded by three other carbon atoms (arranged in a honeycomb pattern.

Those bound by covalent bonds return to form covalent molecules. Since each carbon atom emits an electron, and those electrons can move freely, graphite is a conductor of electricity.