Working characteristics and common materials of rolling bearings???

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Rolling bearings are standard. This chapter mainly describes the characteristics of commonly used rolling bearing types, selects the appropriate bearing type and size according to the working conditions, and carries out the combined design. 1. Overview Rolling bearings are widely used mechanical supports.

Its function is to support the shaft and the parts on the shaft under the condition of ensuring that the bearing has sufficient life, and rotate and swing relative to the base Rolling bearings are standard parts. This chapter mainly describes the characteristics of commonly used rolling bearing types, selects the appropriate bearing type and size according to the working conditions, and carries out the combined design. 1. Overview Rolling bearings are widely used mechanical supports.

Its function is to support the shaft and the parts on the shaft under the condition of ensuring that the bearing has sufficient life, and to rotate and swing relative to the base, so that the friction between the rotating pairs can be reduced as much as possible to obtain higher transmission efficiency. The commonly used rolling bearing has formulated a national standard, which is designed by using the principle of rolling friction and produced in batches by specialized factories. In the mechanical design, it is only necessary to select the appropriate rolling bearing type and model according to the working conditions for the combined structural design.

2. Working characteristics of rolling bearings Compared with sliding bearings, rolling bearings have the following advantages:

1) The application design is simple, the product has been standardized, and the mass production is carried out by professional manufacturers, with excellent interchangeability and versatility.

2) Low starting friction torque, low power loss, rolling bearing efficiency (higher than mixed lubrication bearing.

3) The adaptation range of load, speed and working temperature is wide, and a small change in working conditions has little impact on bearing performance.

4) Most types of bearings can withstand both radial and axial loads, and the axial size is smaller.

5) Easy to lubricate, maintain and maintain. Rolling bearings also have the following disadvantages: (1) Most rolling bearings have large radial dimensions.

2) When working under high-speed and heavy-load conditions, the service life is short. (3) Vibration and noise are large. 3. Components and common materials 1. Rolling bearing structure:

Rolling bearings are generally composed of an inner ring, an outer ring, a rolling element and a cage. The inner ring is mounted on the journal (called the shaft ring in the thrust bearing) and fits tightly; The outer ring is housed in the bearing bore of the frame or part and is usually loosely fitted. There are raceways on the inner and outer rings, and when the inner and outer rings rotate relative to each other, the rolling elements will roll along the raceways.

The rolling element is a rolling element that realizes rolling friction, except"Rotation"In addition, it also rotates around the axis. The shapes are spherical, cylindrical, conical cylindrical, needle roller, drum, etc. The function of the cage is to evenly separate the rolling elements.

In order to meet some use requirements, some bearings can be without an inner ring or no outer ring, or with dust-proof, sealing ring and other structures. 2. Commonly used materials: the materials of the rolling elements and the inner and outer rings require high hardness and contact fatigue strength, good wear resistance and impact toughness.

Generally, it is made of chromium-containing alloy steel, and the commonly used materials are GCR15, GCR15SIMN, GCR6, GCR9, etc., and the hardness can reach HRC61-65 after heat treatment. The cage is generally stamped with mild steel plate, and the high-speed bearing is mostly made of non-ferrous metal (such as brass) or plastic cage.

A bearing is a "part that assists in the rotation of an object" and is called a "jikuuke" in Japanese. To put it bluntly, a bearing is the part that supports the "shaft" that rotates in the machine. Machines that use bearings include vehicles, airports, and generator sets.

Bearings are also used in common electrical products such as refrigerators, vacuum cleaners, and air conditioners in our daily life.

In this type of machine, the bearing is responsible for supporting the "shaft" on which parts such as wheels, transmission gears, turbochargers, and motor rotors are mounted, and the shaft rotates smoothly. Because a variety of machines use a large number of rotating shafts, bearings have become indispensable parts, and are called "energy feed for the machinery manufacturing industry". These parts may not seem like a big deal, but they're actually critical.

Without it, we wouldn't be able to go about our daily lives.

In order to make the machine run smoothly, what is the role of the bearing? It serves two purposes. Function 1: Relieves friction and smooths rotation.

The rotating "shaft" and the rotating support part are bound to create friction. The bearing is used in the middle of the rotating "shaft" and the rotating support part. Bearings reduce friction, make rotation smoother and reduce energy consumption. This is the greater role of bearings.

Function 2: Maintain a part of the rotation support, so that the "axis" of rotation is maintained at the appropriate part, and the "axis" of rotation and the part of rotation support are subjected to a very large force. The bearing prevents a part of the rotating support from being destroyed by such forces, and keeps the rotating "shaft" at a reasonable position.

It is precisely because of this role of the bearing that we can continue to use the machine for a long time.

Bearings are of different sizes, its use is very common, and the ancient history of bearings has also occurred, which shows that bearings have a long history in China, broad and profound. Bearing is a relatively high-precision item, in the production and manufacturing, installation of the natural environment are certain regulations, materials needless to say, different industrial equipment, the demand for bearings is also different. As a high-precision component, bearings are used in the field of processing and manufacturing.

As a material for social and economic development, the bearing is an irreplaceable item, and the bearing also has advantages and disadvantages, depending on how to select and apply.

This is a kind of part, very critical, all kinds of machinery, cars, watches, refrigerators, air conditioners will be used in it, the role is to help control the first system, so that the whole machinery runs, play a supporting role.

It can be used in gears, in tires, in roller skating, and in connections to objects. The function of the bearing is that it can play the role of lubrication, can play the role of connection, can play the role of transmission, and can also play the role of transforming force.

From airplanes, trains, to vacuum cleaners at home, sweeping robots, small household appliances, and bearings can play a role in connecting.

Sliding bearing. types and characteristics.

1.According to the load direction, it is divided into: radial bearing, thrust bearing, and radial thrust bearing.

Radial bearings: only radial loads.

Thrust bearings: Axial loads only.

Radial thrust bearings: Accept both radial and axial loads.

2.According to the size of the load, it is divided into: light load bearing, medium load bearing, and heavy load.

Bearing. Light load bearing: the average pressure is less than 1MPa when working.

Medium-load bearing: the average pressure is 1 10MPa when working.

Heavy-duty bearing: the average pressure is higher than 10MPa during operation.

3.According to the speed, it is divided into: low-speed bearing, medium-speed bearing, and high-speed bearing.

Low-speed bearings: journal circumferential speed is less than 5m s.

Medium speed bearing: journal circumferential speed is 5 60m s.

High-speed bearings: journal circumferential speed is higher than 60m s.

4.According to the friction state, it is divided into: hydrostatic bearing, dynamic bearing, mixed lubrication bearing, boundary lubrication bearing, dry friction bearing, electrostatic bearing, magnetic bearing, etc.

Hydrostatic bearing: the applied pressure fluid is subjected to external load. The stiffness and precision are high, the life is long, and the speed range is wide, but the structure is complex and the maintenance is difficult.

Dynamic bearing: consists of the relative motion of the journal and the pad.

A load-bearing fluid film is formed. Hydrostatic bearings eliminate the need for complex fluid pressure systems and throttling devices.

Mixed lubrication bearing: the fluid film is not enough to completely separate the journal from the rough peak of the bearing surface, and there is both fluid friction and boundary friction.

Boundary lubrication bearings: do not form a fluid film and are used in non-critical situations.

Dry friction bearings: including solid lubricated bearings and bearings with self-lubricating bearings.

Electrostatic bearing: the electric field is used to bear the external load, and the control system is complex.

Magnetic bearing: The magnetic field force is used to bear the external load, and the control system is complex.

5.According to the type of lubricant, it is divided into: liquid lubricated bearings, gas lubricated bearings, grease lubricated bearings, and solid lubricated bearings.

Liquid lubricated bearings: lubricating oil is used as lubricant, and water and liquid metal can also be used.

Wait; Gas-lubricated bearings: use air or hydrogen, argon, helium, etc. as lubricants. The friction loss is extremely low, and it is suitable for a wide range of temperatures, but the machining accuracy is required.

Grease lubricated bearings: grease lubricated, easy to maintain, used in low-speed, non-critical occasions.

Solid lubricated bearings: with molybdenum disulfide.

Graphite, phthalocyanine dyes and other lubricants.

According to the direction of the load that can be bearing, it can be divided into two categories: radial (centripetal) sliding bearings and thrust (axial) sliding bearings.

According to the type of lubricant, it can be divided into oil-lubricated bearings, grease-lubricated bearings, water-lubricated bearings, gas bearings, solid lubricated bearings and 、..

According to the thickness of the lubricating film, it can be divided into two categories: film-lubricated bearings and thick-film lubricated bearings.

Bearings are divided into sliding bearings and rolling bearings, and today I will introduce 13 commonly used rolling bearings. Rolling bearings are important components in mechanical equipment, and their main function is to support rotating shafts or rotating bodies. Rolling bearings are divided into the following according to the different bearing direction or nominal contact angle

Radial bearings, thrust bearings. According to the type of rolling element, it is divided into: ball bearing, roller bearing.

According to whether it can be aligned, it is divided into: self-aligning bearing, non-self-aligning bearing (rigid bearing). According to the number of columns of the scrolling body, it is divided into:

Single row bearings, double row bearings, multiple row bearings. According to whether the parts can be separated, it is divided into: separable bearing, non-separable bearing.

In addition, there are classifications by structural shape and size. 1. Angular contact ball bearing, there is a contact angle between the ring and the ball, the standard contact angle is ° and 40°, the larger the contact angle, the greater the axial load capacity, the smaller the contact angle, the more conducive to high-speed rotation, the single row bearing can bear radial load and unidirectional axial load. Structurally, two single-row angular contact ball bearings with a backside combination share the inner and outer rings, and can bear radial loads and bidirectional axial loads.

Main uses: single row: machine tool spindle, high-frequency motor, gas turbine, centrifugal separator, small car front wheel, differential pinion shaft.

Double row: oil pump, roots blower, air compressor, various transmissions, fuel injection pumps, printing machinery. Second, the self-aligning ball bearing, double row of steel balls, the outer ring raceway is the inner spherical type, so it can automatically adjust the shaft malalignment caused by the deflection or discenter of the shaft or shell, and the tapered bore bearing can be easily installed on the shaft through the use of fasteners, mainly bearing radial load.

1) The starting torque is small, and it can be started under load;

2) The radial clearance is small and the motion accuracy is high;

3) The axial width is small;

4) It can bear the radial light collision delay and axial load at the same time, and the bearing combination is relatively simple;

5) Noisy fiber is easy to seal, easy to maintain;

6) No need for non-ferrous metals, standard parts, low cost.

1. The characteristics of sliding bearings are: bearings that work under sliding friction. Plain bearings work smoothly, reliably and noiselessly.

Under the condition of liquid lubrication, the sliding surface is separated by the lubricating oil without direct contact, which can also greatly reduce friction loss and surface wear, and the oil film also has a certain vibration absorption ability. The sliding friction between the running shaft and the shaft seat is changed to the rolling friction, so as to reduce the friction loss, a precision mechanical element called a rolling bearing. Rolling bearings are easy to use and maintain, reliable to work, good starting performance, and have high carrying capacity at moderate speeds;

2. Compared with the sliding bearing, the rolling clear bearing is characterized by large radial size, poor vibration damping ability, low life at high speed and large sound;

3. The difference between rolling bearings and sliding bearings: first of all, the appearance is in the structure, the rolling bearing relies on the rotation of the rolling element to support the rotating shaft, so the contact part is a point, the more rolling elements, the more contact points; The plain bearing supports the rotating shaft by a smooth surface, so the contact part is a face. Secondly, the mode of movement is different, and the mode of motion of rolling bearings is rolling; The mode of movement of the sliding bearing is a slippery reed, so the friction situation is completely different.