What are the reasons for the aging of China s population besides the family planning policy?

Although China's family planning policy has accelerated the process of population aging to a certain extent, it is not the fundamental cause of population aging.

China's family planning policy has accelerated the aging of the population, but it has also reduced the overall size of the elderly population in the future, and to a certain extent, shortened the time for the size of the elderly population to be at a high level. It is conceivable that if the family planning policy is not implemented, although the time for China to enter the aging society will be delayed, it will face heavier pressure on the elderly population for a longer period of time. In fact, the current large scale of China's elderly population is precisely because the large-scale population accumulated during the high birth rate in the fifties and sixties of the last century has entered old age one after another.

Moreover, like other countries in the world that have entered an aging society, the aging of China's population is also the inevitable result of the modernization process. The transformation of China's population age structure from "young" to "old" began in the late 70s of the last century. By the end of the last century, China officially entered an aging society.

Since the reform and opening up, China's economy and society have developed rapidly, the level of medical and health care has been continuously improved, the mortality rate has been reduced, the life expectancy of the population has been extended, and the absolute scale of the elderly population has been significantly expanded. At the same time, the family planning policy has brought about a decline in the birth rate, a decrease in the size of the young population, and an increase in the proportion of the elderly population, and the aging rate of China has been increasing.

It can be seen that population aging is not a local phenomenon in a certain country or region, but a general phenomenon that occurs in the entire human society and will continue to exist for a long time. The main reasons for this are that with the in-depth development of modernization, the global fertility rate has declined, and human life expectancy has generally been extended.

As long as these two aspects remain the same, the trend of population ageing will be irreversible.

It is caused by the general trend of the whole society, the economic pressure of young people in contemporary society is high, and many people have low fertility intentions, so the fertility rate is relatively low, and the population is seriously aging.

The aging of the population is due to the fact that medical conditions are now better and life expectancy is longer. The low fertility rate is due to the high cost of raising a baby.

The reason for this situation is because of people's psychological problems, their pressure is very high, so they will not start a relationship, and the phenomenon of fear of marriage is very serious, which naturally causes a low fertility rate.

Because many young people are under a lot of pressure nowadays, it is enough to want a child. Unable to raise a second child.

Cautiously, "declining birthrate" and "aging" may be inevitable trends for the Chinese population and even the world's population, but we should not be overly pessimistic about this, which will not help solve the problem.

Only by adhering to the national innovation strategy, driving the upgrading of the industrial structure, and tapping the second "demographic dividend" can we hedge the negative impact of population aging on social and economic development.

In the context of the increasing burden of aging of the population, the "demographic dividend" has changed from the number of labor force to the quality of labor force, so it is necessary to improve labor productivity in exchange for the decline of labor input, and rely on scientific and technological innovation to prevent the possible weakening of industrial competitiveness.

What to do:

In the context of profound changes in the economic development environment and factor supply conditions, China has continuously promoted supply-side structural reform, and its industrial structure has gradually shifted from labor-intensive, resource-processing, and heavy chemical industry to capital, technology, and knowledge-intensive. Traditional industries are stepping up technological transformation and upgrading, and the scale and level of advanced manufacturing and high-tech industries are also continuously improving.

Cutting-edge scientific and technological fields such as artificial intelligence, quantum information, and deep-sea aerospace development all have the potential to achieve "corner overtaking". Grasping the development opportunity of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and realizing the coordinated development of talents, industry and science and technology is China's "decisive victory" to cope with the challenge of population aging.

There is no need for family planning now, and it should only be a matter of time before the birth policy is fully liberalized. According to the National Bureau of Statistics.

According to the news, China's population will continue to grow in 2020, and the specific data will be in the national census.

reflected in the report. The sustained growth of the country's population can indeed bring certain positive factors to the country's and social development. But in modern life, family planning policies.

It's long gone.

Population birth rate.

of decline and aging.

has made fertility promotion a must. Our country has been practicing family planning policies for a long time, but it is a specific product of a specific era. Although the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) data show that the population continues to grow, it is true that the birth rate is declining, as is the increasing aging of the population structure.

In modern social life, young people's willingness to have children has been decreasing, and at this time, family planning has become a bit out of place, but promoting fertility has become a must. The relevant departments of the state have tried to introduce various measures to promote the country's fertility, and young people can dare to have children, and it is a bit funny to talk about family planning at this time.

There is no need to implement the family planning policy now, and it should not be far from the liberalization of the birth policy. In the relevant national statistics, the number of new births has declined significantly, while the number of elderly people is rising, which means that there are some problems in the country's demographic structure. In order to solve this problem, the state released the second child in previous years.

Childbearing, but the number of people who are willing to have a second child is not as large as imagined, and the birth rate is still not high.

In reality, some experts have proposed to liberalize the birth policy and encourage more births, but young people do not buy it. The burden of life pressure and social pressure on success makes young people dare not have more children at all, and even many young people choose not to have children.

If the birth rate continues to decline, the country will certainly have serious problems in the demographic structure at some point in the future, and the only way to solve this problem is to promote fertility. Therefore, it should be a matter of time before the birth policy is liberalized. It's just that if the practical problems in life are difficult to solve, even if the birth policy is relaxed, it is estimated that there are not many young people who are willing to really have more children.

The special historical background of the existence of the family planning policy has come to an end, and for the current social background, family planning has been eliminated by the times. Perhaps one day in the future, we will be able to see slogans in many places to encourage more children. Don't be surprised, this may also be a special product of a special era.

I don't think our country needs to implement family planning now, because our country's population is already aging, and there is an urgent need for newborns to replenish it.

I don't think there's a need for family planning anymore. Now you don't have to worry about too much in life, people nowadays don't want to have children, and they can't afford to raise children, children are too expensive.

I feel the need to. Because family planning is an effective means to ensure the orderly growth of the population, it can avoid the problem of barbaric growth.

Yes, one is to increase per capita, the second is total control, and the third is because the second child is already very good, but many people do not give birth, which means that it is not a policy problem, but something else. If everyone has a second child, then you need to consider whether to tighten or liberalize. Now that it is rashly released, it will be difficult to collect it again.

Fourth, we must understand that the overall development space of each country is limited, do not think that the more people, the better, people cannot form an infinite cycle through production and consumption, similar to a perpetual motion machine, because it is a commodity economy, distribution will not be absolutely fair, and there are selfishness and loss. There are too many people, more food and energy are imported, and they may be constrained by others.

Let's continue family planning, the fewer people the better.

Encourage childbearing. Appropriately liberalize the family planning policy, encourage people to have a second child, fundamentally increase the number of labor force, and solve the problem of aging.

Delay retirement. Reform the retirement system, delay the statutory retirement age, allow the elderly to continue to use their surplus heat in the workplace, and alleviate the adverse effects of aging.

Improve the old-age security system. Improve the pension welfare system for residents, and provide other pension security systems in addition to pension insurance and medical insurance, such as commercial pension security such as pension.

Fourth, medical and health reform. Reform the medical security system, so that the elderly can fully enjoy the benefits of medical conditions, rationally allocate medical resources, and prolong the life expectancy of the elderly.

The population problem was about 400 million at the time of the founding of the People's Republic of China, and the population born in the vast rural areas was about 50 to 80 in the time period, and there was no childbearing, and their living conditions and development conditions were clear. Population growth, twenty years is a generation, if conditions permit, rapid growth.

We should do a good job in providing old-age security for the elderly, abolish family planning, and encourage the birth of second and third children.

Isn't this the state trying to save the situation? Now there are many policies to encourage childbearing, and efforts are also being made to control housing prices.

Solve the economic problem first, have a house, a car, and a deposit, and then consider the problem of childbirth.

Now that family planning has been abolished, we have no restrictions on having children here.

In recent years, many countries across the country have embarked on the road of low fertility, you can see that people's concept of fertility has changed, now for the change of the concept of child rearing, we are more to pay attention to the "quality" of raising children, rather than focusing on the "quantity" as before, now people are raising children, there will be a certain plan from the beginning of young children, some parents have even begun to pay attention to prenatal education when they are pregnant, such energy investment, is really a waste of a family's resources. In addition, in the face of the current increase in life pressure and work pressure, many people are not inclined to have more children, and even many people have chosen "Dink" and do not want to have a child.

In the face of the social problems brought about by low fertility, countries have begun various policies to encourage childbirth.

South Korea has one of the lowest fertility rates in the world. South Korea** has introduced many measures to encourage childbirth many years ago, and has continued to increase the amount of subsidies in recent years. According to South Korea**, a series of measures to encourage childbirth were promulgated in December 2020, and a childcare subsidy of 300,000 won will be provided to families with 0-1 year old babies from 2022, which is about 1,800 yuan, and will slowly increase to 500,000 won by 2025, not only that, but also a maternity allowance of 2 million won for families who have children.

Russia's fertility rate is also very low, since more than 10 years ago, it has been set up for families to give birth**, families with at least two children can apply for a subsidy within three years of the birth of the child, this subsidy is happy to be as high as 460,000 rubles, equivalent to about 40,000 yuan.

In addition, Italy has also passed a bill to encourage childbirth in response to its low fertility rate, which will provide a monthly subsidy of 240 euros to families with children, which will be paid in the form of direct payment or tax incentives, and the payment period will be from the seventh month after pregnancy to the child reaches the age of 18, and the amount of this birth subsidy can be received per month is about 1870 yuan, which is a large amount of subsidy.

For example, in the United States, parents can apply for free breakfast and lunch for their children, and this benefit can last from kindergarten to college.

Extended vacation time, ** subsidies, childcare institutions, maternity leave for men, flexible working hours, and women's rights guaranteed.

China is vigorously encouraging people to have three children, and various other countries have given corresponding preferential treatment, vigorously advocating people to have more children.

Countries encourage childbearing by adopting subsidies and policies to reduce the financial pressure on families.

Raise awareness of the importance of optimizing the birth policy, and steadily promote the gradual delayed retirement policy.

1. Raise awareness of the importance of optimizing fertility policies.

First of all, the increase in fertility rate is a direct means to increase the future labor force and a fundamental solution to the problem of population aging. The sustained development of the country's economy is inseparable from technological innovation, and the young people with a high level of quality are the main force in technological innovation, so a reasonable fertility rate is still a necessary condition for improving and maintaining a country's scientific and technological level. Second, children have a positive externality to social development, which is similar to a public good, and if the cost of raising children is borne by the family, the actual number of births will be lower than the optimal number of births in society.

In order to break the dilemma of low fertility, the state needs to bear part of the cost of raising children, and establish the awareness that children are not only the children of the family, but also the children of the country.

2. Steadily promote the gradual delayed retirement policy.

Judging from the health situation of China's elderly workers, they are competent for many tasks, and there is a relatively solid practical foundation for delaying retirement. The continued retention of older workers in the labour market creates an additional piece of the pie for society as a whole, with a net benefit. The smoothness of the implementation of the delayed retirement policy depends on the definition of the interests of the state, enterprises and workers, that is, the proportion of each of them to share the cake.

The implementation of progressive delayed retirement needs to pay attention to the following issues.

First, through individual income tax reduction, social security reduction, flexible working hours, etc., to mobilize the enthusiasm of elderly workers, alleviate the resistance of some elderly workers, and avoid the phenomenon of not working hard.

Second, it is necessary to ensure the autonomy of enterprises in employment and the right to set wages, so as not to increase the burden on enterprises. Enterprises are allowed to freely decide whether to continue to employ their elderly workers, and enterprises are allowed to freely decide at what wage level they should employ elderly workers. ** Enterprises should not be forced to accept elderly workers, but should be guided to hire elderly workers through tax incentives, subsidies, etc.

Third, we should pay attention to the possible negative impact of delayed retirement on youth employment, and be prepared to fine-tune policies. Youth employment is more about social stability and technological innovation. The high youth unemployment rate in some European countries may be related to the higher retirement age.

Fourth, it is necessary to rationally determine the term of office and the age at which cadres should be appointed to ensure a normal promotion channel for young people. Whether it is a public institution or an enterprise, job promotion is an important means to motivate employees to improve work efficiency. After delayed retirement, a large number of older cadres will continue to stay in office, which may lead to the inability of young people to achieve promotion according to the original channels, which will reduce the enthusiasm and work efficiency of young workers.

Fifth, it is necessary to optimize the wage system of administrative units and public institutions, and give better play to the role of delaying retirement in easing financial pressure. Most of the wages of these workers are allocated by the government, and the wage level is generally higher than the pension level. Therefore, after delaying retirement, the financial expenditure of the first class will be changed from the form of pension to the form of salary, and the total amount of expenditure may not fall but rise.