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The six departments are respectively responsible for:
The Ministry of Officials is mainly responsible for managing the appointment, dismissal, promotion, and transfer of officials throughout the country.
The Ministry of Household Affairs is mainly responsible for the control of land, taxes, household registration, military quarters, salaries, and financial revenues and expenditures throughout the country.
The Ministry of Rites was mainly responsible for the affairs of schools and imperial examinations throughout the country, as well as the affairs of vassals and foreign countries.
The Ministry of War is mainly responsible for the selection of military attachés and military registration, ordnance, military orders, etc. Among them, there are Si Rong, Si Cheng, Si Yu, and Treasury departments.
The Criminal Department is mainly responsible for administering the law and prisons, and is placed alongside the Dali Temple, which is the nature of the Supreme Court.
The Ministry of Engineering is mainly responsible for construction projects. It includes the construction and repair of the royal family and official offices, as well as the manufacture, receipt and management of various official utensils.
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The Ministry of Engineering manages the construction of bridges, the construction and maintenance of houses, the Ministry of Rites manages all kinds of books and classics, the appointment of officials and officials, the registration of household personnel, and the punishment of people who make mistakes in the management of the Criminal Department
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The six departments are in charge separately, the household department, the official department, the criminal department, the Ministry of engineering, the Ministry of rites, and the military department, these six departments are all under the management of the six departments, and the legal system in the Tang Dynasty is very strict, and these six departments are basically in charge of important state institutions.
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The six departments are the Ministry of Officials, the Ministry of Households, the Ministry of Rites, the Ministry of War, the Ministry of Crime, the Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Officials is mainly to manage the administration of officials, **, the Ministry of Household Management of the population, household registration, the Ministry of Rites to manage the arrangement of major festivals, the Ministry of War is in charge of the army, the Ministry of Criminal Affairs is in charge of punishment, and the Ministry of Engineering is in charge of the supervision of river embankment projects!
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Separation of powers and checks and balances is conducive to centralization.
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Shangshu Province was responsible for the implementation of the edict.
The system of three provinces and six ministries was developed and formed for a long time after the Western Han Dynasty, and was formally established in the Sui Dynasty and further improved in the Tang Dynasty. The three provinces of the Tang Dynasty refer to Zhongshu Province, Menxia Province, and Shangshu Province. The division of labor among the three provinces is clear, and the Zhongshu Province is responsible for drafting and promulgating the emperor's edict; The ministry is responsible for reviewing government decrees; Shangshu Province "does nothing and does not always have to do" and is responsible for the implementation of the state's decrees.
The six ministries refer to the Ministry of Officials, the Ministry of Households, the Ministry of Rites, the Ministry of War, the Ministry of Criminal Affairs and the Ministry of Industry, of which the Ministry of Officials is in charge of the assessment, appointment and dismissal of officials; The Ministry of Household Affairs is in charge of household registration and land taxation throughout the country; The Ministry of Rites is in charge of etiquette and imperial examinations; The Ministry of Military Affairs is in charge of military administration, the Criminal Department is in charge of criminal law, and the Ministry of Industry is in charge of national engineering construction.
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With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, many netizens and friends are now very concerned about the relevant historical knowledge issues, and many of them are very confused, what kind of system is the system of three provinces and six ministries established in the early Tang Dynasty. What kind of help did the three-province and six-ministry system bring to the Tang Dynasty?
In the face of the confusion and curiosity of the majority of netizens and friends about the three-province and six-ministry system implemented in the Tang Dynasty, I think it is necessary for us to understand some basic conditions of this system first. "The system of three provinces and six ministries is a set of well-organized first-class official systems in ancient Chinese feudal society. It began with the five provinces and six Cao system in the Sui Dynasty, established in the Sui Dynasty, perfected in the Tang Dynasty, and then until the end of the Qing Dynasty, the six-part system was basically unchanged.
The system of three provinces and six ministries is actually very advanced, because this system also solves the problem of power distribution in the United States of the imperial court, and it is precisely by virtue of this three provinces and six ministries that the efficiency of the Tang Dynasty has been very good. In general, the three provinces and six ministries system, this self-help brought a lot of positive effects to the Tang Dynasty, and it was precisely by virtue of this system that the Tang Dynasty was able to prosper for such a long time. The following are some of my personal views and thoughts on the three-province six-ministry system.
First, the superiority of the system
In ancient times, the power struggle between the prime minister and the king has always been very acute, and there have been many wars in history because of the contradictions between the prime minister and the king. The emergence of the three-province six-ministry system is very good at restricting the relevant rights of the prime minister, and it also allows the emperor to have better decision-making power, so I think the superiority of the three-province six-ministry system is very obvious, which also fundamentally solves the problem of excessive power of the prime minister. <>
Second: improve work efficiency
The emergence of the three-province six-ministry system is a very good solution to the relevant court decision-making and implementation problems, even if a new decree appears, with the superiority of the three-province six-ministry system, this new decree will not be long before it can be implemented nationwide. <>
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The three provinces and six ministries system are the three provinces of Zhongshu Province, Menxia Province and Shangshu Province, and the six ministries refer to the Ministry of Officials, the Ministry of Households, the Ministry of Rites, the Ministry of War, the Ministry of Criminal Affairs and the Ministry of Industry under Shangshu Province.
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In fact, it is the province of books in the province of Menxia, and there is also the province of Shangshu. The six departments are the Criminal Department, the Ministry of Officials, the Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Households, the Ministry of War, and the Ministry of Rites.
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Menxia Province, Shangshu Province, Zhongshu Province, Ministry of Industry, Ministry of War, Ministry of Rites, Ministry of Households, Ministry of Officials, Ministry of Punishment, these are the three provinces and six departments in the early stage.
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It is a kind of ** management system, which is in the form of a ladder, which is divided into Shangshu Province, Zhongshu Province, and Menxia Province, and there are 6 departments under Shangshu Province.
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The three-province system in the Tang Dynasty was characterized by the transformation to two provinces and one province soon after its establishment. The impetus for this change was the imperial power's control over the imperial power and the improvement of administrative efficiency. First of all, in order to control the relative power, the emperor gradually used some of the less senior ** ginseng as "the second grade under the door of the same Zhongshu", because the scholar is a minister from the second grade.
In the seventeenth year of Zhenguan, Xiao and Li were "three products under the same Zhongshu door", because they served the government and actually exercised the power of the prime minister, but because there was no noble system of the prime minister, it was easy to control.
Gradually, the position of the prime minister of Zhongshu Ling, Shizhong, Shangshu Ling, and the left and right servants has become a noble and fictitious title, while the real prime minister has become a temporary position, which is in line with the law of declining power since the Han Dynasty.
In the Tang Dynasty, Menxia Province was once renamed Dongtai, Luantai, Huangmen Province, etc., and the old name was restored. The province generally has: two people in the waiter, three products. Palm out of the emperor's order, phase etiquette. All the affairs of the state are related to the general counsel of the Zhongshu Order, and the judgment is provincial.
He is in charge of confidential affairs with the Zhongshu Province, discusses national affairs, and is responsible for reviewing edicts, signing seals, and has the right to refute them. Its chief is called Shizhong, or Nayan, Zuo Xiang, and Huangmen Supervisor, all of which vary from time to time. Under it, there are officials such as the Yellow Gate Squire, the Servant of the Giving Affairs, the Scattered Cavalry Attendant, the Counseling Doctor, and the Living Lang. Surname.
The Song Chengtang system, set up the province of Menxia, the province of Zhongshu, the province of Shangshu (three provinces), the Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Crime, the Ministry of Soldiers, the Ministry of Rites, the Ministry of Households, and the Ministry of Officials (six departments). However, in the early Northern Song Dynasty, except for the Criminal Department, which still retained the authority to review the world's great cases, the main functions and powers of the six ministries of the three provinces have been transferred to other institutions, and their chiefs are only used as the official titles of Jilu, and the officials of the court are assigned to preside over the judgment separately to deal with the remaining details, and the system of three provinces and six ministries still exists in name only.
The Trial and Criminal Court established the Trial and Criminal Court, and transferred the power of the Criminal Department to the Trial and Criminal Court, which became the other highest in the countryJusticeInstitution. During the reign of Shenzong, the trial court was revoked and the picket was in BeijingPrisonDivision, and returned its review and other powers to the Criminal Department, and since then, the functions and powers of the Criminal Department have been greatly expandedSupervisorNational criminal law, prison proceedings, reciprocal acts, pardons, repressions, etc.
Not only, there are also more "informal" official positions such as Tongzhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi and Tongzhongshu Menxia Sanpin in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, they are not officially in charge of the three provinces, they are temporary, but they are doing the prime minister's business. >>>More
At the beginning of the ministry. The examiner was presided over by the foreign lang, and later changed to the waiter of the Ministry of Rites. >>>More
From the Han to the Jin Dynasty, the three provinces of Shangshu, Menxia and Zhongshu were gradually established. The Sui implemented a five-province system.