What is the planting and management technology of winter jujube, and what is the planting and manage

Planting and management of winter jujube trees:

The selection of winter jujube is generally based on the local climate, soil nature, etc. to choose the most suitable one. It is recommended to choose a flat, sunny area near a water source.

When planting, the planting density should be determined according to the fertility of the soil, the general planting density is about three meters between rows and about two meters between plants, if it is according to this density, then about 50 to 100 winter jujube trees can be planted per mu.

Flowering management

Winter jujube likes light, and the flowering management of winter jujube is related to the subsequent yield, so the requirements for temperature and humidity during the flowering period are relatively high. If the flowering period is dry for a long time, the temperature is higher than 25 degrees, and the humidity is lower than 25%, it will cause pollen not to germinate and the pollination effect will be poor.

Therefore, it is necessary to water several times during the flowering period to maintain the humidity of the soil and control the humidity. The flowering period is also a period of high incidence of insect pests, at this time, jujube gall mosquitoes, green blind bugs, stink bugs, beetles, heartworms, etc. will harm the planting, harm flowers and fruits, so it is necessary to timely apply pesticides to prevent and control insect pests.

Soil requirements: Winter dates are suitable for planting in fertile soil and well-drained soil. Temperature Requirements:

The ambient temperature is kept at 14-25 degrees during the growing season. Sufficient light: Ensure no less than 8 hours of light time every day, sufficient light is conducive to increasing production.

Maintain moisture: Soil moisture is kept above 70% during flowering.

1. Soil requirements

Winter jujube has strong adaptability, mainly absorbs water and nutrients in the soil during the growth period, and is suitable for planting in the soil with fertile, loose and breathable, well-drained soil, the loose soil is conducive to the root growth of the plant, can better absorb nutrients, and let the fruit tree develop better.

2. Temperature conditions

Winter jujube is a temperature-loving fruit, although the fruit is ripe in winter, but it is mainly sown in the spring when the climate warms up, the temperature requirements are higher during the growth and development, the temperature is above 14 degrees after spring, the sown seeds will begin to germinate, and when the branch is pulled above 17 degrees, between 20-25 degrees is the vigorous growth period, and it is resistant to cold and high temperature.

3. Sufficient light

Winter jujube likes light, photosyndication effect is of great help to the growth of winter jujube, to maintain no less than 8 hours of light time every day, sufficient and reasonable light can help cell differentiation, can well accumulate tree nutrients, at the same time sufficient light can effectively improve the fruit setting rate of fruit trees, insufficient light time will reduce fruit set, and even affect root growth.

4. Maintain humidity

During the growth period of winter jujube, the demand for water increases, and the moisture of the soil is maintained, which is of great help to the pollination and fruit cultivation of fruit trees, and during the flowering period, the moisture of the soil should be kept above 70%, and the soil moisture is too low to affect the germination and pollination and fertilization of flowers, and the flowers will fall, and the fruit yield will decrease, so the soil moisture will affect the nutrient balance of fruit trees.

<>1, the construction of greenhouses: suitable for planting peaches, apricots, vegetables are suitable for the cultivation of greenhouse winter dates, can be used vertically, the new greenhouse in the east-west direction, length of 60 meters, north and south width of 8-10 meters. 2. Variety selection:

It is necessary to choose high-quality varieties with dwarf tree body, strong early fruiting, huge fruit shape, and high yield, such as morning and evening honey, June fresh, large melon jujube, and big white ling. 3. Seedlings: can be planted after falling leaves, digging a planting ditch before planting, the ditch is 60cm wide, the ditch is 60cm deep, the ditch is paved with wheat straw and straw, and enough organic fertilizer is applied, and the soil is mixed evenly.

1. Build a greenhouse

1. Greenhouses suitable for planting peaches, apricots and vegetables are suitable for planting winter dates, which can be used vertically.

2. The new greenhouse is mainly in the east-west direction, with a length of 60 meters and a width of 8-10 meters from north to south, and the back wall can use cement blocks or brick structures, with a thickness of about 1 meter and a height of meters.

Second, the selection of varieties

Be sure to choose varieties with dwarf trees, strong early fruiting, huge fruit shape, high yield and high quality, such as morning and evening honey, June fresh, big melon jujube, big white ling, extra-large candied date, Jinsi Xin No. 4, July crisp and other varieties, these varieties are suitable for greenhouse cultivation.

3. Plant seedlings

1. After the leaves fall, you can plant, before planting must dig the planting ditch, the width of the ditch is 60cm, and the depth of the ditch is 60cm.

2. Wheat straw and straw can be spread in the ditch, and enough organic fertilizer can be applied, and it can be mixed with soil and evenly filled into the ditch to water thoroughly.

3. Select high-quality strong seedlings with rhizome thickness of more than 1cm and complete root system, set dry at 50-60cm, and leave 2-3 buds stub below the branches, and then ridge.

4. The ridge width is 1 meter, the ridge height is 20cm, the jujube seedlings are planted on the ridge, the plant spacing is 1 meter, the row spacing is 2 meters, and 333 plants are planted per mu.

Fourth, buckle shed

1. The planted seedlings will naturally lie dormant in the shed for about 1-2 months, about the end of December to the beginning of January.

2. At this time, you can apply plantar fertilizer, water thoroughly, cover the whole shed and cover the black mulch, and then you can buckle the shed.

5. Temperature control after buckle shed

1. The time of buckling the shed is generally at the end of December, and about 20-30 days after the shed, you can use the method of opening the straw curtain day and night to create a low temperature environment, which can break the dormancy.

2. By the end of January, the temperature will begin to rise, first open 1 3 grass curtains during the day, and then pull 1 2 grass curtains, 10 days later, you can open all the grass curtains, and gradually heat up.

3. The temperature must be controlled at 15-18 °C before germination, 7-8 °C at night, 17-22 °C after germination, and 10-13 °C at night; The temperature was controlled at 18-25°C at the stage of branch and leaf development, and 10-15°C at night. 20-26 °C at the beginning of flowering, 12-16 °C at night; 22-30°C in full bloom and 15-18°C at night; The fruit develops at 25-30°C, after which the film is gradually uncovered to make it suitable for the external environment.

1. However, the growing environment in each region is different, so the selection of varieties is based on their own region. And if you want to choose a good sapling. First of all, it is necessary to see whether the quality of the seedlings is pure, the upper dry branches of pure winter jujube seedlings have no needles and thorns, and the seedlings in the infusion flow period are not purple or purple-green.

Generally, two-year-old finished seedlings should be selected, with a first-class seedling stem of about 1 cm and a seedling height of more than 1 meter. The root system should be complete, the hair roots should be developed, the moisture should be well maintained, the planting should be timely, and the long-distance transportation should be packaged to retain moisture.

2. The planting place of winter jujube seedlings is most suitable for growing on deep and loose clay soil and dry sandy loam soil containing an appropriate amount of calcareous soil. It should be planted in an area that is flat, with plenty of sunlight, loose and fertile soil, and close to water sources. At the same time, it is also advisable to choose a plot with ridge protection so that the winter jujube seedlings are not affected by cold wind.

3. Under the condition of sufficient nutrition, the branches and leaves of winter jujube grow rapidly. Winter jujube has the characteristics of small crown, slow growth, early flowering, and good fruiting. Generally, the method of dense planting is adopted.

Its row spacing is generally 2 3m, 3 3m and 2 4m3 4m, and 55-111 trees are planted per mu. It is recommended to start with a density of 2 3 meters to achieve early high yields.

4. In order to save time and effort, many farmers adopt the method of applying sufficient basal fertilizer at one time and not fertilizing in the later stage; or a method of applying nitrogen fertilizer at the fruiting stage without applying basal fertilizer; There are also staged top dressing, but these fertilizations are too single, and the fertilization methods are all wrong. When fertilizing winter jujube, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be reasonably matched, and partial application of nitrogen fertilizer can easily lead to plant growth and delay flowering and fruiting. Partial application of phosphorus fertilizer, the leaves of the plant are thick and fat, and the branches are easy to age; Partial application of potassium fertilizer will lead to narrow and black leaves, which will not be easy to extract new branches, which is not conducive to crown regeneration. Therefore, in the fertilization should be based on the principle of fertilization and top dressing, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be reasonably applied in the growth period, mainly nitrogen fertilizers in the early stage, supplemented by phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the middle and late stages, so as to reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer.

5. The flowering and fruit-setting period of winter jujube is an important part of production management, and strengthening the management of flowering period is an important guarantee to achieve high yield, high quality and high efficiency. Only when various measures are put in place, can the winter jujube tree set more fruit and sit well. Temperature, humidity, light, wind, pests and diseases will all affect the productivity of winter dates.

In particular, temperature and humidity conditions are the key to affect the fruit setting rate of winter jujube. If the flowering period is dry for a long time, the temperature is higher than 25 degrees, and the humidity is lower than 25%, it will cause the pollen not to germinate and the pollination effect is poor, so it is necessary to water several times during the flowering period to maintain the moisture of the soil and control the humidity. The flowering period is also a period of high incidence of insect pests, at this time, jujube gall mosquitoes, green blind bugs, bugs, bugs, beetles, heartworms, etc. will harm the planting, harm flowers and fruits, so it is necessary to take timely pesticides to prevent residual lead and treat insect pests.