An alternative mechanism to psychological defense mechanisms, psychological defense mechanisms

The defense mechanism is that the brain protects us in different ways, being fully aware of unpleasant thoughts and feelings, and sometimes, we can choose certain defense mechanisms such as repression, denial, or rationalization to face reality. The most common defense mechanisms are:

1.Transfer, for example, the transfer of emotions such as anger from the source to other alternative targets;

2.Projection pushes one's own feelings, thoughts, and motivations onto other people;

3.Rationalization: Plausible excuses to justify one's unreasonable or unacceptable behavior;

4.Reverse The individual's behavior is the opposite of his or her own feelings;

5.Degeners regress into childlike patterns;

6.Repression of denial buries one's painful thoughts and feelings in the subconscious;

7.Sublimation Concentrate one's unacceptable impulses, thoughts and emotions into more acceptable behaviors;

8.Separation from reality and self, as well as the discovery of another self-manifestation to cope with extreme stress or conflict; A person will use dissociation as a defense mechanism to disengage from reality and live in their own world, and for a period of time, they will not experience unbearable thoughts, feelings, and memories;

9.Intellectualization Overthinking and shifting focus when confronted with unacceptable situations, behaviors or impulses;

10.Compensation balances one's perceived flaws or weaknesses by emphasizing one's strengths.

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The psychological defense mechanism was first proposed by the famous psychologist Sigmund Freud in 1894. He proposed that the psychological defense mechanism is "a defensive means adopted by individuals to protect themselves in the subconscious to alleviate, avoid and overcome the frustration, anxiety, tension and other feelings brought about by the conflict between the self and the self".

In education, there is often a game of psychological defense mechanisms between different participants. For example, if the child fails in the exam, the original purpose of the parent and the child is to solve the problem of failing the exam, but in the process of dialogue, it is inevitable to fall into an unnecessary additional conflict: the question of whether to be stupid and whether to love or not.

Parents who are caught up in emotions may be defensive about whether their child is stupid or not. And the child will make defensive assumptions about whether the love of the parents is purely defensive. In this scenario, both parents and children are faced with an irrational confrontation of an emotionally dominated psychological defense mechanism.

Psychological defense mechanisms can be divided into three categories: immature, neutral, and mature.

Generally speaking, immature psychological defense mechanisms include the following five types: 1. Repression; 2. Negation; 3. Fantasy; 4. Regressive behavior; 5. Vent.

The neutral defense mechanism is a defense mechanism between immaturity and maturity, and also includes species conditions: 1. transfer; 2. Inhibition; 3. Reverse behavioral expression; 4. projection; 5. Rationalization.

Mature psychological defense mechanisms usually have five manifestations: 1. detachment; 2. Compensation; 3. Sublimation; 4. Humor; 5. Altruistic public welfare behavior.

Psychologists and educators have found through extensive research and practice that for many children, there are usually three easiest psychological defense mechanisms to use: denial, behavioral regression, and projection. Obviously, none of these three psychological defense mechanisms are conducive to the healthy development of children's physical and mental health.

As parents, we need to see what psychological defense mechanisms children usually prefer, and finally, through parents to help children understand themselves, recognize their own behaviors and emotions, and then guide children to learn to live in harmony with negative emotions, help them find positive emotional experiences, so as to gradually get rid of immature psychological defense mechanisms and establish a positive and mature psychological defense mechanism.

September 6, 2021 Share Day 230.

The Central Plains Focus Team is 26 and 26 Cheng Liyun.

1. Empathy: It is the ability to put oneself in the position of others, consider the psychological reactions of others, and understand the attitudes and emotions of others before making judgments and decisions on things. This is a method that is often used in counselling.

It is divided into positive and negative transference. Positive empathy has a constructive role in interpersonal relationships, and negative empathy has a hindrance effect in interpersonal relationships.

2. Rationalization: also known as cultural ornamentation. Refers to the unconscious use of an unacceptable emotion, behavior, or motivation to make it acceptable through a seemingly plausible explanation or a reason that is actually untenable.

It is divided into two manifestations: one is the sour grape effect, that is, the unobtainable things are said to be bad; The second is the sweet lemon effect, that is, when you can't get grapes but only lemons, you say that lemons are sweet. Both are to cover up their mistakes or failures in order to maintain peace of mind.

3. Reverse formation: refers to the expression of an unacceptable concept or emotion in the heart with opposite attitudes and behaviors.

4. Transfer: refers to the transfer of dangerous emotions or actions in one situation to another safer situation.

5. Denial: Denying the event that causes anxiety and pain as if it did not happen at all, in order to obtain temporary psychological comfort, which is carried out in a subconscious situation. This is a relatively simple defense mechanism with the psychological characteristics of children.

6. Humor: refers to the dilemma being dealt with in a humorous way. It is free from personal discomfort and without unhappiness affecting the public expression of other people's feelings.

7. Identity: It refers to an unintentional use of others' strengths as one's own and expressing it as part of one's own behavior, so as to relieve anxiety and adaptation.

8. Repression: It is to inhibit the concepts, emotions or impulses that are unacceptable to the consciousness into the unconscious, although she cannot recall it at any time, but it can be used in the form of camouflage through the action of other psychological mechanisms.

9. Offset: refers to an unacceptable behavior that is symbolic and repeatedly manifested in the opposite attitude and behavior.

10. Regression: It is a psychological defense method that retreats to childish behavior to make oneself feel comfortable and comforted when suffering from external pressure and internal conflicts that cannot be handled.

11. Sublimation: that is, to transform the suppressed unconscious impulse into an activity acceptable to people or praised by society through a certain way or way.

12. Compensation: also known as compensation. It is divided into negative compensation and positive compensation. It refers to the fact that when an individual is unable to achieve a certain goal due to a defect in a certain aspect of the mind and body, he consciously adopts other activities that can achieve success to compensate for a certain ability defect and make up for the inferiority complex caused by failure.

1. Repression: It is the most basic method among various defense mechanisms. This mechanism refers to the fact that the individual unconsciously excludes and inhibits some experiences and impulses that are unacceptable to the self or that are threatening and painful from the individual's consciousness to the subconscious.

2. Negation: It is a relatively primitive and simple defense mechanism, and its square front method is to escape psychological pain by distorting the thoughts, emotions and feelings of the individual in the traumatic situation, or "denying" the unpleasant event as if it did not happen at all, so as to obtain temporary psychological comfort.

3. Regression: Regression refers to the childish behavior response that an individual should not have for his age when he encounters a setback. It is a regressive phenomenon of anti-maturity.

4. Rationalization: rationalization, also known as the role of cultural decoration. Shouting is when an individual unconsciously justifies an unacceptable emotion, behavior, motivation with a seemingly plausible explanation in order to make it acceptable.