What books should I read for beginners in philosophy?

First of all, from my experience of choosing philosophy from the liberal arts graduate school and studying all the way to the doctorate, there is no absolute book list! All book lists are intended to be targeted, and are drawn up by the person who makes the list according to the basic level of the reader who imagines himself, and it is doubtful whether we are above the basic level that the person who made the list envisions. Secondly, I strongly disagree with the highest vote!

That's not a primer, that's a scientific necessity! Finally, I believe that introductory books should focus on cultivating an interest in philosophy, rather than scaring off a group of philosophy lovers by moving a bunch of original books. I recommend three entry levels first, and it is recommended that you read "What the Philosophers Do", "The Big Question", and "Sophie's World" in order.

After reading it, you have a general understanding of what philosophy is, and then you can read books on the history of philosophy. It's strange to have friends, why do you want to read the history of philosophy? You may not know that the history of philosophy is philosophy.

There are many kinds of books on the history of philosophy, but I would like to recommend Zhao Lin of Wuhan University's History of Western Philosophy, which is a history of philosophy in the form of lectures and lectures. After reading it, you will know which genre or philosopher you are more interested in, and then you can read the original works of the thinkers you are interested in and have a deeper understanding.

Professor Wang Defeng, Dean of the Department of Philosophy of Peking University, Professor Wang Defeng, Professor of Philosophy, Peking University, Professor Wang Defeng, Professor of Philosophy, brought me closer to the door of Western philosophy, and let future generations really read philosophy books. The previous books all felt itchy in their boots, but from this book, the thoughts of the later generations began to be systematized. Let me understand that the source of Hezhe is those philosophers, who, through speculation, exhausted God (the origin of the world, water or fire or number......All possibilities make people's thinking transition from myth to reason, reason.

Then it was Socrates who brought philosophy back to the world and began to discuss justice, but the end was the same, living out the inner divinity. (Digression: Socrates was the first to popularize philosophy.)

His daily life is spent chatting with people in the heart of the city. He was hailed as the smartest and most morally noble man in Athens. The ending is also thought-provoking.

Democratically sentenced to death. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, the three philosophers, laid the rational foundation of the entire Western philosophy. Later, the Hebrew religious spirit and the Aristotelian philosophical system converged to produce scholasticism, which ruled the West for many years.

The Renaissance had fallen, and philosophers began to study nature in addition to the Bible, which was considered the second "Bible" at the time, which gave rise to modern science, and the mind was slowly emancipated, and then the modern education system and university system were born. The Enlightenment and the Renaissance reaffirmed the value of human beings, and under the ideological cage of scholasticism and religious thought, the vitality was greatly liberated and the earth was shaken......Then, generation after generation of great thinkers emerged, democratic institutions, science, the rule of law, individualism, and rational enlightenment, and several developed countries in the West embarked on the road of modernization. Extract your own corresponding philosophers from the history of philosophy, and then dig deeper.

Read the History of Philosophy. One of the purposes of reading philosophy is to understand how certain philosophical questions are posed by one philosopher and how they are asked by other philosophers. For example, the pre-Socratic philosopher Thales raised the question of "water is the first principle", and his later philosophers gave different ones, such as Anaximander's "indefiniteness", Anaximenes' "qi", Heraclitus's "fire", and so on.

Reading the history of philosophy also helps us to have a holistic grasp of philosophers, so that I don't "go astray" when reading the original book and turn my head on the wrong side of the bull's head. According to the geographical division, the history of philosophy can be divided into the history of Western philosophy, the history of Eastern philosophy, the history of Chinese philosophy, etc.; According to the era, the history of philosophy can be divided into the history of ancient philosophy and the history of modern philosophy; According to the theme and era, the history of philosophy can be divided into the history of ancient Greek philosophy, the history of Enlightenment philosophy, the history of medieval philosophy, the history of philosophy in the 17th century, the history of philosophy in the 18th century, and so on. Although it is important to read and study the history of philosophy, it is not enough to read the history of philosophy, we also need to read the original works of philosophy and write reading notes.

The reading of the history of philosophy can be divided into two categories: one is before reading the original works of philosophy, the main purpose of which is to understand the context of the development of philosophy and the core issues discussed by philosophers, and the other is after reading the original works of philosophy, the main purpose of which is to learn from the philosophical thinking of other scholars on a specific era or theme, so as to deepen their understanding of philosophy.

Phenomenology of Spirit, Metaphysics, Critique of Pure Reason. If you can read these three books to the end (just keep reading them), it shows that you have true love for philosophy.