What determines the complexity of cellular function

In the BA option, there are no chloroplasts in the cells in the root part of the green plant, in fact, all the cells in the dark part of the green plant do not have chloroplasts.

In option B, the ribosomes and centrosomes of mouse cells are both membrane-free organelles, ribosomes are composed of RNA and proteins, and centrosomes are mainly composed of microtubule structures. So there is no phospholipid layer.

In option C, man, as an animal, can only complete the first stage of respiration under anaerobic conditions, that is, to decompose glucose into pyruvate, and then decompose it into lactic acid. In the case of plants, it is decomposed into alcohol and carbon dioxide, and in the d option, cyanobacteria, as a representative of prokaryotes, have a membrane structure, but do not have a complete cellular structure and do not have chromosomes.

Pick me, choose me.

The choice of d a is that the root cells of green plants do not have chloroplasts.

The ribosomes and centrosomes do not have organelle membranes and are not phospholipid layers.

c. Human cells undergo anaerobic respiration under anaerobic conditions to decompose organic matter and produce lactic acid.

a. Mitochondria are the main site of aerobic respiration, and 95% of the energy of living organisms comes from mitochondria, also known as "power factories", but anaerobic organisms do not contain mitochondria, a is wrong;

b. Ribosomes can synthesize proteins, which are the "synthesis machines" of proteins, which are widely distributed in eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells, and B is correct;

c. The endoplasmic reticulum is the "synthesis workshop" of lipids, which can synthesize sex hormones, but the place of cellulose synthesis is the Golgi apparatus, and C is wrong;

d. Lysosomes are "digestion workshops", which have a decomposition effect on the senescent cell structure of their own body under normal physiological conditions

Therefore, b

Protein. Although phospholipid molecules are made up of cell membranes.

the main chemical component, but its biological activity is very little;

Proteins are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer.

, complete the cell membrane material absorption, information recognition and other functions. The function of the cell membrane is fulfilled by the protein generation! Therefore, the substance that determines the functional complexity of the cell membrane is protein!

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus coated by a nuclear membrane, are smaller than eukaryotic cells, and have a simpler structure.

Eukaryotic cells are surrounded by a nuclear membrane with a nucleus and a very complex cell structure.

Prokaryotes: bacteria (mycoplasma, lactic acid bacteria, Escherichia coli, pneumococcus, actinomycetes......Cyanobacteria (aka: cyanobacteria).

Eukaryotes: animals, plants, fungi (yeasts, molds, edible fungi).

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Because you see, the prokaryotic cell has a lot fewer organelles than the eukaryotic one, so it has a much lower cell structure and complexity. Comparatively, eukaryotic cells are more structurally and complex.

Cells can be divided into eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells based on their structure and complexity.

1. Red blood cells are mammalian mature red blood cells that do not have a nucleus, even if human red blood cells do not have a nucleus, they still have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and still have their own functions. As long as there is a cell structure, it can reflect the unity of cell structure and function. It doesn't matter if it's eukaryotic or prokaryotic or red blood cells.

2. Cyanobacteria are prokaryotes, but it has no chromosomes, no nuclear membrane, and no complex organelles, but it still has DNA There is only one kind of organelle, that is, ribosomes, but isn't DNA and ribosomes enough for transcription and translation? If it can't transcribe and translate, it can't synthesize proteins, so how can spirulina survive?

3. In high school, it can be assumed that all cells contain two kinds of nucleic acids (?).

Actually, you just have to remember: there is only one kind of nucleic acid, only the virus: DNA, viruses only have DNA, no RNA, RNA, viruses only have RNA, no DNA...

In high school, both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms have both DNA and RNA.

Is it possible to observe guard cells at the same time as the loading of chloroplasts? Why?

Yes, you can use the leaf epidermis to mount the film, and sometimes you can see the stomata on the leaf epidermis while observing the chloroplast, and the two nephrogenic cells on the side of the stomata are the guard cells.

When looking at the mitochondria of oral epithelial cells, how to adjust the visual field when seeing half bright and half dark?

Answer: Adjust the aperture.

Half bright and half dark is when the aperture is not stuck in place, and it usually happens when you are tuned to between 2 apertures.

Bubbles in the slide, remember: a circle with a black border around the middle bright is the bubble.

There is a high degree of unity in structure and function, and the following explanations for the cell as a unified whole are: a is not the Golgi apparatus but the endoplasmic reticulum This is a direct link between the biofilm system.