Methods of vine cultivation, vine cultivation techniques

The vine cultivation techniques are as follows:1. Prune in summer, wipe the buds and tie the tips and remove the tendrils, erase too many useless young shoots in the early stage of growth, and tie the new shoots to the wire when they are about 3cm long, so as not to be blown off by the wind, and remove the tendrils at the same time.

2. Topping and removing secondary shoots, about 5 days before flowering, to improve the fruit setting rate. Generally, leave more than 5 leaves on the fruit spike and remove the top shoots.

3. After topping, the secondary shoots begin to germinate, remove all the lower secondary shoots of the fruit spike, and leave 2 leaves above the secondary tips of the fruit spike before topping. After topping, the secondary tip occurs again, and the same method is continued for the secondary tip or the third secondary tip issued later.

Viticulture technology mainly includes pruning technology, fertilizer and water technology, flower and fruit technology and pest control technology.

With the continuous development of technology called grape dragon drying technology, the yield can be doubled. Pruning technique: planting must require north and south rows, each plant retains two main vines, winter pruning for the main vine for ultra-long pruning, and the secondary vines are all cut off.

In early spring, the temperature begins to germinate at 10°C, and the higher the temperature, the faster the germination. The flowering period is suitable for 25-30*C, and in case of low temperature, rain and fog, and dry wind, the pollination and fertilization are poor, resulting in a large halo of flowers and fruits. July to September is the ripening period of berries, if the temperature is insufficient, the berries are poorly colored, the sugar content is reduced, and even not fully ripe.

Grapes are planted on well-ventilated, sunny and well-drained fertile plots. In northern China, spring planting is mostly adopted, and field planting can be carried out in mid to late April.

There is a lot of rainfall before flowering, and the growth of new shoots is too vigorous, which consumes the nutrients stored in the plant; The flowering period is rainy and the fertilization is poor, resulting in flower drop; The fruit is rainy from hypertrophy to maturity, with insufficient light, low sugar content, poor coloration, poor quality, and easy to crack the fruit. High temperatures, high rains and humidity are also the main reasons for the increase in grape diseases.

The vine cultivation techniques are as follows:

1. Seedling selection

The quality of grape seedlings directly affects the fruit setting rate of grapes, so when selecting seedlings, it is necessary to choose full and strong seedlings with developed root systems, complete preservation, and no pests and diseases. It is also necessary to take into account the characteristics of the local climate and select the right vines for growth.

2. Seedling treatment

After the grape seedlings are selected, they should be pruned accordingly, and the seedlings should be followed to leave more than 3 full buds. Cut the side branches short, about 15 cm, and soak the pruned vines in clean water. Let the seedlings absorb full water and disinfect them before planting.

3. Cover with mulch

In order to protect from the wind and rain when planting, you can choose black mulch to cover the greenhouse. The aim is to maintain ground temperature and humidity, reduce weed growth and increase the rate of grape growth. After the grape seedlings are planted, the survival of the seedlings should be checked frequently and the replanting work should be done.

4. Fertilization

Grape seedlings bud for half a month, and when 7-8 new leaves grow, top dressing begins, and nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used in the early stage. It can promote the growth of grape seedlings and speed up the formation of plants. When fertilizing, pay attention to the concentration not too high to avoid burning seedlings and damaging the root system.

After fertilization, do a good job of watering, if you find that the grapes are vigorous, you should stop using nitrogen fertilizer and start topdressing potassium fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer.

5. Pest control

Pests and diseases that need to be prevented in the early stages of grapes are beetles, green bugs and black pox, and in the later stages of the grape process, downy mildew needs to be prevented. In addition to pest and disease prevention, it is important to keep the soil moist when the seedlings are first planted, and reduce the frequency and amount of watering during the growing season.

1. Choose a high and sunny location for planting grapevines, and the vines are suitable for growing in the soil with good water retention, good air permeability, and loose and fertile soil. When planting conventionally, dig a deep pit of more than 1 meter in the planting position, and you can use pastoral *, coarse sand, and humus soil according to 3:3:

4 to mix filling, you can also use coarse sand, garden soil, puffed chicken manure according to 2:7:1 to mix and fill, after filling a little steady, in the pot should also be patted flat soil, the grape sapling root protection slowly put into the hall, watering and then cover the fine soil again.

2. Sufficient lightThe vine needs sufficient light to maintain growth, and it can be placed in the sun for 6-8 hours a day. In the summer, when the temperature is high and the light is too strong, the strong light can cause the leaves to curl and turn yellow, and shade nets can be used to block the strong light.

3. The erection of the frame should be completed before the grapes enter the growing period, and the shelf should be firm and able to withstand strong winds. Along the rows, a pillar should be erected at equal intervals, the height of the pillar should be in meters, and the frame surface should be perpendicular to the ground. When the new shoots grow to about 50 cm, you can start to lead the vines to the shelves, and after the branches are put on the shelves, water them once every half month.

Fourth, water and fertilizer management after the planting of grape tree seedlings, watering once every 7-10 days, in the early stage of growth can be watered, water can penetrate the soil, to avoid the retention of stagnant water can not seep, in rainy days pay special attention to avoid leaving stagnant water. In the later stage of growth, it can not be irrigated with large water, and it can be flooded with small water. After watering, you can apply some compound fertilizer, thin fertilizer is applied frequently, boron fertilizer can be sprayed once every half a month, and the borax solution sprayed before flowering is conducive to improving the fruit setting rate.

4. Pruning management In order to prevent the crazy growth of grape vines, you can properly cut off some branches and leaves, but you can't cut all of them and you need to keep the leaves that can cover the grape fruits, because if the sun is too strong, it is easy to make the grape fruits sunburn, so after pruning the branches and leaves, you must pay attention to fertilization. The above is the cultivation and management of the vines, which are generally cylindrical in branches, with a flowering period of April and May and fruiting from August to September. If you want to plant grapes with high yields, growers must master the planting methods of grapevines, manage them scientifically, and prevent diseases and pests of grapevines in time.

Every time you plant a vine, you need to choose a suitable soil for it. The vines need to grow in loose soils, breathable and water-retaining soils, with high fertility, and can be made with humus, pastoral soil, and coarse sand according to 4:3

3 ratios, or garden soil, coarse sand, puffed chicken manure in a ratio of 7:2:1, both of which are suitable for growing vines.

Vines like to grow in the sun, and a lack of sunlight can lead to poor growth and poor fruit quality. Allowing the vines to receive plenty of sunlight will encourage the vines to grow better and produce delicious fruit. However, in the summer, it is necessary to protect it from the sun with a shade net, or move it to a place where it is scattered to avoid sunburn.

Watering is very important in the vine cultivation technique, the vine should not be watered too often, otherwise the roots will rot, and the vine needs to be properly watered to meet its water needs. Generally, it is best to water every 7 10 days in spring and autumn, every 2 3 days in summer, once a day when the temperature is too high, and every 10 or 15 days in winter.

Grapes need to know when to plant, how to propagate, fertilizer and water management.

Tree grape is a fruit that integrates beauty, health care and medicinal use. It is highly valued in food, medicine, and gardening. Its fruit is high and the economic benefits are high.

China has a long history of growing vine grapes. After years of cultivation and grafting, there are now dozens of varieties of tree grapes.

The following are the cultivation methods and management of tree grapes:

Besides, it's a sunny day, and even good lighting is needed. Generally, it is better to plant piglets in spring and autumn. Some areas are suitable for planting because of the low summer temperatures, such as Yunnan and Hainan in China, but others are better planted in spring and autumn.

This is because the temperature is not high or low, the water evaporates less after planting, watering causes disease, and the survival rate of breeding pigs is relatively high.

Propagation methods: There are many methods of propagation of mountain grapes, including seed propagation, graft propagation, and cuttings propagation. Each method has different results and uses.

Germination generally occurs within 20-40 days of planting. It is related to pay attention to the temperature of the growing environment. Grafting is also one of the methods commonly used in the local area.

It takes 6-10 years for vine grapes to bear fruit when propagated by seed, but if grafting is used, it can be made to bear fruit earlier, shortening it by 2-3 years. However, this method is suitable for autumn and winter seasons with high survival rates, and is not suitable for other seasons.

Pruning: After the grape bud has sprouted, the buds should be rubbed and the heavy buds, multiple buds and too weak buds should be wiped off. After the new shoots are formed, they should be tied tightly on both sides with iron wires to increase the canopy area, increase the light-receiving area of the leaves, and synthesize more nutrients.

In addition, it can also control the vigorous growth of new shoots, promote their more branches, and promote flower bud differentiation. Grapes grow slowly and usually do not need to be pruned, but in order to create a good tree shape, prune the vigorous branches at the top in time, and prune dense branches and overgrown branches in autumn.