What is China in ancient times?What was the ancient city called

The Historical Meaning and Changes of the Word "China" The word "China" first appeared in the "Book of Songs" of the Zhou Dynasty, such as "Daya Minlao" "Hui This China". However, this kind of "China" in the "Book of Songs" is actually "Beijing", and it does not really refer to the country. The word "China" that refers to the state is not uncommon in the Warring States Zhuzi books.

For example, "Mencius Tengwen Gong Shang" cloud: "Chen Liang's origin satellite topographic map of China, the way of Yue Zhou Gongzhongni, the north learned in China", and "the way of the beast's hoofs and birds, handed over to China";"Zhuangzi Tian Zifang": "The gentleman of China, who knows the courtesy and righteousness and knows the hearts of the people", ......These all illustrate:

The so-called "China" in ancient times refers to the "Central Plains" in later generations. However, the area is not as wide as the Central Plains in later generations, and it is only equivalent to most of present-day Shaanxi, southwest Shanxi, and northwest Henan. The frequent use of the word "China" was mainly after the Zhou Dynasty.

The Book of Rites: The Royal System has clouds:"China's Yirong, the people of the five directions, all have sex and ......China, barbarian, Yi, Rong, and Di all have peace. "It's very obvious, at this time"The term "China" is used in opposition to the barbarians, Yi, Rong, and Di.

If the "Book of Rites" was written later, then "Zuo Chuan: The Thirty-first Year of Zhuang Gong" does"Where the princes have the merits of the four yi, they will be dedicated to the king, and the king will be warned. China is no", which shows the early Spring and Autumn Period"The word "China" has been used as a counterpoint to barbarian, Yi, Rong, and Di. So"China" refers to whom, "The Legend of the Ram: The Fourth Year of the Xi Gong" said:

Nanyi and Beidi are intertwined, and China is endless. Duke Huan saved China and killed Jing, taking this as the king's business. "Qi Huan Gong rescued Xing Guo, Wei Guo and other countries, which is called"Save China", which shows this at this time"China", has been expanded to be perceived"Zhuxia".

The Legend of the Ram: The Fifteenth Year of Chenggong has: ""Spring and Autumn" is the summer inside the country, and the summer is outside the summer. The king wants to be the world, and it is easy to be the outside and the inside, and the words are from the nearest.

He Xiu, a master of Eastern Han Dynasty classics, further exerted the theory of the Ram School and idealized the 242-year history recorded in the Spring and Autumn Period into three stages. Namely: "the world of the heard", "the world of the heard" and "the world of the seen".

It is rumored that the world is ruled by ...... in the midst of decayTherefore, the inner country and the outer summer", "the world heard to see the rule of the peace, the inner summer and the outside of the Yidi", "to see the world to govern the peace, Yi Di into the lord, the world far and near small and big as one". Although the facts of historical development in the past 242 years are not so idealistic, we must admit that this concept has made some correct understanding and prediction of the law of the development of ethnic relations. The Xia and Shang periods should be the formative period of the Chinese nation; The formation of the "Zhou Rite", which is the culmination of the Chinese institutional culture and spiritual culture, is the symbol of the final formation of the Chinese nation.

Guanxia, Shang, Zhou, Spring and Autumn, the states continued to differentiate, some entered the Huaxia group, some entered the barbarian, Yi, Rong group, such a country as the country, once swayed between Yixia, and finally entered the Huaxia group, becoming a member of the "Zhuxia".

China means the center of the world, and among all the countries, the stars and the moon are arched.

In ancient times, "city" and "city" were separated, so in ancient times, there was only "...city "and no"...city".

Fundamentally speaking, there are two types of "city" and "city" because of "city" and "city", because of "city" and "city" is the formation of the city, the city is developed on the basis of the city, this type of city is mostly seen in strategic places and border cities, such as Tianjin originated from Tianjin Wei.

The "city" and "city" are the cities formed due to the development of the city, that is, the formation of the market first and then the city, this kind of city is more common, it is the product of human economic development to a certain stage, and is essentially the trading center and gathering center of human beings.

For example: 1. Warring States Period.

Linzi, Xianyang, Handan, Daliang (Kaifeng), Yingdu (Jingzhou), Zhengcheng (Xinzheng), Qufu, Luoyang, Chengdu, Gusu (Suzhou).

Second, the Qin Dynasty. Thistle (Beijing), Xianyang.

3. Western Han Dynasty.

Chang'an (Xi'an), Luoyang, Chengdu (Shu County), Wancheng (Nanyang), Handan, Linzi, Pengcheng (Xuzhou), Changsha, Panyu (Guangzhou), Guangling (Yangzhou).

Fourth, the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Luoyang, Chang'an (Xi'an), Wancheng (Nanyang), Chengdu, Pengcheng (Xuzhou), Xuchang, Jingzhou, Changsha, Xiangyang, Yecheng (the main body of Yecheng has disappeared) (Linzhang, Anyang).

5. Three Kingdoms period.

Luoyang, Chang'an (Xi'an), Jianye (Nanjing), Yizhou, Chibi (Wuhan), Chengdu, Jingzhou, Xuchang, Xuzhou, Changsha, Liangzhou (Wuwei), Youzhou (Beijing).

The ancient hollow lead country refers to a period in Chinese history, from about 2070 BC to 221 AD, also known as ancient Chinese history. This period covered many important dynasties and dynasties, such as the Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, etc. Ancient China was an important stage in Chinese history and had a profound impact on Chinese culture, politics, economy and society.

The geographical scope of ancient China was relatively small, mainly concentrated in the Yellow River basin and the Yangtze River basin. The Yellow River Basin is the heartland of China and one of the cradles of Chinese civilization. During the ancient Chinese period, the Yellow River basin was the most important agricultural production area in China, as well as a political and cultural center.

The Yangtze River basin gradually rose to prominence during the ancient Chinese period and became an important economic and cultural center in the southern region.

The political system of ancient China was mainly based on the monarchy, and different dynasties had different dynasties and rulers. During the ancient Chinese period, the feudal system gradually took shape, with the aristocracy holding political and economic power, while the peasants were at the bottom of society. At the same time, many important thinkers and philosophers also appeared in ancient China, such as Confucius, Laozi, Mozi, etc., whose ideas had a profound impact on Chinese society.

The economy of ancient China was mainly based on agriculture, and farmers were the main pillars of the social economy. In ancient China, agricultural production technology gradually developed, and farmers created many agricultural tools and planting techniques, which improved the level of agricultural production. In addition, there were some handicrafts and commercial activities in ancient China, such as iron manufacturing, silk production, and maritime **.

The culture of ancient China is rich and diverse, including literature, art, Zen, dance, and other aspects. There are many classics in ancient Chinese literature, such as the Book of Songs and the Analects. There are also many art forms in ancient China, such as bronzes, ceramics, etc.

Ancient China's ** and dance are also unique, representative works include "Guangling San", "Ni Dress and Feather Dance" and so on.

In conclusion, ancient China was an important period in Chinese history and had a profound impact on China's culture, politics, economy and society. The geographical scope of ancient China is mainly concentrated in the Yellow River basin and the Yangtze River basin, the political system is dominated by the monarchy, the economy is based on agriculture, and the cultural aspects cover many fields such as literature, art, ** and dance. Understanding the history of ancient China is of great significance to understanding China's modern development and cultural heritage. Mori Chen.

Ancient China originated in the Yellow River Valley.

Symbols of ancient Chinese civilization: oracle bone inscriptions, the Great Wall.

The Yellow River, known as the Great River in ancient China, originates in the Bayankala Mountains of Qinghai Province, China, flows through 9 provinces and regions of Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong, and finally flows into the Bohai Sea in Kenli County, Dongying City, Shandong Province, with a total length of 5,464 kilometers, which is the second longest river in China, second only to the Yangtze River Sunyouyan, and the fifth longest river in the world. In Chinese history, the Yellow River and its coastal basins have had a huge impact on human civilization, and it is the birthplace of the Chinese nation, which the Chinese call it"Mother River"。

The states of Yan, Zhao, Korea, and Wei during the Six Kingdoms period were located within the territory of present-day China. Here are their counterparts to modern cities:

1.Yanguo: The Yanshan region, which included parts of present-day Beijing and Hebei Province.

2.Zhao Guo: The capital of Zhao is Handan, and the current location is in Handan City, Hebei Province.

3.Han Pei Chongguo: The old Korea is located in the southern part of Shanxi Province, the southern part of Henan Province and the northern part of Anhui Province, and its capital is called Hancheng, which is now located in Hancheng City, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province.

4.Wei State: The capital of Wei State is Daliang City, and its current location is in Kaifeng City, Henan Province.

Most of the territory of the Chu State is located in the area of present-day Hunan Province and Hubei Province, and some are also located in parts of Jiangxi Province and Anhui Province, and the location of modern cities does not exactly correspond to the ancient state, so it is impossible to accurately correspond Chu State to modern cities.

As for the state of Qi, as early as the Han Dynasty, the mausoleum was eliminated and disappeared by history, and its territory was located in the area of today's Shandong Peninsula, but there is no direct counterpart in modern cities.

The city is the first military facility, and the city is the first place of business.

In some places, there is a city first and then a city, and in some places, there is a city first and then a city.

The first city dwellers were soldiers, merchants, handicraftsmen, landless peasants, etc.

It is generally believed that the ancient Central Plains refers to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, the area where the Chinese tribes are concentrated, and the center is the ancient Yuzhou. With the great integration of the Chinese nation, as well as the expansion of Chinese culture or Zhou culture, it has spread. The Chinese people, who live in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and have a more advanced culture, regard themselves as civilized and call themselves China, in order to distinguish themselves from the Siyi.

Some of the surrounding areas of the Xia and Shang dynasties that were still part of the Yimandi, with the spread of Chinese culture, the division of the Chengkang world, also included in the Zhongyu Shayuan culture subdued and destroyed the cover area. In fact, in addition to present-day Henan Province, the Central Plains during the two-week period mainly included parts of Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong and other provinces.

In modern times, the Central Plains region is generally used, and in a narrow sense, it mainly refers to Henan; In a broad sense, it refers to the "middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River", including:

The river is short of trouble. Southern Hebei Province.

Southern Shanxi Province.

Western part of Shandong Province.

Northwest of Jiangsu Province.

Anhui Province. The northern part of Hubei Province.