What is Reproduction? What is it about

Reproduction is a process of social production that is constantly and repeatedly. From the perspective of enterprises, starting from the form of money, it is transformed into the form of production and the form of commodities, and then ends in the form of money. And so on and so forth, in order to maintain the existence and development of human society.

From the perspective of the process of social reproduction, it includes four links of production, distribution, exchange, and consumption, which affect and restrict each other, of which production plays a decisive role. According to the scale, it can be divided into simple reproduction and expanded reproduction. The former is the duplication of production on the original scale, and the latter is the increase in the total amount of production compared with the original.

Reproduction is also the reproduction of labor power and the reproduction of production relations. Reproduction is first of all the reproduction of material materials, and in the reproduction of material materials, the means of production for production and consumption and the means of consumption for living consumption are continuously regenerated.

Chinese name: reproduction.

Foreign name: reproduction

Contents: Iterative production process.

In production: it is the continuous repetition and renewal of production, and in the production process is the continuous repetition and updating of the production process.

The production of society consists of two aspects: on the one hand, the reproduction of material materials, and on the other hand, the production of production relations. Therefore, the production of society is the unity of the reproduction of material materials and the reproduction of production relations.

RawThe continuous repetition and frequent renewal of the production process is not only the reproduction of material materials from the perspective of its contents, but also the reproduction of material materialsProduction relationsof reproduction.

Social reproduction describes the structure of society.

and systematic reproduction, based primarily on specific prerequisites in terms of demographics, education, and material property inheritance or legal ownership (as in the case of the earlier aristocracy). Reproduction is understood as existing social relations.

maintenance and continuation. This concept was originally developed by Karl Marx.

What is proposed in Capital is a variant of Marx's concept of economic reproduction.

According to sociologist Pierre Bourdieu.

There are four types of capital that contribute to social reproduction: economic capital, cultural capital, and social capital.

and symbolic capital.

In this sense, social reproduction is different from Marxism.

A term used in feminism to discuss reproduced labor.

In this application, it is used to explain the role of women in the wider social and class structure, and their (often unrecognized) contribution to the capitalist economy through their (traditional) roles as childbearers and family caregivers in the family, as well as to further expand the role of women as providers of free labour necessary to produce and sustain current and future workers.

All four forms of capital by Pierre Bourdieu play a role in social reproduction, as capital is passed down from generation to generation and places people in the same social class as their parents before them. This constantly reproduces inequality through a system of social stratification. The four types of capital are:

1. Economic capital: A person's income and wealth are likely to be accompanied by a person's inheritance of cultural capital.

2. Cultural capital: shared views, beliefs, knowledge and skills transmitted from generation to generation, which in turn may affect human capital.

3. Human capital: the education and job training that a person receives, which contributes to the possibility of a person gaining social capital.

4. Social capital: The social network to which a person belongs can greatly affect a person's ability to find opportunities, especially employment.

Classify. It includes two aspects: the reproduction of material materials and the reproduction of population.

The reproduction of material means is the basis of the reproduction of the population. Only by repeatedly producing material materials and continuously providing the society with the necessary material materials can there be human existence and continuity; The reproduction of the population is also a condition for the continuous reproduction of material materials.

The continuous progress of the production of material materials is always accompanied by the continuous progress of the reproduction of the population. The development process of social reproduction is not only the development process of the reproduction of material materials from the lower level to the higher level, but also the development process of the population reproduction from the low level to the high level.

Social reproduction is divided into simple reproduction and enlarged reproduction, the latter of which is characterized by the former, mainly by whether the owners of capital transfer the entire surplus value.

for their own consumption to distinguish it.

Social reproduction is the unification of the reproduction of material materials and the reproduction of production relations, mainly for the following reasons:

First of all, from the point of view of content, social production refers to the process of people creating material wealth and spiritual wealth, and the continuous repetition and frequent renewal of the production process form social reproduction, and every change in the production process must consume material materials. At the same time, after the end of each production process, new material materials will be generated, and the process is repeated, which is called material material reproduction. Human society cannot stop consuming, and therefore cannot stop producing.

The reproduction of material materials not only provides a material basis for people's living needs, but also provides the necessary conditions for social reproduction.

Second, in the process of creating material materials, laborers form a variety of social relations, including production, distribution, exchange, consumption, etc. This kind of social relations system is called the production relationship, and the material materials are constantly being produced, and the social relations are also constantly changing, that is, the production relations are constantly changing, and this process is repeated and becomes the reproduction of production relations. In each production process, while producing certain material materials, certain production relations will also be maintained and developed.

It can be seen from this that the production and reproduction of the relations of production, like the production and reproduction of human material materials, have been in synergy and existed at the same time from the very beginning of human society. Therefore, in the process of economic development, when we talk about production and reproduction, we cannot only talk about the production and reproduction of material materials, but not about the production relations of production and reproduction.

Finally, the theory of reproduction of production relations is an important content of Marx's economics, which reveals the law of social development through the study of the reproduction process of production relations, so as to combine it with the reproduction of material materials and better promote social reproduction according to the requirements of the development of productive forces.

Through the definition of the concept of social reproduction, the above content reveals that social reproduction is an organic and unified relationship between the reproduction of material materials and the reproduction of production relations. The above content is for reference only, I hope it will be helpful to you.

First of all, it is the reproduction of material means, and any production must have the means of production and labor, and for this reason, the social production process must produce a certain means of production and means of subsistence while consuming certain means of production and means of subsistence, so that reproduction can continue. At the same time, it is the reproduction of the relations of production. Because any production process is carried out under a certain production relationship, with the continuous repetition and renewal of the production process, this production relationship will also be constantly maintained and developed.

Knowing how to produce refers to the process by which people create material and spiritual wealth. The purpose is to meet the needs of people's material and cultural life.

Reproduction, reproduction, is a production process that is constantly repeated. It includes two major aspects: human reproduction and material reproduction. Through the continuous reproduction (reproduction) of human beings themselves and the continuous reproduction of matter (means of production and means of life), and so on.

Therefore, social production must always be carried out continuously and repeatedly. If it is interrupted, society will perish. This kind of constantly renewed and repeated production is called "reproduction".

Differences:1The concept of exchange has been around for a long time.

As early as the time of barter, it began to exist. Exchange mostly occurs in the exchange of goods [commodity exchange], and at this time, the commodity economy has not yet appeared. But consumption is different.

First, he appeared in the period of the commodity economy, and secondly, it should have been common only when the commodity economy was developing relatively rapidly. 2.Consumption is an economic phenomenon that is relatively high relative to exchange.

These are the two names in calculating production costs, direct production costs and indirect production costs.

Direct production costs[1] refer to the expenses incurred in the production of the product and contribute to the formation of the product. Or simply understood as the cost of producing the product, the cost that will not be incurred if the product is not produced, we call it the direct production cost.

Direct production cost is the cost directly related to the production process of the product, such as raw materials, main materials, purchased semi-finished products, production workers' wages, depreciation of machinery and equipment, etc.

Indirect production costs refer to the expenses incurred for organizing production and operation and management that are not directly caused by the production process of the product, but are related to the overall conditions of the production process. The cost is a cost that is not directly related to the production process of the product, such as the consumption of machine materials, the wages of auxiliary workers and workshop managers, the depreciation of workshop buildings, etc.

The differences are as follows: <>

Social reproduction

Social reproduction: the constant repetition and renewal of the production process.

The process of social reproduction: an organic whole composed of four elements: production, distribution, exchange and consumption.

The total social product is also called the total social value in the form of value, and it is divided into including:

The transfer value of the means of production in the product (c).

The value condensed in the product and created by the necessary labor of the worker (v).

The value (m) condensed in the product and created by the worker in the remaining labor time.

Labor reproduction

Labor reproduction: the recovery and renewal of the labor capacity of laborers.

The value of the commodity of labor is determined by the value of the necessities of life necessary for the production, development, maintenance and continuation of the labor force, including 3 parts (living expenses, family expenses, education expenses):

The value of the means of subsistence necessary for the survival of the worker himself.

The value of the means of subsistence necessary for the survival of the worker's family.

The cost of education and training for workers: The composition of the value of labor includes a historical and moral factor.

The so-called social reproduction is the constant repetition and renewal of the production process. The process of social reproduction is an organic whole composed of four elements: production, distribution, exchange and consumption.

The reproduction of labor force refers to the restoration and renewal of the labor capacity of laborers. It includes the maintenance and restoration of the laborer's own working ability, the accumulation and teaching of labor skills, and the reproduction, cultivation and replenishment of new labor force. In the production process, the laborer produces a certain product, consumes a certain amount of physical and mental power, and only after proper rest and personal consumption (including the needs of food, clothing, housing, use, etc.) can the consumed labor capacity be compensated.

In order to provide a steady stream of labor, laborers must also feed their families and reproduce.

Explanation of reproduction: The process of increasing production in two ways: simply repeating the original scale or expanding the scale.

The process of reproduction in any society is the unity of the reproduction of material materials and the reproduction of production relations. Usually the purpose of studying capitalist reproduction is to further expose the exploitative nature of capitalism, so the reproduction of the relations of production is emphasized.

The meaning of reproduction:

Realizing the benign "reproduction" of the relationship between man and nature is an important content and necessary condition for building a community with a shared future for mankind.

It is necessary to "reproduce" a benign social relationship of harmony between man and nature, in which the natural world will become the basis of man's real existence and the element of real life, and man's natural existence is "man's existence in accordance with human nature", therefore, "society is the unity of man's completed essence with nature, the real resurrection of nature, the realization of man's naturalism and the realization of nature's humanism".