Attempt to illustrate the process of the southward shift of the economic center of gravity

The beginning and end of the southward shift of the economic center of gravity are as follows: The southward shift of the economic center of gravity in ancient China began during the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty, and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and ended in the Song and Song dynasties. 1. Start moving south:

The period of the Three Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties. Prior to this, the economic development of the north far exceeded that of the south, and the economic center of gravity was in the north, although the economic center of gravity also changed during this period, but it was always moving east and west in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. Since then, due to the development of Shu Han and Eastern Wu, the economy of the south has begun to develop.

2. The center of gravity of Jingzai Zhiji quickly shifted southward: the Sui and Tang dynasties. The center of gravity of the economy has shifted rapidly to the south, and economic development has basically tended to be balanced from the north to the south, and the south has begun to surpass the north.

In the last years of the Western Jin Dynasty and the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms, the south where the Southern Dynasties were located was further developed, and the social and economic development of the south was faster than that of the north. 3. The southward movement was finally completed: from the Northern Song Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty.

During the Northern Song Dynasty, the southern economy continued to develop sustainably, and by the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the economic center of gravity had completed the historical process of moving southward. The fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, the southern crossing of the Song Dynasty, and the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty marked the shift of China's economic center of gravity to the southeast, and China has steadily formed an economic pattern in which the southern economy is ahead of the north, and the most developed Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions in the south have become the economic center of gravity of the whole country for a long time.

From the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms period, the south was heavily developed.

The first stage is from ancient times to the Western Jin Dynasty. This stage is characterized by the economic development of the north far exceeding that of the south, and the economic center of gravity is in the north, although the economic center of gravity has also changed during this period, but it has always moved east and west in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. Until the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Wu.

Although the agriculture of the region has been developed to a certain extent, Cao Wei.

The Yellow River Basin is located.

The development of the regional economy still surpasses that of Wu Sanye and Shu.

From ancient times to the Western Jin Dynasty, the reason why China's economic center of gravity was in the north was mainly due to the good natural pure stove conditions in the Yellow River Basin in the north, the earliest development of this area by the Chinese ancestors and the capital cities of the major dynasties in the north. Three Kingdoms period.

Although the Wu Kingdom in the south and the Shu Kingdom in the southwest began to develop, its economic base.

Weak, this kind of development is only partially developed in Shu, and the economic development of the Cao Wei region is still more than that of Wu and Shu, which is the basis for the unification of the whole country in the Western Jin Dynasty in the future.

From the end of the Western Jin Dynasty to the Sui and Tang dynasties. This stage is characterized by the gradual shift of the economic center of gravity to the south, and the economic development has basically tended to balance from the north to the south. The last years of the Western Jin Dynasty and the Sixteen Kingdoms.

Period, Southern Dynasties.

The south where it is located has been further developed, and the social and economic development of the south is faster than that of the north.

However, to measure whether the level of economic development of a region exceeds that of other regions, we cannot only look at its development speed. Actual experience has proved that countries and regions that are economically backward are often economically backward due to the low starting point of economic development.

In the initial stage, the economic development rate will greatly exceed that of economically developed countries and regions.

Based on this, we cannot say that the economic development level and economic strength of the south at this time surpassed that of the north, but we can only say that the south is in the stage of economic development at this time, and the economic development speed of the south is relatively fast.

During the period of the Three Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, China's Jiangnan region developed rapidly, and an economic system of rice and wheat cultivation and waterways complementing each other was initially formedDuring the Sui and Tang dynasties, the development of the south caught up with the north;Northern song dynasty.

Jiangnan's economy continues to develop;Southern song dynasty.

The economy of the Jiangnan region has surpassed that of the north, and the economic center of gravity has shifted to the south.

The southward shift of the economic center of gravity has led to the southward shift of the cultural center of gravity, making Jiangnan a land of wealth and talents.

From the Northern Song Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty, the reason why the economic center of gravity continued to move south and was able to be finally completed is as follows:

1. Natural factors.

The climatic conditions of the Song Dynasty changed, making the south more suitable for agricultural development. At the same time, due to the early economic development in the north, soil erosion is serious, and human activities have seriously damaged the natural environment, and the environment has deteriorated, affecting agricultural production.

However, the economic development of the south since the Three Kingdoms period has laid a certain foundation for economic development, and the natural environment has been well maintained, thus providing favorable natural conditions for the economic development of the south.

2. Political factors.

This is manifested in the following ways: First, most of the territory ruled by the two Song Dynasty was in the south, and the political center of the Southern Song Dynasty was also moved to the south, which promoted the continued economic development of the south to a certain extent

Second, since the end of the Tang Dynasty, wars have been frequent in the north, while the south has been relatively stable, providing a relatively stable social environment for economic development

Third, during the Song and Song dynasties, the struggle of the people of the Central Plains against the plundering of the northern minority nobles prevented the northern minority nobles from moving south, saving the south from the scourge of warFourth, the rulers attached importance to economic development and adopted some policies conducive to economic development, thus promoting the economic development of the south.

3. Economic factors.

There are still many wars and turmoil in the north, while the social order in the south is relatively stable, and the people of the north have moved south in large numbers, providing a large number of laborers for the economic development of the south, so that the natural resources of the south can continue to be exploited and utilized, and the social and economic order will develop, so as to eventually surpass the north, and the national economic center of gravity has been shifted to the south.

First, the process. 1.Eastern Jin Dynasty and Southern Dynasties:

Towards balance. After the fall of the Western Jin Dynasty, the southern region experienced a regime change from the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Southern Dynasties. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties, the economic development of Jiangnan narrowed the economic gap between the north and the south and tended to be balanced, which laid the foundation for the gradual southward shift of China's economic center of gravity in the future.

2.The Five Dynasties of the Sui and Tang Dynasties: Began to move south.

During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the economies of both the north and the south achieved great development. The land resources in the Jiangnan region have been further developed and have become an important grain producing area. However, after the Anshi Rebellion, there was a situation of feudal towns in the north, and the economy of the north was seriously damaged again.

Our country's economic center of gravity has begun to shift southward. During the period of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, wars were frequent in the north, while there were fewer wars in the south and were relatively stable. Throughout the Five Dynasties period, China's economic center of gravity continued to shift southward, and the south increasingly became an advanced region of the national economy, and the population exceeded that of the north.

3.Two Song Dynasty: Finally completed.

During the Song and Song dynasties, wars were also frequent in the north. After the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Southern Song Dynasty regime was settled in the southeastern corner, which led to further economic development in the south. At that time, there was a proverb in the Taihu Lake basin that "the Suhu Lake is ripe, and the world is full", indicating that the agricultural production in the south of the Yangtze River has surpassed that of the north, completely replacing the position of the economic center of gravity in the north.

In the Yuan Dynasty, in order to solve the problem of "transporting grain from the south to the north", it also vigorously set up Cao Yun and opened up an unprecedented scale of shipping, which is enough to show the importance of the southern economy. It can be seen that the Southern Song Dynasty was the final stage of the southward shift of the economic center of gravity in ancient China. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the status of the southern economic center was consolidated and developed.

2. Reasons. The southward shift of the economic center of gravity in ancient China was the result of a combination of factors. The main manifestations are:

1.The long-term war in the north and the relative stability in the south have provided a favorable social environment for the economic development of the south. For example, during the Sui and Tang dynasties, the social economy was relatively prosperous, but later due to the influence of the Anshi Rebellion and the secession of feudal towns, the social stability in the north was destroyed. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, a large-scale war broke out in the north almost every ten years on average; During the Two Song Dynasty.

In the confrontation with the minority regimes, the wars continued one after another.

2.A large number of working people in the north moved south to escape the war, enriching the labor force of the south and bringing with them advanced tools and technologies. For example, from the end of the Western Jin Dynasty to the beginning of the Southern Dynasties, as many as 900,000 peasants moved south from the north, accounting for one-eighth of the total number of people in the north.

This provided sufficient labor for the economic development of the South. The people of the north who migrated south also brought advanced production technology from the Central Plains to the south. In the southern region, the primitive farming method of fire cultivation and water raking has developed to the use of manure as fertilizer.

Cattle farming was promoted.

3.The southward shift of the political center.

such as the Southern Dynasties and the Southern Song Dynasty) or eastward (such as the Ming and Qing dynasties), which accelerated the development of the south. In order to maintain their rule, the southern rulers adopted a series of measures conducive to economic development; During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the rulers of the Southern Tang Dynasty "built white ponds to irrigate fields" in Chuzhou; Wu Yue built many water conservancy facilities, such as the famous Hanhai Stone Pond.

4.The natural conditions in the south are good, suitable for agricultural development, and the external conditions are superior to those in the north.

There are many wars in the north, while the south is relatively peaceful and stable;

The peasants from the north moved south in large numbers, bringing with them advanced production technology and supplementing the labor force in the south of the Yangtze River;

In order to develop their strength, the rulers of Jiangnan paid more attention to economic development;

The working people of the north and south worked hard together to develop Jiangnan;

The production conditions and natural environment in the south are relatively superior.

1. Abundant rainfall, hot climate, fertile land, and superior conditions for the development of agriculture. 2. Since the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, many people fled to the Jiangnan region in order to escape the war, and the people who moved south brought labor to the south, as well as advanced production technology and different lifestyles. 3. There are fewer wars and turmoil in the Jiangnan region, the social order is relatively stable, and through the efforts of the north and the south, the economy of the south of the Yangtze River has developed rapidly, many water conservancy projects have been built, and a large area of wasteland has been reclaimed as fertile land.

Agriculture: Vigorously promote the cultivation of rice.

Artisanal: Cotton is grown over a large area.

Commerce: convenient transportation and a large number of output of ** goods.

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