What is interpersonal cognition? What are the cognitive biases in interpersonal communication

First, recognize your emotions.

Second, manage your emotions properly.

Third, self-motivation.

Fourth, recognize the emotions of others.

Fifth, the management of interpersonal relationships.

Some researchers believe that self-awareness, cognition and control of one's emotions are the primary basis of emotional intelligence, self-motivation is the driving force of emotional intelligence, and interpersonal relationships are an element of emotional intelligence.

In order to overcome the cognitive bias of people, trying to understand a person objectively, fairly and accurately is the premise and basis for adopting effective interpersonal relationship strategies for him, and to achieve this understanding, it is not enough to have rich experience and fair motivation, it also requires the cognitive subject to have a clear enough understanding of the various cognitive biases that may occur in this process, and then strive to overcome them.

1. Cognitive mode: The personal characteristics of the cognitive subject, as well as its cognitive level and cognitive orientation, constitute the cognitive framework in which the cognitive activities occur, which determines what kind of knowledge and moral level the subject is at, and from which specific information channel to start, cognition and interpretation. Therefore, there should be a self-evident premise for the knowledge of man:

Tolerance. 2. Subjective state: The immediate needs, interests and emotional states of the cognitive subject will affect the cognitive results of the cognitive objects in front of him, affect the selectivity of his cognition, and also affect the positivity and negativity of the cognitive results. Therefore, working on improving one's emotional intelligence should always be a must for leaders and managers.

3. The first cause effect: the first impression left by the cognitive object will very strongly affect the formation of our overall impression of him, which is caused by the individual's memory law, the psychological tendency of cognitive uniformity and the stereotyped effect of culture on thinking. Therefore, it is important to leave opportunities and leeway for the cognitive object to perform.

4. Halo effect: Just as the existence of the moon halo will distort our normal perception of the moon, if the cognitive object has a certain prominent feature, our understanding of it will be affected by this prominent feature, resulting in a change of "one good and one hundred good" or "one bad and one bad". We should strive to be comprehensive in our understanding of people.

5. Stereotype: Individuals like to take a shortcut when carrying out social cognition: they classify the current cognitive object into a category of people, and then use some fixed views about this type of person to speculate about the person in front of them.

Because it is a "class", it may be generalized, and because it is a fixed view, it may be outdated.

Interpersonal cognition refers to an individual's cognition of self, others, and relationships between people, but mainly refers to the cognition of others. It mainly consists of three parts, namely to oneself, to others, and to relationships.

Self-awareness refers to the understanding of all aspects of oneself, including one's own needs, interests, abilities and other personality traits and social roles. For example, I like to watch pure debate science fiction and fantasy, I like to watch suspense TV series, I long for physical and mental freedom, and I have a stable pipeline income. I know I'm good at listening, learning, not good at speaking, etc.

Cognition of others is the process by which individuals infer their motivations, attitudes, thoughts, personalities and other psychological characteristics from their external characteristics and behaviors. We use a person's behavior, mannerisms, and attitude towards others to determine whether the other person and us are the same kind of people, and whether they can continue to walk. The cognition of others is complex, one is that it is indirect, and we can only understand it through some indirect characteristics, but we cannot understand the real thoughts of the other person.

The second is the cognitive level of the cognitor, each person's cognitive experience is different, and the insight and understanding of things are different.

Cognition of relationships between people, perceptions of one's own relationships with others, and relationships between others and others. For example, what is the relationship between us.

Interpersonal cognition includes: self-perception; cognition of others; Cognition of relationships between people.

Interpersonal cognition refers to the understanding of the relationship between people, and is a major content of social cognition, which includes the understanding of individuals to individuals, individuals to groups, groups to individuals, groups to groups, and groups to themselves. Interpersonal cognition is limited to the understanding of the mutual relationship between people in interpersonal communication, the respective characteristics and characteristics of both parties to communication, and does not involve the understanding of the deeper social relationship and social nature between people.

Types of interpersonal cognition

1. Cognition of others' banquets.

Cognition of others refers to the process of judging the needs, motivations, interests, emotions and personality of others through the perception of the external characteristics of others when interacting with others. Symbolic features such as clothing and hairstyles provide information for perceiving a person's age, occupation, role, and identity, and partially reflect a person's motivations, personality, and other characteristics, giving people a distinct impression when they first come into contact with it.

2. Self-awareness.

Self-awareness is the awareness of one's own needs, interests, abilities, personality, behavior, and state of mind. Only when a person correctly understands himself can he be neither humble nor arrogant in social interactions, and can coordinate interpersonal relationships appropriately and freely. Otherwise, self-esteem is too high, no one in the eyes, will inevitably cause the disgust of everyone, some studies have shown that arrogant people are more annoying than people who do not learn and do not know, because he directly dampens the self-esteem of others.

3. Cognition of the relationship between people.

Cognition of relationships between people, including cognition of one's own relationships with others and relationships between others. The cognition of interpersonal relationships is a process of mutual perception, in which people perceive others according to their own motivations and value systems, and at the same time observe others' perceptions and attitudes towards themselves, and modify their own behaviors and reactions in this way.

Chinese scholars have expounded five ways and methods to understand the human mind from the Chinese language, namely, observing behavior, observing language, observing appearance, observing the people around him, and examining one's own mind. Psychology also has certain methods, similar to those of traditional Chinese culture.

The first is the appearance of a person, such as appearance, clothing, appearance and demeanor, and other internal characteristics of cognition of others. If the person is always dressed casually, it can indicate to a certain extent that he is still relatively relaxed, and it also reflects that the person does not care much about the outside.

The second is expression, we can tell whether what a person says is true or false by the expression she shows when she speaks. And the expressions are very rich and full of vitality, including facial expressions, body expressions, and verbal expressions. Human expressions are very instinctive parts, with cross-cultural and even cross-human and animal similarities.

There are many different ways to laugh with facial expressions, there are laughs, there are smiles, there are laughter that relieve tension, etc., laughter in different backgrounds is complex, and the meaning of laughter in different countries is also different. Real laughter is generally the upward movement of the mouth, and the texture of the tail of the corner of the eye, the smile of the eyes is the real smile, if it is just a mouth smile, it will be a little embarrassing. If you want to decipher other people's expressions, the best way is to pay attention to the other person's gaze, as the saying goes, the eye is the window to the soul, it is the most difficult to disguise and control, through the recognition of the eye, you can get real information.

Normally, what a person is looking at, then what he sees is what he always pays attention to. And being able to see the little star from a person's eyes shows that she appreciates and affirms you very much.

Body posture can express a lot of information, such as nodding to express affirmation, approval, in the process of talking to someone, you can feedback from the other person's posture that he attaches importance to the content of your conversation, he is facing you, his eyes are looking at you, leaning forward, doing straight, indicating that he attaches great importance to your conversation. In addition to body posture and facial expressions, you can also recognize a person's personality by the tone and speed of his speech, or his behavior, or through his books and works.

Interpersonal cognition includes ().

a.Self-awareness.

b.cognition of others;

c.Cognition of relationships between people.

d.Cognition of the social environment.

Correct Answer: Self-awareness; the perception of repentance of others; Recognize the relationship between people.

The ways of interpersonal cognition include observing behavior, language, appearance, the people around him, and examining one's own mind.

Interpersonal cognition is the internal characteristics of the process in which individuals observe and understand the external characteristics and explicit behaviors of others, form impressions, and judge their psychological state, personality characteristics, behavioral motivations and intentions.

Interpersonal cognition includes self-perception and cognition of others.

Self-awareness, including cognition of one's own physical condition (such as health, fat and thin, etc.), cognition of one's own psychological condition, and cognition of one's own social relationships.

The cognition of interpersonal relationships with others mainly includes the cognition of others' appearance, the cognition of others' expressions, the cognition of others' personalities, the cognition of others' personalities, the cognition of interpersonal relationships, and the cognition of social roles.

1. Role relationship.

The relationship is based on the role, and if both people behave in line with the character's expectations, the relationship will be harmonious. In other words, if the relationship between two people meets social expectations, the interpersonal relationship will be harmonious. Society has expectations for roles, and there are also expectations for role relationships.

2. Emotional relationship.

There are two main types of emotional relationships: intimacy and detachment. The latter is also called independence and differentiation. It is determined by two forces, one is the concentric force and the other is the centrifugal force.

When the concentric force is greater than the centrifugal force, the regret is manifested as intimacy; When the centrifugal force is greater than the concentric force, it is manifested as detachment, or independence.

3. Deep linking.

Deep linking focuses more on similarity and complementarity. Similarity refers to some commonalities that exist between the two parties in a social network, such as the same life experience, the same hobbies, etc. Complementarity means that there are characteristics such as complementary personalities, complementary abilities, and complementary work.

Interpersonal cognition refers to the understanding of others' behaviors and thoughts and enhance their own cognitive ability through communication and relationships with others in the process of communication and relationship in life. Reasons for the problem:1

Lack of initiative: Some people lack initiative, they do not actively participate in social activities, do not participate in many activities, do not participate in social gatherings much, do not take the initiative to introduce themselves to others, thus affecting the ability to build interpersonal relationships. 2.

Lack of communication skills: Some people lack communication skills, they don't know how to communicate with others, they don't know how to use words to express their thoughts, and they don't know how to get along with others, which affects the ability to build relationships. 3.

Lack of social skills: Some people lack social skills, they don't know how to communicate with others, they don't know how to grasp the tone of speech, they don't know how to express their thoughts, which affects their ability to build relationships. Workaround and Procedure Steps:

3.Participate in more activities: Participating in activities can help you get in touch with more people, establish good interpersonal relationships, communicate with more people, learn more social skills, and improve your own society.