The Song Dynasty began to study here, why is Yingtian Academy the first of the four great academies

Because the ancient city of Shangqiu had a special status in the Northern Song Dynasty - Shangqiu was the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. After Yingtianfu in the Northern Song Dynasty was upgraded to Nanjing, Yingtian Academy was also upgraded to Guozijian, becoming the only academy among the four major academies of Guozijian.

The Song Dynasty began to study here, and Yingtian Academy produced many talents, and was known as the first of the four great academies in ancient times.

Yingtian Academy ranks first among the "Four Great Academies" of the Northern Song Dynasty for its long history, large scale, far-reaching influence, and many talents.

Academies sprouted in the late Tang Dynasty, and in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, academies flourished, and many famous academies appeared throughout the country, so that the saying of the "Four Great Academies" was born. The development of the academy flourished in the Song Dynasty, and the main reasons for this are as follows: First, the academy inherited and carried forward the fine tradition of private lectures.

Private lectures appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period, and the most important influential figure was of course Confucius. Confucius upheld the spirit of education without class, brought scholarship from the government to the people, became the first person to advocate civilian education, and was revered as the most holy teacher by later generationsUnder the leadership of Confucius, private lectures prevailed.

Private lectures are an important function of the College. After the Tang and Song dynasties, in order to resist Buddhism and Taoism, under the advocacy of Han Yu, the revival movement of Confucianism began. In the Song Dynasty, Neo-Confucianism appeared, and the ideas of physicists were often spread in the academies.

Second, the development of printing. Book collection is one of the three major functions of the academy, and it is also the earliest function to appear, and the popularization of printing technology has contributed to the mass production and circulation of books, enriching the collection of books in each academy. Third, the lack of government learning cannot satisfy the desire of scholars to study.

In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, after the wars of the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, it was not possible to rebuild the official school immediately, so the academies appeared one after another, replacing the official school as an important place for educating people. The monarchs of the early Northern Song Dynasty also actively advocated and supported the establishment of private academies, and the most common way was to give academies quotas, books, and study fields. In terms of the amount, Song Taizong once gave the amount to Henan Taimur Academy; Song Zhenzong once gave the amount to Yingtian Academy and Yuelu Academy.

In terms of giving books, Song Taizong gave the Nine Classics to the Taimur Academy and the White Deer Cave Academy; Song Zhenzong donated Guozijian's books to various academies more extensively, enriching the collection of books in the academies. In terms of land granting, it began with Song Renzong, and many academies received the best school fields. For example, Maoshan Academy, Shigu Academy, Songyang Academy, Yingtian Academy, etc. have records of receiving fields.

Fourth, it was influenced by the lectures of Buddhism in the mountains and forests. Since the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Buddhist monks have built temples everywhere in order to spread Buddhist teachings, and most of these temples are located in famous mountain resorts with beautiful scenery and inaccessible people. After the Tang Dynasty, lectures in the mountains and forests became an important place for Confucian scholars to study, so when Confucian scholars wanted to establish academies, they often chose scenic spots to establish academies.

In addition, the system of Buddhist monks giving lectures in the mountains and forests was also used by the academy, for example, the abbot was the senior monk who presided over the temple, and the seowon was relatively headed by the mountain chief. Based on the above four reasons, the seowon gradually flourished and matured in the Song dynasty, and the seowon system was adopted by subsequent dynasties.

Yuelu Academy, Bailudong Academy, Songyang Academy, and Yingtianfu Academy have cultivated a large number of outstanding talents, and this group of intellectual elites has made brilliant achievements in all aspects during the Song Dynasty.

Bailudong Academy, as well as Yuelu Academy, Yingtianfu Academy, Songyang Academy, Shigu Academy, these are all academies in the Song and Yuan dynasties. It provided cultural development for the Song and Yuan dynasties, solved the problem of many people going to school, improved cultural exchanges in the Song and Yuan dynasties, and made the Song and Yuan dynasties a period that paid great attention to culture.

The academies of the Song and Yuan dynasties include Bailudong Academy, Yuelu Academy, Yingtianfu Academy, Songyang Academy, Shigu Academy, Maoshan Academy, etc.; It promoted the development of education at that time, disseminated Confucian classics, and formed a perfect education system.

Bailu Academy, Yuelu Academy, Songyang Academy, and Yingtianfu Academy were all famous colleges at that time, which cultivated a large number of talents for the imperial court.

What are the "Four Great Academies" in my country? China is a cultural and artistic power with a long history, and there are "four major academies" famous all over the world. The names of the four major academies are:

Yingtian Academy (now Nanhe, Suiyang District, Shangqiu, Henan Province); Changsha Yuelu Academy (now Yuelu Mountain, Changsha, Hunan); Bailudong Academy (now Lushan, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province); Songyang Academy (now Dengfeng Songshan, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province).

These four private schools are collectively known as the "Four Great Academies" in China by celebrities, experts and scholars from all over the worldThe original name of Yingtian Academy was the private school run by Yang Yu (què) in the Later Jin Dynasty, and the political party of the Song Dynasty opened a department to recruit scholars, and Yingtian Academy was full of talents, and more than 100 students were on the same list in the imperial examination as high as fifty or sixtyPerson. In the year 1009, Song Zhenzong announced that the private school would be given as "Yingtianfu Private School". During the reign of Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty, in 1043 the A.D. year, the Yingtian Academy was changed to the Nanjing Guozijian, making it one of the highest institutions of learning in the Song Dynasty.

Later, with the support of Ying Tian County Decree and the famous writer Yan Shu, the private school was greatly expanded. A number of well-known thinkers and writers, such as Wang Anshi, a well-known thinker and writer, taught here and flourished for a while.

v Yingtian Academy. Also known as Yingtianfu Private School, Suiyang Private School, Nanjing Private School, Dongshang Private School, Nanjing Guozijian, it is located on the south river bank of the ancient city of Shangqiu, Suiyang District, Shangqiu City, Henan. In the later Jin Dynasty of the Five Dynasties, Yang Wei, a Confucian in Yucheng, Songzhou, gathered to teach under the support of Zhao Zhi, a German general in World War II, and founded the Suiju Jieyang School.

After Yang Wei passed away, their student Qi Tongwen inherited the teacher's business and ran the school again, and the private school got a development trend.

In the early days of the founding of the Song Dynasty, there was an urgent need for talents, and the implementation of the establishment of science and technology. At that time, the students of Suiyang Academy participated in the imperial examination system, and there were as many as 50 or 60 people who ascended to the top. The name of the people and scholars in the world who have come to Songzhou for thousands of miles to be unemployed, and there is a grand opening of "experts and scholars from near and far are all returned", in which there will be this Wang Anshi, who chanted "the worries of the world first, and the joy of the world after the world".

Suiyang School slowly formed a school for academic research, cultural exchange and education, but after Qi Tongwen's death, the school was closed for a time.

In the second year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1009 AD), Cao Cheng, a wealthy man in Songcheng County (now Suiyang District, Shangqiu, Henan Province), injected 3 million gold into the place where Qi Tongwen had learned the old school, built 150 houses, gathered more than 1,500 volumes, recruited students, and hired Qi Shunbin, the grandson of Qi Tongwen, as the leading institute in the second year of the first Pi Yan, and established a private school with Cao Cheng as an assistant. With the joining of Yan Shu and Wang Anshi, Yingtian Academy slowly developed into the most influential private school in the Song Dynasty. "If you gather learning for the sea, I will swallow the nine rivers, and I will respect the hundred valleys; Quenching words for the edge, then the clouds I decide, the good jade I cut.

This is also the "Inscription of Nanjing Academy" made by Wang Anshi when he was in charge of Yingtian Academy, which shows the spirit and grandeur of Yingtian Academy.

It is because Yingtian Academy was the first academy in the Song Dynasty, and it is also the largest in area, the best place in the place, and the most people came.

Because Yingtian Academy has a lot of cultural connotations, and there are a lot of treasure books, most people can't ask for it.

It is because the location of this Yingtian Academy is a treasure land of feng shui. And it used to be the place where Confucius studied

The "Four Academies" refer to Ying Tianfu Academy (now Suiyang South Lake, Shangqiu, Henan), Yuelu Academy (now Yuelu Mountain, Changsha, Hunan), Bailudong Academy (now Lushan, Jiujiang, Jiangxi), and Songyang Academy (now Dengfeng Songshan, Zhengzhou, Henan) (it may also be Shigu Academy).

1. Yingtian Academy.

Yingtian Academy, also known as Yingtianfu Academy, Suiyang Academy, Nanjing Academy, Nandu Academy, Nanjing Guozijian, is located on the south bank of the ancient city of Shangqiu, Suiyang District, Shangqiu City, Henan Province. Yingtian Academy has a long history, a grand scale, far-reaching influence, and a large number of talents, ranking among the best among the "four major academies" in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, the academies were mostly distributed in the mountains and forests, while the Tianyuan was located in the bustling urban area and produced many talents.

2. Yuelu Academy.

Yuelu Academy is located at the foot of Yuelu Mountain, the last peak of Nanyue 72 Peak, Changsha City, Hunan Province. In the fifth generation, Zhixuan and other monks built houses and schools in Yuelu, forming the prototype of the academy.

3. White Deer Cave Academy.

Bailudong Academy, located at the southern foot of Wulao Peak of Chanzheng Lushan in Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, is a world cultural landscape, enjoys the reputation of "China's first academy", and is rated as "the first of China's four major academies".

4. Songyang Academy.

Songyang Academy is located at the southern foot of Songshan Mountain, which is kilometers north of Dengfeng City, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province.

5. Stone Drum Academy.

Shigu Academy is located in Shigu Mountain, Shigu District, Hengyang City, Hunan Province. In the fifth year of the Tang Dynasty (810 AD), Li Kuan, a talented son of Hengzhou, built a name named "Seeking Truth" (Li Kuanzhong Xiucai Academy) next to Hejiang Pavilion, where he studied carefully and was the prototype of the establishment of Shigu Academy.

There are many reasons for the prosperity of the Northern Song Dynasty Academy. But the main reasons for this are as follows:

First, the scale of the Northern Song Dynasty imperial examination was expanding day by day, while the official school in the early Song Dynasty was in a state of depression for a long time. In this case, the academy came into being, which played a role in filling the gap in government and learning, and provided a place for the majority of scholars to study and study.

Second, the imperial court advocated Confucianism and encouraged private schools. At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, the government advocated cultural governance, but the state was unable to establish a large number of official schools for a while, so the imperial court gave many commendations and sponsorships to the academy. For example, the famous Bailudong Academy, Yuelu Academy, Yingtianfu Academy, and Songyang Academy all received different forms of support from the imperial court, such as books, plaques, study fields, and rewards for school owners, which was undoubtedly one of the direct reasons for the prosperity of the academy in the early Song Dynasty.

Third, the influence of the Buddhist Zen forest system. Buddhism out of seclusion and dedication to the purpose of practice, most of the secluded and beautiful environment of the mountains and forests to build temples, the five dynasties and the early Song Dynasty academies were also mostly built in the mountains and forests. The Buddhist Zen Forest integrates the collection of scriptures, lectures, and scriptures, and has also had a significant impact on the teaching of the academy.

Fourth, the application of printing technology made the production of books extremely convenient compared with handwritten books, and was an important foundation for the prosperity and development of Song Dynasty academies. Books are no longer treasures but can be owned by the public, so that the college can have a rich collection of books and truly become a place for teaching and research for the society.

Political struggle, the ingenious moves of people who have failed the struggle after returning to their hometowns

(1) The government school has been in a state of depression for a long time, and the emergence of the academy is inevitable, filling the gap of the government school.

2) The growing scale of the Northern Song Dynasty imperial examination promoted the development of academies.

3) The imperial court advocated Confucianism and encouraged private schools.

4) The influence of Buddhist Zen forests.

5) The popularization and application of engraving and printing technology has promoted the development of the book industry, thus providing convenience for various teaching and research activities of the college.

Data extension: In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, a large number of academies for private lectures were produced. Academies such as Bailu Cave, Yuelu, Suiyang (Yingtianfu), Songyang, Shigu, Maoshan and Xiangshan have appeared one after another. Among them, Bailu Cave, Yuelu, Suiyang (Yingtianfu) and Songyang Academy are known as the four major academies in ancient China.

By the end of Renzong's reign, all the more influential academies in the early Northern Song Dynasty had disappeared. In the fourth year of Xining (1071), the imperial court directly sent professors to the state school to weaken the academy and the county school. In seven years, the state high school with professors will be merged into the state school.

In the early Southern Song Dynasty, scholars such as Zhang Yan, Zhu Xi, Lu Zuqian, and Lu Jiuyuan began to restore the academy, which became a base for the school's activities and a place for lectures. After the accession of Rijong (1224 1264), Rikō made Rikin the orthodox doctrine, and the seowon education became the legacy of Zhu Xi and other masters of Rigaku, which was inherited by the government. From the first year of Jingding (1260), only those who officially passed the imperial examination or graduated from Taixue could become the head of the academy in each state, and the imperial court took advantage of this to control the academy.

The four major academies of the Southern Song Dynasty are: Yingtian Academy, Yuelu Academy, Songyang Academy and Bailudong Academy.

1. Yingtian Academy.

Yingtian Academy is located on the south lake of Shangqiu Ancient City, Suiyang District, Shangqiu City, Henan Province. Yingtian Academy ranks first among the "Four Great Academies" of the Northern Song Dynasty for its long history, large scale, far-reaching influence, and many talents.

At the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, most of the academies were located in mountain and forest resorts, but Yingtian Academy was located in the bustling city, and there were many talents. "History of the Song Dynasty" records: "The Song Dynasty began to study in Shangqiu". "The order of the world depends on this." "Song Xing, the state capital of the world has learned from here."

2. Yuelu Academy.

During the Five Dynasties, Zhixuan and other two monks built a house in Yuelu to run a school, forming the prototype of the academy. In the ninth year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (976 AD), Tanzhou Taishou Zhudong was expanded due to the attack and established Yuelu Academy;

In the eighth year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1015 AD), Song Zhenzong summoned the mountain chief Zhou Shi and gave the "Yuelu Academy" amount, and the Yuelu Academy was one of the four major academies in the country.

3. White Deer Cave Academy.

Bailudong Academy is located at the southern foot of Wulao Peak in Lushan Mountain, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, which is a world cultural landscape, which was founded in the Southern Tang Dynasty (940 AD), and is the first complete academy in China. In the Southern Tang Dynasty, "Lushan Guoxue" (also known as "Bailu Guoxue") was built.

It is the only Chinese culture in Chinese history established by **** outside the capital; When Zhu Xi, a scholar of the Song Dynasty, was appointed as the Zhinan Kangjun (now Lushan City, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province), he rebuilt the academy, personally lectured, and determined the rules and purposes of the academy.

It became an important cultural cradle in China for hundreds of years from the late Song Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, and was one of the important birthplaces of Chinese education and culture.

3. Songyang Academy.

Songyang Academy is located at the southern foot of Songshan Mountain, north of Dengfeng City, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, backed by Junji Peak and facing Shuangxi River. Founded in the Northern Wei Dynasty Xiaowen Emperor Taihe eight years (AD 484), it was called Songyang Temple.

In the Tang Dynasty, it was changed to Songyang Temple. The famous relics of the Tang Dynasty in the academy, the "Tang Tablet" weighing more than 80 tons (the full name is "The Song Tablet of the Tang Dynasty Songyang Guanji Shengde Induction"), which was engraved for the third year of Tang Tianbao (744 AD), and is known as the "King of Songshan Tablet".

Five generations later, Zhou was rebuilt into Taiyi Academy. In the second year of the Northern Song Dynasty (996), it was changed to "Taimur Academy", and the printed version of the "Nine Classics" was given. In the second year of Song Jingyou (1035), he was named Songyang Academy.