What are the first of the four major academies What are the four major academies?

The Four Great Academies of Ancient ChinaRespectively: Yuelu (todayYuelu Mountain, Changsha, HunanAcademy, Bailudong (now Lushan, Jiangxi) Academy, Songyang (now Dengfeng, Henan) Academy, Yingtian (todayShangqiu, HenanColleges.

OneYuelu AcademyYuelu Academy is located in a famous historical and cultural city in China.

Xiangjiang, Changsha, Hunan.

At the foot of Yuelu Mountain on the west bank, the ancient buildings are divided into teaching, book collection, sacrifice, garden, commemoration of five major architectural patterns, the main construction area of Yuelu Academy has more than 31,000 square meters, the ancient traditional academy building has been completely preserved, in 1988, the Yuelu Academy complex was approved as the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

2. White Deer Cave Academy:Bailudong Academy is located in Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province.

The southern foot of the five old peaks of Lushan Mountain. "Began in the Tang Dynasty, flourished in the Song Dynasty, and followed the Ming and Qing Dynasties", with a history of more than 1,000 years. The building material structure is mainly stone or brick and wood structure, mainly in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the roof is a herringbone hard mountaintop, which has an elegant and indifferent atmosphere, on January 13, 1988, it was announced as the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

3. Songyang Academy:Located in Dengfeng City, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, it was founded in the Northern Wei Dynasty.

On June 25, 2001, it was announced by the People's Republic of China as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units, and on August 1, 2010, it was listed as a world cultural heritage.

4. Yingtian Academy:Suiyang District, Shangqiu City, Henan Province.

Shangqiu Ancient City South Lake, Northern Song Dynasty.

The scale of the imperial examination was expanding day by day, while the official school in the early Song Dynasty was in a state of depression for a long time. In this case, the academy came into being, providing a place for the majority of scholars to study and study, and became the highest institution of learning in the Northern Song Dynasty.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - Elk Academy.

Encyclopedia-White Deer Academy.

Encyclopedia-Songyang Academy.

Encyclopedia-Yingtian Academy.

The "Four Academies" have three sources, one is Ying Tianfu Academy, Yuelu Academy, Bailudong Academy, and Songyang Academy, which is the earliest and most widely circulated.

The second theory refers to Yingtian Academy, Yuelu Academy, Shigu Academy, and Bailudong Academy.

The three theories refer to Culai Academy, Maoshan Academy, Shigu Academy, and Yuelu Academy.

On April 29, 1998, the State Post Bureau held the first ceremony of the stamps of the "Four Academies" in Suiyang District, Shangqiu City.

Four AcademiesThe first is Ying Tianfu Academy.

Yingtianfu Academy is also known as Yingtian Academy, Suiyang Academy, Nanjing Academy, and Nandu.

Academy, Nanjing Guozijian.

Located on the south lake of Shangqiu Ancient City, Suiyang District, Shangqiu City, Henan Province, it is one of the four famous academies in ancient China.

Ying Tianfu Academy, formerly known as Suiyang Academy, was the fifth generation of the Later Jin Dynasty.

It was founded by Yang Wei, a native of Shangqiu at the time. Northern song dynasty.

In the second year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1009), Song Zhenzong.

Yingtian Academy was upgraded to a government school, called "Yingtianfu Academy", and officially given the amount of "Yingtianfu Academy".

In the seventh year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1014), Yingtianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan.

It was upgraded to Nanjing and became the capital of the Song Dynasty, and Yingtian Academy was also called "Nanjing Academy". In the third year of Qingli (1043), Yingtianfu Academy was upgraded to "Nanjing Guozijian", becoming the highest institution of learning in the Northern Song Dynasty, and also became the only academy in ancient China to be upgraded to Guozijian.

Founding Background

The scale of the Northern Song Dynasty's imperial examinations was expanding day by day, while the official school in the early Song Dynasty was in a state of depression for a long time. In this case, the academy came into being, which played a role in filling the gap in government and learning, and provided a place for the majority of scholars to study and study.

The court of the Song Dynasty advocated Confucianism and encouraged private schools. At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, the government advocated cultural governance, but the state was unable to establish a large number of official schools for a while, so the imperial court gave many commendations and sponsorships to the academy. Like the famous Bailudong Academy and Yuelu Academy.

Yingtianfu Academy and Songyang Academy both received different forms of support from the imperial court, such as books, plaques, study fields, and rewards for scholars, which was undoubtedly one of the direct reasons for the prosperity of the academy in the early Song Dynasty.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia-Ying Tianfu Academy.

Except for Ying Tian in the Northern Song Dynasty, the others are all White Deer Cave Academies.

The Four Great Academies of Ancient China

They are Yingtianfu Academy and Yuelu Academy.

Songyang Academy, White Deer Cave Academy.

1. Yingtian Academy: Yingtianfu Academy is Yingtianfu Academy and Suiyang Academy, which was formerly known as Nandu.

The school, founded by Yang Wei, a native of Shangqiu in the Jin Dynasty after five generations, is located on the south lake of the ancient city of Shangqiu, Suiyang District, Shangqiu City, Henan Province, which is one of the famous four academies in ancient China, and is the only one of the ancient academies that has been upgraded to Guozijian, and is respected as the first of the four academies of the Northern Song Dynasty.

2. Yuelu Academy: located in Changsha, Hunan.

Mount Yuelu is the last peak of the 72 peaks of Nandake.

Foot is a well-preserved ancient academy. It is now one of the main cultural tourism attractions in Changsha.

3. Songyang Academy: formerly known as Songyang Temple, it is located in Songshan, north of Dengfeng City, Henan Province.

At the southern foothills, backed by Junji Peak and facing the Shuangxi River, it is named because it is located in the sun of Songshan Mountain. Songyang Academy is a famous institution of higher learning in ancient China, and is famous for its science in history. The architectural layout of Songyang Academy maintains the architectural layout of the Qing Dynasty, and there are more than 500 existing halls and corridors, covering an area of square meters, with a width of meters from east to west, and a length of meters from north to south.

The central axis building is divided into five courtyards, from south to north, in turn for the gate, the first temple, the lecture hall, the Taoist temple and the library building.

4. Bailudong Academy: Bailudong Academy is the first of the four major academies in the Song Dynasty, and is known as "the first academy in the sea". It is located in Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province.

Lushan Wulao Peak at the south foot of the Houping Mountain, there is the left wing mountain in the west, there is Zhuoer Mountain in the south, the three mountains are surrounded by Taiwan, a water (Guandao River) is in the middle stream, there is no noise of the market, there is the victory of the spring stone.

The four major colleges are:1. Yingtianfu Academy, 2. Yuelu Academy, 3. Bailudong Academy, 4. Songyang Academy.

Yingtianfu Academy, also known as Yingtian Academy, Suiyang Shuqiao Academy, Nanjing Academy, Nandu Academy, Nanjing Guozijian, is located in the south lake of Shangqiu Ancient City, Suiyang District, Henan Province. Ying Tianfu Academy is the first of the "Four Great Academies" in the Northern Song Dynasty because of its long history, large scale, far-reaching influence and many talents. At the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, most of the academies were located in mountain and forest resorts, but Yingtian Academy was located in the bustling city, and there were many talents.

The History of the Song Dynasty records: "The Song Dynasty began to study in Shangqiu." "The order of the world depends on this."

Song Xing, the state capital of the world has learned from here". Zhao Mengyu of the Yuan Dynasty even said in "Yixue Ji": "At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, there were four major academies in the world, headed by Yingtian Academy.

> Yuelu Academy is located at the foot of Yuelu Mountain, the last of the 72 peaks of Nanyue, Changsha City, Hunan Province. Yuelu Academy has gone through thousands of years and has been singing endlessly, and the learning pulse has been extended. In the ninth year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty, Tanzhou Taishou Zhudong was built on the basis of the monks' school, and the government donated funds to build it, and officially established the Yuelu Academy.

In the eighth year of the Northern Song Dynasty, Song Zhenzong summoned Yuelu Mountain Chang Zhou Shi, and gave the book "Yuelu Dialectical Academy" with four characters. Subsequently, after the Southern Song Dynasty, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, to the twenty-ninth year of Guangxu at the end of the Qing Dynasty (1903 AD), Yuelu Academy and Hunan Provincial University Hall were merged and restructured into Hunan Higher School, which continued to use the old site of the academy.

Bailu Cave Academy is located at the southern foot of Wulao Peak in Lushan Mountain, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province. "Began in the Tang Dynasty, flourished in the Song Dynasty, and followed the Ming and Qing Dynasties", with a history of more than 1,000 years. The Bailu Academy building complex is built in series from the west group to the east along the Guandao River, and the Bailu Cave Academy is the third group of five groups of courtyards, located in the east of Lingxingmen Courtyard and the west of Ziyang Academy.

The White Deer Cave Academy sits in the north and faces south, and is a three-entry courtyard; The layout of the orientation pattern is exquisite, and it is a large courtyard building.

Songyang Academy, an ancient Chinese institution of higher learning, is located at the foot of the extreme peak, 3 kilometers north of Dengfeng City, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province. Founded in the eighth year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty (484), the original name was Songyang Temple, which is a Buddhist temple. In the second year of Song Jinghu (1035), when the Taimur Academy was rebuilt, it was named Songyang Academy, and a president was appointed to take charge of the affairs of the college.

Songyang Academy is one of the birthplaces of Cheng Zhu Lixue in the Song Dynasty. Its architectural style is a specimen of ancient Chinese academy architecture, education system, and Confucian culture.

The four major academies are: Jiangxi Lushan Bailudong Academy, Hunan Changsha Yuelu Academy, Henan Dengfeng Songyang Academy, Henan Shangqiu Yingtian Academy. The addresses of these four academies are in Shangqiu, Henan, Changsha, Hunan, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, and Zhengzhou, Henan.

It is said that because the Shigu Academy was destroyed by the Japanese army, the people who came to the Shigu Academy for field investigation only saw the mountains and rocks, but did not see the academy, and then re-elected the Songyang Academy in Dengfeng, Henan.

Yingtianfu Academy also has Yingtian Academy, Nanjing Guozijian and other nicknames, this academy was established in the five dynasties after the Jin Dynasty, some famous literati in the history of our country, such as Yan Shu, Fan Zhongyan and others have studied here.

Bailudong Academy was founded in the Southern Tang Dynasty, when the name of the academy was called "Lushan Guoxue", different from the other three major academies, this academy was the only one set up by the ** imperial court outside the capital at that time.

Yuelu Academy is located at the foot of Yuelu Mountain, the last peak of the 72 peaks of Nanyue in Changsha, Hunan, and is the most well-preserved ancient academy in China.

Songyang Academy, located at the southern foot of Songshan Mountain, north of Dengfeng City, Henan Province, backed by Junji Peak, facing Shuangxi River, is named Songyang Academy because it is located in the Yang of Songshan Mountain.

The first of the four academies is the White Deer Cave Academy. Bailu Cave Academy is located at the southern foot of Wulao Peak in Lushan Mountain, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province. "Began in the Tang Dynasty, flourished in the Song Dynasty, and followed the Ming and Qing Dynasties", with a history of more than 1,000 years.

The Bailu Academy building complex is built in series from west to east along the Guandao River, and the Bailu Cave Academy is the third group of five groups of courtyards, located in the east of Lingxingmen Courtyard and the west of Ziyang Academy. The White Deer Cave Academy sits in the north and faces south, and is a three-entry courtyard; The layout of the orientation pattern is exquisite, and it is a large courtyard building. The building material structure is mainly stone or brick structure, mainly Ming and Qing Dynasty buildings, and the roof is a herringbone hard mountain top. The White Deer Cave Academy has architectural attractions such as the Imperial Book Pavilion, Myeonglun Hall, White Deer Cave and Sixian Terrace.

On January 13, 1988, Bailu Academy, including Bailu Cave Academy, was announced by the People's Republic of China as the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units. In 1996, Lushan, including the White Deer Cave Academy, was inscribed on the World Heritage List as a "World Cultural Landscape".