How to understand the materialist position of the three laws of dialectics

I think the key to you is not what materialism is, what is idealism, but what are the three laws, which should be paid attention to, what are the three laws, which is the fundamental, for you, it is the materialist position (of course, in the case that you follow the three laws in parallel), (the three laws themselves do not have a position, you have to know what the laws are).

Clause.

1. The law of the unity of opposites is the driving force for the development of things.

The law of the unity of opposites refers to the contradictory viewpoint, that things are divided into two, that they are the unity of identity and opposites, and that they are also the unity of commonality and individuality, which itself is at the core of materialist dialectics, and is the fundamental content of the connection of things and the internal driving force of eternal development.

Thus, Lenin once said: "The division of the unity into two divisions and the understanding of its contradictory parts ......."It is the essence of dialectics. "Dialectics can be defined briefly as a doctrine of the unity of opposites.

In this way, the core of dialectics will be grasped, but this needs to be explained and played. ”

Dühring was not conscious of the core position of the law of the unity of opposites, and he denied the objective existence of contradictions, attacking the contradictory view as "the apex of the contradiction". In response to Dühring's metaphysical viewpoint, Engels used a large number of objective facts to demonstrate the objectivity and central position of the law of contradiction. He noted.

From simple mechanical movement to advanced life movement, it is the result of the law of contradiction, and the essence of movement lies in contradictions, which are everywhere and all the time. Contradiction is the driving force and source of all movement, change, and development.

The true, natural, historical and dialectical negation is the driving force (in terms of form) of all development – the division of opposites, the struggle and resolution of opposites. ”

Clause. Second, the law of mutual change of quality is the form of the development of things.

Qualitative is the internal prescriptiveness of a thing that distinguishes it from other things, quantity is the prescriptiveness of the scale, degree, speed and other aspects of a thing that can be expressed by quantitative relations, qualitative change is the change of the nature of things, and quantitative change is the increase or decrease of the number of things and the change in the order of the constituent elements.

In this regard, Dühring distorted and attacked, denying the law of mass interchange. Engels refuted Dühring's slander and distortion with the help of a large number of objective facts, and pointed out that the forms and states of the development and change of things exist in the form of quantitative and qualitative changes, and that quantitative change is the necessary preparation for qualitative change, and qualitative change is the inevitable result of quantitative change. Moreover, quantitative and qualitative changes penetrate each other, reflecting the unity of the gradual and leap of the development of things.

Clause. 3. The law of negation is the trend of the development of things.

Engels pointed out the importance of the law of negation of negation, stating that "it is an extremely universal law of development of nature, history and thought, and therefore of extremely extensive function". In dialectics, the root of the law of negation is the internal contradiction, and the dialectical negation is the mutual transformation of the opposites of contradictions, the self-negation and self-development of things, the emergence of new things and the destruction of old things.

The essence of dialectical negation is "promotion and abandonment", that is, the new thing criticizes and inherits the old thing, negates its negative factors, affirms its positive factors, and makes things develop in a higher direction. It is necessary to form a cycle through two negations and three stages, showing a general trend of wave-like progress or spiraling, revealing the unity of the progress and twists and turns of the development of things, and also telling us that the future is bright and the road is tortuous.

The law of the unity of opposites, the law of mutual change of quality, and the law of negation of negation.

1. The Law of Materialist Dialectics:

What the laws of dialectics reveal are all connections between the essence of the limit, and are the products of the highest degree of abstraction. Although the laws of dialectics are abstracted from the deduction of concepts, they are completely consistent with the essential movement of objective reality, and therefore they are objective laws with ultimate truths.

Second, the three major laws:

The law of the unity of opposites: The law of the unity of opposites is the law of contradiction of things, which reveals the fundamental content of the connection between things and the driving force of development, and is the essence and core of materialist dialectics.

The law of mutual change of quality: the quality, quantity, and degree of things. Everything has two prescriptiveness: quality and quantity. Qualitative refers to the internal prescriptiveness of a thing that distinguishes it from its own things. Quantity refers to the law of the existence and development of things.

Certain things have a certain quality and a certain quantity, and they are the unity of quality and quantity. Qualities and things are directly identical, and a certain quality is a certain thing. Qualitative is the objective basis for people to distinguish and understand specific things. Quantity and thing are not directly identical.

The quantitative change of a thing within a certain range, as long as it does not cause a qualitative change, a thing still maintains its qualitative stability, and it is still the original thing. This kind of maintenance of the quantitative limit of things is the degree. Degree is the unity of quality and quantity.

The Law of Negation of Negation:

The law of negation of negation, affirmation-negation-negation of negation, is a further step in the contradictory movement of things, and what it suggests is the path and general trend of the development of things.

Dialectical materialism is about the fact that all matter is constantly moving and changing, and that things are interconnected, interpenetrating, and influencing each other.

The law of the unity of opposites (the law of contradiction of things), the law of mutual change of quality, and the law of negation of negation are the three laws of materialist dialectics.

1. The law of the unity of opposites says that "the internal contradictions of things are the basic driving force for the development of things".

There are two theories of contradictions and a theory of emphasis, and we must pay attention to both the main and non-main contradictions, and we must pay attention to both the main and non-main aspects of the contradictions.

2. The law of mutual change of quality refers to the law of the development of things, from the accumulation of quantity to the leap of quality.

We should pay attention to the accumulation of ordinary quantities, and when the accumulation of quantities is certain, we have broken through the limit of degree and achieved a qualitative leap.

3. The law of negation of negation points out the process of the development of things, and it is a historical necessity for new things to replace old things.

We should pay attention to "taking the essence of old things and removing the dross" in dealing with old things. The development of things is a spiraling process, as the saying goes, "the future is beautiful, but the road is tortuous." ”

The law of the unity of opposites - reveals the source and motivation of the development of things.

The law of quantitative change and qualitative change - reveals the form and state of development of things.

The law of negation of negation - reveals the direction and path of the development of things.

It is generally believed that the law of unity of opposites reveals the source and driving force of the development of things, the law of mutual change of quality reveals the state of development of things, and the law of negation of negation reveals the trend and path of the development of things. Materialist dialectics.

The relationship between the three basic laws: the law of the unity of opposites, the law of quantitative change and qualitative change, and the law of negation of negation, it is generally believed that the law of unity of opposites reveals the source and driving force of the development of things, the law of mutual change of quality reveals the state of development of things, and the law of negation of negation reveals the trend and path of the development of things.

The three basic laws of materialist dialectics are the law of mutual change of quality, the law of negation of negation, and the law of unity of opposites.

The law of mutual change of quality shows that there are two basic forms of development and change of things, namely, quantitative change and qualitative change, the former is manifested as the increase or decrease in the quantity of things and their characteristics, which is a continuous and insignificant change, and the latter is the change of the fundamental nature of things, the interruption of the gradual process, and the sudden change from one qualitative form to another qualitative form.

The law of negation is one of the basic laws of philosophy. It reveals the unity of the forward and tortuous nature of the development of things, and shows that the development of things is not a straight line but a spiral. The principle of the law of negation is of great guiding significance for people to correctly understand the tortuous and progressive nature of the development of things.

The law of the unity of opposites is the fundamental law of materialist dialectics, also known as the law of unity and struggle or contradiction of the quiet and grand façade. It reveals that everything in the social and intellectual fields contains contradictions between the book of revelations and things, and that the contradictions of things are unified and struggle to promote the movement, change and development of things.

Dialectical materialism creates**

The direct idea of dialectical materialism is the classical German philosophy of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Marx and Engels broke with the conservative philosophical system of Hegel's idealism, absorbed the revolutionary elements of Hegel's dialectics, that is, the idea of connection and development, the idea that contradiction is the internal driving force of development, and critically inherited the basic core of Feuerbach's philosophy of materialism.

It discarded its idealistic impurities of social history, religion, and ethics, and founded the philosophy of dialectical materialism. Dialectical materialist philosophy, political economy, and scientific socialist doctrine are the three inseparable components of Marxism. Their formation is a unified process of mutual promotion and mutual argumentation.

Basic Laws of Materialist Dialectics:

1. The law of unity of opposites.

The law of the unity of opposites is the fundamental law of materialist dialectics, also known as the unity of opposites and the law of struggle or the law of contradiction. It reveals that everything in the natural, social and intellectual realms and between things contains contradictions, and that the two sides of the contradictions are unified and struggle to promote the movement, change and development of things. The connotation of the law of the unity of opposites is embodied in:

the identity and struggle of both sides of the contradiction; the universality and particularity of contradictions; The contradictions in the development of things and the imbalance in the development of the two sides of the contradictions.

2. The law of negation of negation.

The law of negation of negation, one of the basic laws of dialectics, is to reveal the trend and path of the development of things and the dialectical essence of the continuous progress of the development of human understanding in twists and turns. It shows that the whole process of the development of things themselves is composed of the negation of affirmation, negation, and negation. Among them, the negation of negation is the core of the process, the result of the contradictory movement of things themselves, and the form of contradiction resolution.

3. The law of mutual change of quality.

The law of mutual change of quality, also known as "the law of quantitative change and qualitative change", and "the law of transformation from quantitative change to qualitative change". One of the basic laws of materialist dialectics. It reveals that the development of things and phenomena caused by internal contradictions is achieved through the mutual transformation of quantitative and qualitative changes.

In China, ancient philosophers once spontaneously realized that quantitative change will cause qualitative change, such as Lao Tzu in the pre-Qin period: "The wood of the hug is born at the end of the millennium; The nine-story platform starts from the soil. ”

Basic Categories: There are five pairs of basic categories of materialist dialectics, namely cause and effect, necessity and contingency, reality and possibility, content and form, phenomenon and essence.

What are the basic characteristics, three laws, and main categories of materialist dialectics?

Materialist dialectics is the highest form of dialectics, and its essential characteristics are universal connection and eternal development. [The three laws of materialist dialectics are: the law of the unity of opposites, the law of mutual change of quality, and the law of negation of negation].

There are many categories of materialist dialectics, among which cause and effect, necessity and chance, possibility and reality, form and content, phenomenon and essence are the most representative. All the laws and categories of materialist dialectics explain the universal connection of the world and the nature of eternal development in different ways.

Philosophical laws.

The law of positive and negative] has positive and negative sides; Where there is a positive electrode, there must be a negative electrode; There must be an upper and some lower; Where there is left, there must be right; There must be a front and a back; There is the new and there is the old. (Wang, China, 2020).

The Law of the Unity of Opposites] The two opposing sides constitute a unified whole, interdependent, and if one is lost, the other cannot exist. (Wang, China, 2020).

For example, in a magnet, the n and s poles are opposites. In metabolism, assimilation and alienation are opposites unified. In the exchange of goods, buying and selling are opposites. In economic activity, production and consumption are opposites and unified.

The Law of Equilibrium] Unbalanced things eventually reach equilibrium through spontaneous motion. (Wang, China, 2020).

For example, water flows low and stops when it reaches a level.

For example, heat is transferred from high to low temperatures, and the heat transfer stops when the heat equilibrium is reached.

For example, under the conditions of a market economy, the fluctuating ** will spontaneously tend to equilibrium under the action of the equilibrium law.

The Law of Rise and Fall] Things always go through a cyclical change from rise to fall. (Wang, China, 2020).

The Law of Conservation of Mass and Energy in the Universe] The total mass of the universe is conserved, and the total energy is conserved. (Wang, China, 2020).

Things can be known by us.

No matter how complex and changeable things are on the inside. But there are certain rules and certain forms of expression.

We can get closer to the essence of things through our cognitive abilities.

If it is a human psychology, it can be constantly approached by observation and analysis.

If it's a job, you can get closer to being right through trial and error and summarizing.

Things show a side to give us a sense of it, and usually, we think that this side is the whole thing. However, it is impossible to understand that things are complex and multifaceted. So if you fail, you have to hit the nail.

Avoid narrow-minded and short-sighted vision, and have a comprehensive understanding of things. In the process of understanding, we must have a correct starting point and standpoint. If the position is wrong, no matter how fast and strong you go, you will not be able to achieve real victory.

For example, the Kuomintang has a wrong political starting point, and even if it has a million-strong army, it cannot change the fact of gradual decline.

With the right stance, it is also necessary to have the right viewpoint and method. The point of view is the angle from which we observe things, and whether the perspective is comprehensive and effective determines whether we can have a correct understanding and understanding of things. If the metaphysical method of thought is used to guide work and life, it will inevitably be frustrated by reality.

The only thing that can be maintained is the peace of one's inner world, but such a philosophical idea has some luxuries, which is not something that a proletariat like me can use to observe the world. Success is not necessary, but material abundance must be obtained before life can be secured.

From a materialist point of view, there must be a correct method, and what is the right method?

It is a method that is consistent with the laws of things.

How to master the method that is consistent with the law of things?

Theory should guide practical action, gain new understanding from practical action, and then use new understanding to guide practice, and then understand and practice. With such a cyclical development, our understanding will be able to constantly approach the absolute truth and constantly grasp the fundamental laws of things.