What other achievements were made in medicine during the Qin and Han dynasties?

The Qin and Han dynasties were a period of development in the history of Chinese medicine. Its major achievements are summarized as follows:

1. The establishment of the idea of dialectical argumentation. The idea of dialectical argument appeared in the pre-Qin period. During the Qin and Han dynasties, through the efforts of countless doctors, especially in Zhang Zhongjing's "Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases" in the Eastern Han Dynasty, he used the Six Classics to discuss typhoid fever and distinguish miscellaneous diseases from the viscera, forming a set of system combining rationality, law, prescription and medicine, and establishing the basic norms of syndrome differentiation and treatment.

The basic theories of syndrome differentiation and treatment were established, including the four diagnoses, the eight outlines, the viscera, the meridians, the three causes, and the eight methods.

2. There is a medical case. On the basis of inheriting the academic experience of the previous scholars, Chunyu of the Western Han Dynasty recorded the name, identity, nationality, gender, disease name, **, pulse pattern, diagnosis, ** (prescription medicine, acupuncture, gargle, channeling medicine, etc.), prevention, etc., reflecting the simple and understandable academic style of early medical cases, and setting an example for later generations of doctors to write medical cases.

3. Outstanding progress in clinical medicine. Although its prescription and operation techniques have been lost, it has inspired surgeons in academic thought. Zhang Zhongjing's "Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases" has been regarded as a guideline by doctors throughout the ages for its theory and practice in the differentiation and treatment of external fever and internal medicine miscellaneous diseases.

4. Initially lay the pharmaceutical prescription system. Represented by the "Shennong Classic of Materia Medica", it is the culmination of the academic experience of medicine before the Eastern Han Dynasty, and has a profound impact on the development of materia medica and prescription science in the past dynasties. The prescriptions and theories contained in the "Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases" are revered as the ancestors of all prescriptions.

1. There are medical cases, and 2. There are outstanding progress in clinical medicine.

Cultural achievements in the Western Han Dynasty: historiography: Sima Qian's "Historical Records"; Medicine:

The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon; Literature: Han Fu, representative figures: Sima Xiangru "Shanglin Fu", "Zixu Fu"), Jia Yi, etc.

Technology: Papermaking (Baqiao Paper), etc.

If you want to talk about "cultural achievements of the Han and Han dynasties", the content needs to be added.

1) The relationship between the Qin and Han dynasties and the Xiongnu: The Qin Dynasty sent Meng Tian to lead an army to the north to attack the Xiongnu and recapture the Hetao area; The Great Wall was built to defend against the harassment and plundering of the Xiongnu from the south. After the Battle of Baishan Mountain in Pingcheng, Gaozu of the Western Han Dynasty implemented a policy of peace and proximity to the Xiongnu; During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he launched three large-scale wars against the Xiongnu, thereby removing the threat of the Xiongnu to the northern border counties of the Western Han Dynasty and the ethnic groups in the Western Regions.

During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Southern Xiongnu were attached to the Han Dynasty; In order to relieve the threat of the Northern Xiongnu to the various ethnic groups in the Western Regions, they used troops against the Northern Xiongnu twice, and the Northern Xiongnu were defeated and moved westward. The ties between the interior and the various ethnic groups in the Western Regions are getting closer and closer. (2) The effective jurisdiction of the Qin and Han dynasties over the frontier areas.

After the Qin Dynasty attacked the Yue people in the south, it set up three counties in the Yue area: Guilin, Nanhai, and Xiangjun. After the Western Han Dynasty attacked the Xiongnu in the north, it set up the Western Regions in 60 BC to protect the Western Regions; During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, counties were set up in the southwest. This period saw the expansion of the boundaries of the unified multi-ethnic state.

3) The development of the frontier areas by the Qin and Han dynasties. The Qin Dynasty immigrated to the Hetao and Yue areas, spreading iron tools and ox farming techniques to these areas. During the Han Dynasty, smelting and sinking techniques were introduced to the Western Regions.

Categories: Culture Art >> historical topics.

Problem description: Can anyone tell me about medicine from the Qin, Han and Wei and Jin dynasties?

Analysis: Hua Tuo (?) -208) Medical scientist in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.

Also known as 歫. Tokenization. Pei Guoqiao (now Bo County, Anhui) people.

Specialized in internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics, and acupuncture, he is good at surgery, and the administration of acupuncture is simple and effective. He practiced medicine all over the country and was quite famous. He used "Ma Boiling San" to anesthesia for patients with "gastrointestinal accumulation" and successfully performed abdominal surgery.

It reflects that as early as the second century A.D., the ancients had a very mature use of anesthesia and surgery. He once created the "Five Fowl Opera", teaching people to enhance their physical fitness through physical exercise, believing that "the human body wants to work,......The blood circulates, and the disease cannot be born, such as the household hub, which will eventually be immortal." Later, because he was not recruited from Cao Cao, he was killed, and the medical book he wrote has been lost, and the existing "Tibetan Scripture" is a work of later generations.

Zhang Zhongjing was a famous medical scientist in the late Han Dynasty. Famous machine. A native of Nanyang County (now Nanyang, Henan).

Studied medicine in the same county Zhang Bozu. Legend has it that he once served as the Taishou of Changsha. At that time, typhoid fever was prevalent, and many people died.

After studying ancient medical books such as "Neijing", "Difficult Scripture" and "Placental Medicine Record", and collecting effective prescriptions extensively, he wrote "Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Stroke (Miscellaneous) Diseases". His books were scattered and collected by later generations many times, and became two books, "Treatise on Typhoid Fever" and "Jin Kui Yaolu". The book discusses external fever and internal medicine miscellaneous diseases, advocates the principles of syndrome differentiation and syndrome differentiation and treatment of the six classics, and specifically expounds the treatment methods of cold and heat, deficiency and reality, appearance and interior, yin and yang, as well as the treatment methods of sweat, vomiting, xia, warmth, qing, and harmony, and summarizes the experience of folk medicine before the Han Dynasty, which has made significant contributions to the development of Chinese medicine.

Summary. Hua Tuo (2nd century AD, 208).

Contribute. 1. Proficient in internal and external gynecology and pediatric acupuncture, especially in surgery.

2. First of all, apply the general anesthetic of traditional Chinese medicine - Ma Boiling Powder (abdominal surgery. This is unprecedented in our country's medicine; It also plays an important role in the history of anesthesia and surgery in the world.

3. In terms of internal medicine, adhere to the principle of different treatment for the same disease and the same treatment for different diseases.

4. Promote active physical exercise. Imitating the movements of animals, he created the "Five Fowl Opera", which is the medical gymnastics of the tongue generation, and also created a precedent for sports bionics.

What are the main medical achievements of the founding period of Chinese medicine (476 BC, Qin and Han dynasties, 265 AD)?

Four classics: 1"The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon" 2"The Book of Difficulty" 3"Shennong's Materia Medica" 4"Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases".

Bian Que (c. 5th century B.C.) academic characteristics1, proficient in looking at the attack, smelling, asking, cutting, especially known for looking and palpating2, proficient in the inside, outside, women, children, the old and the elderly, and the brothers, according to the customs 3, against the witch gods. Blindfolding.

Chun Yuyi (c. 215 B.C.).Contribution 1The creation of "diagnosis book" is the earliest existing medical case in China.

2. 20 swollen pulses were recorded, which is a contribution to the diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine and the study of Yu ZhihuiPoint out the dangers of the five stones, 4, modest, realistic scientific attitude.

Hua Tuo (2nd century A.D. 208) contributed 1, proficient in internal and external women's and children's acupuncture and moxibustion, especially famous for surgery2, first applied the general anesthetic of Bishu Chinese medicine - Ma Boiling Powder (abdominal surgery. This is unprecedented in Cong Qin's Chinese medicine; It also plays an important role in the history of anesthesia and surgery in the world. 3. In terms of internal medicine, adhere to the principle of different treatment for the same disease and the same treatment for different diseases.

4. Promote active physical exercise. Imitating the movements of animals, he created the "Five Fowl Play", which is the medical body infiltration of the tongue generation, and also created a precedent for sports bionics.