What is MCU? What are the applications in practice?

Overview of microcontrollers.

1. What is a single-chip microcomputer A computer that can work should be composed of several parts: CPU (for operation and control), RAM (data storage), ROM (program storage), input and output devices (such as: serial port, parallel output port, etc.).

On a personal computer, these parts are divided into chips and mounted on a printed circuit board called a motherboard. In the single-chip microcomputer, these parts are all made into an integrated circuit chip, so it is called a single-chip (single-chip) microcomputer, and some single-chip microcomputers in addition to the above parts, but also integrate other parts such as a d, d a, etc.

The single-chip microcomputer is simply an integrated circuit, but it can be independently controlled or carried out a certain job, such as a fully automatic washing machine, etc., which has a single-chip microcomputer.

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Mobile phone, TV, air conditioner, automatic washing machine, remote control, etc.

Single-chip microcomputer (single-chip microcomputer) is an integrated circuit chip, which is a kind of ultra-large-scale integrated circuit technology with data processing capabilities of the first processor CPU, RAM, read-only memory ROM, a variety of IO ports and interrupt system.

Timer counter and other functions (which may also include display drive circuits, pulse width modulation circuits, analog multiplexers, AD converters and other circuits) are integrated into a silicon wafer to form a small but complete microcomputer system, which is widely used in the field of industrial control. From the 80s of the last century, from the 4-bit and 8-bit single-chip microcomputers at that time, to the current 300m high-speed single-chip microcomputer.

Combinators

Combinators are composed of arithmetic & logical unit (ALU), accumulators, and registers. The function of ALU is to perform arithmetic or logical operations on the incoming data, and input ** as two 8-bit data, one from the accumulator and the other from the data register. ALU can add, subtract, and, or, compare the size of these two data, and finally store the results in the accumulator.

Mobile phones, TVs, air conditioners, automatic washing machines, remote controls, IC card meters, water meters, keyboards, children's toys, car ......

Our most common kind of calculator, the earliest is inter4-bit machine, early remote control TV, channel selection system, 4-bit machine, VCD, LD, induction cooker, projector, and even your mobile phone, some of them are not a piece inside, cars, that is to say, 60-80% of all electrical appliances with point control functions have the shadow of single-chip microcomputer.

A lot of air conditioners, washing machines, etc., as long as they need to be controlled, they are all single-chip microcomputer applications.

What are the applications of PLC in real life, please talk about it in detail! PLC is generally used in industry, and in our daily life, the most contact is single-chip microcomputer, such as refrigerator at home, washing machine.

To put it simply, everything with intelligent control (words) in the instructions for use or actual use. Those that can set different usage parameters belong to single-chip microcomputers.

Your question sounds a little awkward, "which daily necessities use single-chip microcomputer", is this easy to understand.

The household appliances mentioned upstairs generally use single-chip microcomputers, as well as refrigerators, air conditioners, etc., and some electric toothbrushes are also controlled by single-chip microcomputers. The single-chip microcomputer is not a panacea, but it can indeed achieve many functions, so many electrical appliances use single-chip microcomputers. Low-end automated and intelligent products are very suitable for single-chip microcomputer control, which does not waste resources or waste price.

The single-chip microcomputer in the textbook is a general-purpose product, mainly used for teaching and new product development, the practical single-chip microcomputer should be called a special intelligent chip, or an application-specific integrated circuit, which integrates the necessary single-chip microcomputer functions and peripheral circuits, solidifies the application, that is, reduces the circuit cost, power consumption, and also improves the reliability - one more component and one more fault point!

For example, when the TV remote control is not pressed, the single-chip microcomputer is in a dormant state, and the power consumption is extremely low. After the single-chip microcomputer is woken up by the key, the corresponding instruction code is called up (or calculated) according to the function of the key input, and the infrared transmitter is driven to send out the command of the remote control TV.

Web Links. Typical applications are also mice.

Web Links.

SCM is widely used in the fields of instrumentation, household appliances, medical equipment, aerospace, intelligent management and process control of special equipment.

1. Intelligent instruments.

MCU has the advantages of small size, low power consumption, strong control function, flexible expansion, miniaturization and easy use, etc., and is widely used in instrumentation, combined with different types of sensors, it can realize the measurement of physical quantities such as voltage, current, power, frequency, humidity, temperature, flow, speed, thickness, angle, length, hardness, element, pressure and other physical quantities.

The use of single-chip microcomputer control makes the instrument digital, intelligent, miniaturized, and the function is more powerful than the use of electronic or digital circuits. For example, precision measuring devices (voltmeters, power meters, oscilloscopes, various analyzers).

2. Industrial control.

SCM has the advantages of small size, strong control function, low power consumption, strong environmental adaptability, flexible expansion and convenient use, etc., with SCM can form a variety of control systems, data acquisition systems, communication systems, signal detection systems, wireless perception systems, measurement and control systems, robots and other application control systems.

For example, the intelligent management of the factory assembly line, the intelligent control of the elevator, various alarm systems, and the computer network to form a secondary control system.

3. Household appliances.

4. Network and communication.

Modern single-chip microcomputer generally has a communication interface, can be very convenient with the computer data communication, provides excellent material conditions for the application of computer network and communication equipment, communication equipment basically realizes the intelligent control of single-chip microcomputer, from mobile phones, first-class machines, small program-controlled switches, building automatic communication call systems, train wireless communication, and then to the daily work of the mobile everywhere, trunking mobile communication, radio walkie-talkie, etc.

5. Automotive electronics.

SCM is widely used in automotive electronics, such as engine controller in automobiles, intelligent electronic controllers of automotive engines based on CAN bus, GPS navigation systems, ABS anti-lock braking systems, braking systems, tire pressure detection, etc.

In addition, single-chip microcomputers have a wide range of uses in the fields of industry and commerce, finance, scientific research, education, electric power, communications, logistics and national defense aerospace.