What is the difference between the reform and opening up and the Westernization movement of the Qing

The common denominator is that they are all top-down reform movements; All were reform movements in difficult times for the country.

The difference is: the Westernization Movement "learns the skills of the master to improve himself", only learns foreign technology, and does not have fundamental system reform; Reform and opening up also includes reforms in the economic system. The Westernization Movement failed, and the reform and opening up is now considered a success.

The Westernization Movement was a self-help reform movement carried out by the Westernists in the feudal ruling class of the Qing Dynasty in order to maintain the feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty.

For a long time, there has been a fierce debate in the historical circles about the nature of the Westernization Movement, and with the deepening of the study of the Westernization Movement, the understanding of its nature has gradually reached a consensus, and most people believe that this is not only a self-help movement of the landlord class, but also a reform movement carried out by the landlord class. First of all, under the situation of "internal and external troubles", some landlords and bureaucrats who rose up in the suppression of the peasant uprising suppressed the peasant uprising with the help of foreign guns and cannons. At the same time, they also tried to "seek strength" and "prosperity" through military training and the establishment of military industries and civilian enterprises, so as to save the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, the Westernization Movement was a self-help activity of the landlord class.

Second, on the basis of not touching the feudal rule, the Westernists implemented some changes, introduced Western science and technology, set up modern enterprises, and reformed the traditional model, which was consistent with the trend of the development of world capitalism at that time, objectively conducive to the development of capitalism, and was also a link in the process of China's modernization.

The self-help movement of the landlord class to consolidate its rule has, in a certain sense, promoted the development of capitalism in China.

There are similarities between the rise of the Westernization Movement and the proposal of reform and opening up, both of which are the urgent needs of the development of the social situation at that time and the inevitable requirements of historical development. The difference is that the Westernization Movement was based on maintaining the rule of the Qing Dynasty, while the reform and opening up was a combination of the great awakening of the Party and the aspirations of the people. The First Sino-Japanese War declared the complete failure of the Westernization Movement, and the results of the reform and opening up for more than 30 years have been remarkable, the people's living standards have generally improved, and the country's strength has been greatly enhanced.

They are all reforms led by **, but the results are very different, which is due to the essential difference between the two:

First, the fundamental purpose of the Westernization Movement was to maintain the feudal rule of the landlord class in the Qing Dynasty, while the fundamental purpose of reform and opening up was to develop the socialist productive forces and improve the people's living standards. The Westernization Movement should use advanced science and technology to maintain the backward social system, which is moving against the trend of history and will inevitably fail. Reform and opening up is to develop productive forces, improve people's living standards, and develop socialism through opening up to the outside world, learning from advanced foreign sciences and systems, and developing socialism through reform.

Second, the Westernization Movement was a passive learning from the West after the Manchu Qing Dynasty was defeated by the Western powers, so it had the characteristics of passivity; Reform and opening up is the initiative of the Communist Party of China under the leadership of the Communist Party of China to take the initiative to learn advanced things from foreign countries and reform its own system.

Third, the reform fields of the Westernization Movement were limited to the fields of science and technology and military affairs; Reform and opening up not only learns from the advanced science and technology of the West, but also includes the advanced social system and humanities of the West.

Fourth, the Westernization Movement only focused on learning from the West, imitating the advanced science and technology of the West, and did not pay attention to innovation, while the reform and opening up not only paid attention to learning from the advanced experience of the West, but also continued to innovate on the basis of learning from the West, forming its own characteristic brand, such as Haier Group, which is a good example.

Fifth, the Westernization Movement was only carried out by the Ming people in the middle of the feudal ruling class and some advanced intellectuals in China at that time, and the broad masses of the people did not effectively participate in it. Reform and opening up is a great cause in which the entire Chinese nation is participating, and only with the participation and support of the masses can there be a foundation for success. Sixth, one of the most important reasons for the failure of the Westernization Movement was the corruption of the Qing Dynasty, which made it impossible to implement many beneficial reforms, or even if they were implemented, they were greatly hindered. The leadership of the Communist Party of China is the people, and the main body of cadres is honest and responsible to the people, which is also one of the favorable guarantees for the success of reform and opening up.

The Westernization Movement was only a process of learning from the West, and it did not belong to the reform of management policy.

Your concept is wrong.

Reform is not to determine whether or not to reform by looking at whether or not the nature of society has changed, but to eliminate backward and decadent parts of the social system, improve the current system, and make it conform to the development of the new social productive forces.

In the course of reform, there are not only comprehensive changes to promote social transformation, but also partial adjustments to make up for deviations and remedy defects and save the crisis.

Reform and opening up is reform, but the Westernization Movement did not reform the social system, so it is not called reform.

Remember, a reform does not necessarily have to change the nature of society, but only a partial change in the social system is also called a reform.

The manufacturing bureau for state-owned enterprises, without a good ecology, is deformed in the end.

Pretty much all of them are economic reforms after the ruling class closed off the country.

After reflecting on their failures, they decided to learn from advanced foreign cultures and technologies.

Exactly the same effect and result.