The sixteen experiences of the essay on linguistics are urgent!!

The original text of the 16th chapter of the Analects of Linguistics is as follows:

Zi said: "Learn and learn from time to time, don't you also say? Have friends come from afar, are you happy? People don't know and are not ashamed, and they are not gentlemen? ”。

The 16th chapter of the Analects of Linguistics is translated as follows:

Confucius said, "Isn't it pleasant to study and practice from time to time?" Isn't it nice to have like-minded people from afar? People don't understand me, and I don't resent or get angry, isn't I also a virtuous gentleman? ”

Notes: 1) Zi: In ancient China, the honorific title for a man with status and learning, sometimes he was also referred to as a man in general. The Zi in the Analects refers to Confucius.

2) Learning: The "learning" that Confucius talked about here mainly refers to the study of traditional cultural classics such as rituals, music, poems, and books in the Western Zhou Dynasty.

3) Shi Xi: In the Zhou and Qin periods, the character "Shi" was used as an adverb, meaning "at a certain time" or "at an appropriate time". However, Zhu Xi interprets "shi" as "often" in his book Annotations to the Analects.

"Xi" refers to the practice of rituals and music; Review poems and books. It also means revision, internship, and practice.

4) Say: sound yuè, with Yue, pleasant, happy meaning.

5) Youpeng: A book of "friends". The old note says, "Friends in the same door", that is, those who study under the same teacher are called friends, that is, like-minded people.

6) Happiness: There is a difference between speaking and speaking. The old note says that joy is in the heart, and happiness is seen outside.

7) People don't know: This sentence is incomplete, and it doesn't say what people don't know. Objects are missing. Generally speaking, to know, is to understand. People don't know, it means that others don't understand themselves.

8) 愠: pronounced yùn, angry, resentful.

9) Junzi: The gentleman in the Analects sometimes refers to a virtuous person, and sometimes to a person with a position. This refers to the person with a noble personality in Confucius's ideals.

Today I will study the fifteenth rule of the Analects.

Original. Zigong said: "Poor but no flattery, rich but not arrogant, what is it?

Zi said: "Yes." Those who are not poor are happy, and those who are rich and courteous.

Zigong said: ""Poetry" cloud: 'If you cut like a study, if you think like grinding', what does it mean to be with?

Zi said: "Give also, the beginning can be with the words and poems, tell the past and know the future." ”

Translations. Zigong said: "Poor and Lu Tong is not flattering, rich but not proud, how is this performance?

Confucius said, "It's okay. But it is not as good as the poor and willing to do, and the rich and respectful of manners.

Zigong said: "The Book of Songs, Wei Feng, Qi Ao says: 'Just like trimming bone corners and jade, we must continue to learn from each other and strive for excellence.

That's what you mean, right? Confucius said, "Yes, now I can discuss the Book of Songs with you!"

Tell you one thing, and you can play on your own and comprehend another. ”

Study notes and tips.

This is a wonderful dialogue between Confucius and Zigong. When you are poor, you can at least do the right thing, because poverty has a lot less worries, and you can do what you need to do. "Rich and courteous", ancient etiquette is very important, hail but the realization of etiquette often costs money.

If a rich person has a thick bottom, it will make the whole scene solemn and noble, and the person will look more elegant. "If you cut like learning, if you are early, you can be frank and grinding", that is, keep improving, so that you can play your own and understand another thing. When people are poor, they can better show the level of their aspirations, and at this time, in addition to having no flattery, if they continue to do the way and take pleasure in it, they will be close to the realm of human perfection.

Wealthy people can also do the way, that is, in addition to not being arrogant, they must also be courteous. In this conversation, we saw Zigong's skills, his thinking ability is good, and his expression skills are also very good. Confucius's views on the rich and the poor.