What are the layout forms of hybrid vehicles and what are the characteristics of each?

Hybrid vehicles.

There are 3 types of arrangement: series, parallel and mixed.

Tandem type means that the engine drives the generator to generate electricity, and its electric energy is directly transmitted to the motor through the motor controller, and the motor generates electromagnetic torque to drive the car. The performance characteristics are:

1) The working state of the engine is not affected by the driving conditions of the car, and always runs stably in its best working area, therefore, the engine has good economy and low emission indicators.

2) Because there is a battery for driving power "peak shaving", the power of the engine only needs to meet the power required by the car at a certain speed for stable operation, so the engine with less power can be selected.

3) There is no mechanical connection between the engine and the drive axle, therefore, there is no requirement for the speed of the engine, and the choice range of the engine is larger, such as the high-speed gas turbine can be selected.

and other efficient prime movers.

Just study Toyota Honda's hybrid technology, everything else is spicy chicken!!

The most obvious difference between plug-in hybrid vehicles and ordinary BAI hybrid vehicles is that the plug-in type can be driven in both pure electric mode and hybrid mode where the engine and drive motor work together. Ordinary hybrid vehicles are mainly powered by oil twisters, and electric driving is just an auxiliary function that can only be used for starting, low-speed and short distances, etc., and can not be driven in pure electric mode anytime and anywhere.

This is due to the fact that plug-in hybrids have larger batteries than regular hybrids and can also be externally charged, so plug-in hybrids can be used for daily driving in pure electric mode. When the battery is depleted, the plug-in hybrid vehicle will also drive mainly with the internal combustion engine and charge the battery at the right time. The more common ones are BYD Qin and Tang, which are plug-in hybrids.

What we usually call hybrid generally refers to a gasoline-electric hybrid, that is, a mixture of fuel (gasoline, diesel, etc.) and electric energy. Hybrid vehicles are powered by an electric motor as auxiliary power to the engine. The fuel economy of hybrid models is much better than that of fuel vehicles, and the driving performance is generally stronger.

Compared with pure electric vehicles, because they can not rely on charging piles, there are no restrictions on the driving range, and it is more convenient to use. At present, the hybrid models on sale are mainly divided into: plug-in hybrid vehicles, gasoline-electric hybrid (mild hybrid) vehicles, and extended-range hybrid vehicles.

First: Plug-in hybrid vehicles There are two ways to power**, one is fuel, and the other is charging. In pure electric mode, the battery power of this model can maintain a pure electric range of about 50 to 110 kilometers, which is more suitable for short-distance commuting.

When the battery is low, it can be powered by fuel like a gasoline model. The disadvantage is that in the fuel state, the fuel consumption is relatively high. However, you can get on the new energy brand and enjoy new energy subsidies.

Second: petrol-electric hybrid models (mild hybrids) rely entirely on gasoline for energy acquisition, without charging sockets, but the car has an energy mechanism, adding a set of permanent magnet synchronous motors, the car can be used for kinetic energy when braking, stored in the battery, and relying on the motor to start at low speed. As long as this kind of model is refueled on time like a traditional fuel model, it can be used normally.

The disadvantage is that there is no new energy subsidy, and you cannot get a new energy license. **More expensive than traditional fuel models.

Third: a range-extended hybrid vehicle is a vehicle that uses an engine to generate electricity and an electric motor to drive it. A range-extended hybrid is more like an electric car with a generator.

Without the transmission mechanism from the engine to the wheels, the electric vehicle platform can be used. Extended-range vehicles are more energy-efficient than gasoline-powered vehicles. Generally, it can achieve the effect of 50% fuel saving, and the range is longer than that of pure electric vehicles.

The disadvantages are: the engine and electric motor do not directly drive the wheels, so in the process of conversion, it will cause some waste of conversion power; At the same time, on the highway, because there is an extra conversion drive, the fuel consumption will be high. At present, it has also been included in the list of new energy vehicles, and new energy licenses can be hung.

However, it started late, and there are not many models to choose from.

Summary: The above are the mainstream hybrid models on the market at present. These 3 models with different power have their own advantages and disadvantages, and for consumers, they can choose the right model according to their own car needs.

The degree of hybridization can be divided into three categories:

1. Chargeable hybrid - the most comprehensive function and the highest technical difficulty. The car can be driven separately with electric energy and is equipped with a high-capacity battery that can be charged externally, which can be charged by an external power source instead of relying solely on the engine. So cordless hybrids are more fuel-efficient and have lower emissions.

2. Full hybrid - also known as strong hybrid, it uses a high-power motor to minimize the displacement of the engine, and when starting or at low speed, it can simply rely on electricity to drive, but under the influence of comprehensive factors such as road conditions, vehicle load, accelerator pedal depth, etc., the engine will intervene at any time. Full hybrids don't run entirely on electricity for a long time.

3. Mild hybrid - the engine and the motor drive the wheels together, and the main power is that the engine motor only functions as auxiliary power and cannot drive the vehicle alone. The biggest feature is that the engine can automatically stop when the vehicle is stopped, and can regenerate energy during deceleration and braking, so as to achieve the maximum efficiency of hybrid power at the lowest cost.

Hybrid carsThere are three types of structural forms, and the parallel hybrid structure is better.

The so-called "series" is to "string" the engine and motor into a power transmission line. The most important feature of the tandem structure is that the engine does not participate in the work of the vehicle under any conditions, but only the generator drives the motor to supply power.

The tandem is a hybrid system.

The simplest of all, it is structured like a car with a gasoline engine.

of pure electric vehicles, because there is no traditional gearbox.

Its structure has also become more flexible.

Because the engine is always running at high efficiency, the fuel consumption of hybrid vehicles with tandem structure is lower than that of ordinary vehicles in medium and low speed conditions, and can save about 30% of fuel.

At the same time, due to the power system with series structure, it is only driven by electric mode, which is convenient for users to operate.

Parallel structure refers to the addition of an electric drive device on the ordinary car, usually an additional motor and battery, this drive system can drive the wheels independently, but also work at the same time, so as to drive the operation of the vehicle.

In the event that the battery is low, the engine can also drive the motor in reverse direction to charge the battery.

Compared to the tandem structure, the engine and electric motor can be powered at the same time in a hybrid system with parallel structure, and have better dynamic characteristics. For example, Bia Xiang Padi.

The Qin, powered by an engine and an electric motor, can reach 300 horsepower.

The power system of the hybrid hybrid system is to add an additional drive motor on the basis of the engine and motor, and the hybrid hybrid system can give full play to the advantages of series and parallel, with more transmission modes and greater power output.

However, this technology has been monopolized by Toyota, so there are not many car companies that use this technology, which brings problems to later maintenance.

The structural form of hybrid power can also be divided into three types, namely series structure, parallel structure and hybrid structure. Among them, the extended-range hybrid aerodynamic penetration force can only be a tandem bucket spine structure, the so-called hybrid vehicle, refers to two types of power models, and the more common are plug-in hybrid vehicles, silver closed gasoline-electric hybrid vehicles and extended range electric vehicles.

According to the connection mode of hybrid drive, hybrid vehicles are generally divided into three categories: series hybrid vehicles, parallel hybrid vehicles, and hybrid hybrid vehicles. The vehicle drive system is composed of two or more single drive systems that can operate at the same time, and the driving power of the vehicle is provided by a single drive system alone or jointly according to the actual vehicle driving state.

Due to the different components of each component, the arrangement of the locust ruler and the control strategy, a variety of classification forms of the letter height have been formed. The energy-saving and low-emission characteristics of hybrid vehicles have attracted great attention from the automotive industry and have become a focus of automotive research and development.

Plug-in hybrid vehiclesPlug-in hybrid vehicles are referred to as PHEVs, and the principle is to add a liquid-air celery set electric drive system to the basic limbs of fuel vehicles, which has both the engine and gearbox of traditional cars, as well as the batteries and motors of electric vehicles, and can be charged by external power supply. Plug-in hybrid vehicles have a larger battery capacity and can support a longer driving range.

99% of the cars you see are front-wheel drive, so the rear wheels are unpowered. And 90% of front-wheel drive cars are independently suspended, that is. The two wheels work independently, and are not connected by a beam.

Since it is independent, it is easier to deal with the situation where the number of turns in the drive process is different. The part that deals with this situation is called a differential, so let's simply talk about how the differential works.

The driving effect of the engine on the wheels is not measured in the number of revolutions, but the torque (force x arm) in fact, the torque received by each front wheel is the same. The inner wheels are subjected to a large resistance torque, so they rotate slowly and have fewer natural turns. The resistance torque of the wheels is small, the rotation is fast, and the number of natural laps is large.

The rear wheels of the car are generally semi-independent, i.e. they can also have their own corners, but not as freely as the front wheels. Fully independent rear wheels, generally multi-link rear overhang, such a car is far better in cornering maneuverability than semi-independent, non-independent rear wheel suspension.

There are two types of hybrid, power transmission. One is a separate electric transmission power, with only one continuously variable transmission. The engine charges the battery. The second is that both the engine and the battery can provide power, and this one needs to be equipped with two gearboxes.

Automobile hybrid is to install a set of internal combustion engine on a pure electric vehicle, the purpose of which is to reduce the pollution of the car and improve the mileage of the pure electric vehicle.

Hybrid electric vehicles are those that run on conventional fuels and are equipped with an electric motor to improve low-speed power output and fuel consumption. According to the different types of fuels, it can be mainly divided into gasoline hybrid and diesel hybrid. At present, in the domestic market, the mainstream of hybrid vehicles are gasoline hybrids, and diesel hybrid models in the international market are also developing rapidly.

Advantages: 1. After the use of hybrid power, the maximum power of the internal combustion engine can be determined according to the average required power, and it is working under the optimal working conditions of low fuel consumption and less pollution. When the power of the high-power internal combustion engine is insufficient, it is supplemented by the battery; When the load is low, the surplus power can be used to generate electricity to charge the battery, and since the internal combustion engine can continue to work, the battery can be continuously recharged, so its journey is the same as that of a regular car.

2. Because of the battery, it is very convenient to use the energy during braking, downhill and idling. 3. In the bustling urban area, the internal combustion engine can be shut down and driven by the battery alone to achieve "zero" emissions. 4. With the internal combustion engine, it is very convenient to solve the problems encountered by pure electric vehicles such as air conditioning, heating, and defrosting that consume energy.

Disadvantages: Long-distance high-speed driving basically can not save fuel. **High.

Hybrid vehicles are generally fuel-plus power batteries, and there are two categories, namely main fuel and main electricity.

Light mixing is a product of the policy and can only play an auxiliary role! With the exception of a few models, mild hybrids cannot directly drive the vehicle!

Hello! Glad for your question!

Hybrid electric vehicles.

According to the form of the fluid structure of the dynamic system, it is divided into the following three categories:

The first category, series hybrid electric vehicles (SHEV).

The second category is hybrid electric vehicles (CHEV).

The third nightshade, parallel hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) hope that my base potato can help you, hopefully