In the county government of the Qing Dynasty, in addition to the county, what other public servants

There are also county officials, classic history, head catchers, masters, and so on.

The magistrates of the Qing Dynasty were generally six-grade**, and if the region was more remote, the lower the grade, and only the magistrates in the capital were six-grade**.

It should be the official position of the six products, because the official positions of the six products include the county, and the county is in the ** system, although it is not the highest, but it is also very important to know things.

The Qing Dynasty is a very good dynasty, and there are several generations of emperors who have done a very good job, and the country has been prosperous and ready to sell well.

The magistrate of the capital is a six-grade official position, the magistrate of other counties is a seven-grade official position, and the county is an eight-grade official position.

The magistrate of the Qing Dynasty was a seven-grade **, and generally speaking, it was the ordinary people who were in charge, so the official position was not very big.

The prefect is smaller than the prefect, the prefect only manages a county, and the prefect is equivalent to the current mayor and is the superior of the prefect.

There are three kinds of officials, officials, and servants, and you will understand.

Officials: leading comrades, officials on the register (mainly produced by the imperial examination, some can be inherited in the shadow, and a few can contribute a large amount of money to donate to officials), and their salaries are paid by the government.

The county order (secretary of the county party committee), the county secretary (executive deputy county), the chief secretary (the director of the government office), the history (the director of the public security bureau), and the patrol inspection (the director of the development zone in the county) are non-existent. In a word, only these four people are officials. Large counties will add one or two counties (the permanent place is generally not in the county seat) and inspection.

Official: The head of the sixth room. Those who have a fixed number can never be promoted to an official; The authority is equivalent to the current deputy section level.

Servitude: No establishment, no salary (may be subsidized). It is to fulfill the obligation for **. Equivalent to conscription. Chores, tiring work, and beating people are basically done by them.

Master: A private secretary hired by the county magistrate at his own expense. Of course, there is no establishment, and there is no financial expenditure.

The total number of people will not exceed 100.

If you have to compare it with today, you can refer to the township**.

In the later period, the government will be chaotic: there will be a large number of white servants. That is, they don't want their own wages and rush to come to work.

The population of a county in the Ming Dynasty is equivalent to a town today, and it is the most basic ** institution, and it is obviously a small **, the official is not allowed to go out of the city without anything, and the Qing Dynasty is a big **, and there is a level ** below (township or street office), and the things in charge are many, miscellaneous and detailed.

Completely incomparable.

In the Qing Dynasty, the number of county officials was different from county to county, and the number of people in medium-sized counties was about 100. According to the silver data of the government personnel in Ziyang County, Shaanxi Province during the period from Xianfeng to Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty, the data of the 11th year of Xianfeng shows that there are 105 people of various types of county government personnel who receive silver and food silver, and the total annual silver demand is 833 taels and 1 money and 8 cents.

The establishment of the county government in the Qing Dynasty is as follows:

1. Zhixian, is the seventh product.

He is in charge of the civil administration of a county, deciding lawsuits and breaking prisons, persuading farmers to help the poor, fighting for adultery and eliminating cunning, and promoting and establishing religion. The main focus is on the two items of criminal name and money valley. The name of the criminal sentence is the judicial trial, and the county governor must personally handle a case from investigation and examination to arrest of criminals, detention and imprisonment, and trial and verdict.

There is also the collection of money, grain, and commercial taxes, and the county must personally inquire about it.

Since local affairs are handled by the county, the quality of the county determines the fate of the people of a county to a certain extent. Therefore, some people refer to the magistrate as a "parent official".

2. County Cheng, is eight products.

Before the Ming Dynasty, the main clerk and the management of warehousing. The Qing Dynasty, together with the main book, assisted the magistrate in taking charge of the county's grain and horses, taxation, household registration, patrol and arrest, salt industry, water conservancy and other matters. Qiantang County and Renhe County also added a member of Quannong County to be in charge of agriculture.

3. The main book, from the nine products.

Song used to be in charge of documents, books and seals, and his duties were to record the affairs of his subordinates and review and issue documents. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, he was the adjutant of the county, mainly in charge of public security.

4. The county school teaches and teaches eight products.

Although he is not an adjutant, he has a high status, and he is the county school prefect, responsible for the study affairs of the students, and the county school instructor is his adjutant.

5. Classic history, from the nine products.

Also known as the county lieutenant, he manages the security and prisons of the county, and is responsible for arresting thieves. Although the quality of the canonical history is low, they can act on their behalf when the county and the main book are not there.

6. Inspection, from the nine products.

Responsible for catching thieves and setting up checks. Patrol and inspection divisions have been set up in key places in each of the customs and Tianjin to lead the soldiers and ensure local safety.

7. Xu officials, also known as scribes, house officials, and priests, have no grade.

It is a low-level civil servant who has no rank in the county government, but there is a quota for the establishment. Officials are different from officials, most of them are locals, with culture, background, and no merit. Recruited by ** recommendation or examination.

Most of them served in the "six rooms" of the county government (officials, soldiers, households, rites, criminals, and workshops), and some of them worked in the inspection office, tax collection office, river berth, post station and other institutions.

"Liufang" is the specific office of the county government, which is composed of ** in charge and Xu officials. The officer's room, the chief of personnel, manages the county office documents and the general affairs of the office. The barracks are in charge of recruitment drills, and manage local armed forces, post stations and "three classes" of government service.

Households, responsible for the collection of land and commercial taxes, the management of household registration, warehouses and financial revenues and expenditures, and the dispatch of conscripts.

The ceremonial room is in charge of sacrifices, examinations, school education, showing filial piety, and educating the people. The Torture Room is in charge of litigation and adjudication, conducting judicial trials, and is responsible for prisoner management. The workshop is in charge of the industry, responsible for tuntian, water conservancy, and engineering construction. There are about 100 officials in one county.

In the Qing system, the highest chief executive of a county is the magistrate. In addition, there are also administrative tasks such as the county and the main book, as well as administrative matters such as the canon and history.

1. County Cheng: According to the system, the county Cheng is the official of the eight grades (except for Jing County). The ** of the county Cheng has Gongsheng and the ambassador of the same hall, the praise of the Honglu Temple, the prelude, the prison of the Criminal Department, the Han Army Jiupin pen post style, the political secretary Zhaoma, the governor of the salt transportation division, the governor of the court, the county master, the county magistrate, the county discipline, the government Zhaoma, the general judgment, etc.

After the expiration of the county's term, if he is promoted with excellent performance, he can be promoted to deputy commander of the Soldiers and Horses Division, Jingxian County Commander, Beijing Government Experience, County Governor, Political Secretary Counselor, Judge Experience, Political Secretary Metropolitan Affairs, Salt Transportation Division Experience, and State Judgment.

The county has its own office office, which together with the main bookkeeper is responsible for the county's grain and horses, taxes, household registration, patrol and other affairs. Whether or not to set up a county in each county and the number of people set up is related to the size of the county, and some counties with many affairs have several counties, while some counties with simple affairs can also not have counties.

Supervisors, Officials, Ambassadors of the Propaganda Division, Officers of the Soldiers and Horses, Prisons, Ambassadors of the Prefecture Taxation Division, Prefecture Officials, Ambassadors of the Prefecture Warehouse, Inspectors, Classics, and Treasury. If the chief secretary is promoted after the expiration of his term, he can be promoted to the rank of state judge, governor of the court, governor of the prefecture, governor of the salt transportation department, and director of the judge.

The setting of the main book is similar to that of the county, with its own special office, and the county is in charge of grain and horses, taxes, household registration, patrol and arrest. There is one person for complicated matters, and there is no county for simple matters.

3. Classical History: The grade of the classic history is not in the stream, and it is in charge of supervising the prison prisoners in a county. If the county does not have a county and a master book, then the functions of the county and the master book are also taken over by one person.

4. Inspection: Please set up inspection departments in the passes, ferries and other key places in various states and counties to arrest thieves and interrogate treachery, which is equivalent to the current police station. The inspection of the inspection department is from the nine officials.

5. Yicheng: Yicheng manages each post station, and is in charge of the postal transmission and greeting and sending off the past, which is equivalent to the function of the current post office and guest house. The grade of Yicheng is not in the stream.

6. Gate officer: It is also an officer who has not entered the stream, and is in charge of the storage, opening and closing of each gate. Equivalent to the current reservoir management personnel.

7. The ambassador of the tax department: also a non-entry officer, in charge of tax collection.

8. Warehouse Ambassador: Not in the stream, in charge of the storage and guarding of the warehouse.

9. The ambassador of the river station: If it does not enter the stream, it will collect the fishery tax.

10. Medical Training Department: Not entered, he is a medical officer of a county, which is equivalent to the current president of the county hospital.

11. Yin and Yang Training: Before entering the stream, in charge of astrology (astronomy).

12. The Sangha Association: The monks who have not entered the stream and are in charge of a county.

13, the Taoist Association Division: not into the stream, in charge of a county Taoist priest.

Qing Dynasty one.

The county yamen has a seven-grade official, who is the county magistrate, according to the current name is the county magistrate, and there are two civil officials of the ninth grade, one is the county cheng, that is, the deputy county magistrate, and there is a county lord Bo, and the county is in charge of grain and horses, taxation, household registration and other work, called Eryin, also known as "Zuotang." "The county lord is called Sanyin, and there is also a name called Dianshi, commonly known as the Four Masters, who is in charge of county documents and other things, and is actually the director of the county public security bureau, because he has no taste, and is also called not in the stream, nine grades and eighteen levels, and the history of the canon is not at this level, but it is also **, wearing a gold top with openwork flowers, and also wearing an official uniform of five pythons and four claws. There are only four of them in one county.

In the Ming Dynasty, the internal personnel of the county government were mainly divided into three categories: officials, officials, and servants. The division of labor is mainly the decision-making of the officials, the management of documents, and the dispatch of servants. Zhixian, county Cheng, the main book, the history of the official is the official, Zuo Er, the leader is the imperial palace, and the number is very small.

The county officials are in charge of the administrative affairs of a county. Zuo Er, the leader is responsible for persuading agriculture, water conservancy, Qing army, patrol and other things. Officials are public officials registered with the Ministry of Officials, mainly in the Sixth Room, Grain Section, Horse Department and other housing sections, and handle official documents and account books.

The service is the official who stands in the hall, guards, guards, urges, arrests and other matters at the disposal of the officials.

The magistrate manages the administration of the county, and some are also in charge of the military, and most of the official ranks are seven grades. The assistant of the county magistrate is the county clerk, the chief bookkeeper, etc., the county clerk assists the county magistrate in managing the county government, and the chief clerk manages the county's grain tax and household registration. In addition, there are also government officials, who are responsible for the stationing of the yamen, arrest, detention, urging, requisition, release from custody and other affairs.

1. Yixian County Yazheng Hall.

On the central axis of the People's ** Intermediate Court of Yixian County. Founded in the Song Xuanhe period back, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties all have the answer to destroy Xing, the department that is now preserved in the early years of Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty was rebuilt by Chen Deming of Zhixian County. Covering an area of 160 square meters, it is a square building in the style of a mountain.

2. Yexian County Ya.

In Ye County, Henan Province, it was built in the second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1369 AD), and it is the only county government building of the Ming Dynasty in the existing ancient government office in our country.

3. Ninghai County Ya.

4. Fuliang Ancient County Ya.

Suburbs of Jingdezhen 8 km.

5. Jimo County Ya.

In the backyard of the Municipal Museum at No. 29 North Legislative Street, East End Road, Zhongshan Street, Jimo City. It is the only old county of Santang that can be seen in Shandong Province.

6. Linjin County Ya.

Linjin Town, 20 kilometers northwest of Linyi County, Shanxi Province, was the location of the Linjin County Government Office in the Yuan Dynasty.

7. Neixiang County Ya.

It is located on the north side of the middle section of Chengdong Street in Neixiang County, Nanyang City, Henan Province, and faces south from the north.

It was built in the eighth year of Dade in the Yuan Dynasty (1304 AD), rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty, covering an area of more than 20,000 square meters, with more than 280 halls and houses. It is the most well-preserved county-level official office in China's feudal society.

8. Linzi County Ya Hall.

It is located in the east and west streets of Qidu Town, in the middle of the county in the north of the road.

The only existing county government of the Ming Dynasty in our country - Ye County County.

Except for Jing County, the other county magistrates were all the leaders of the Qing Dynasty, one of the most popular leaders of the Qing Dynasty. Further down, we can only rely on the local gentry and clans to maintain self-government, which is the so-called "imperial power does not return to the county". There are two more important positions under the county magistrate, the county magistrate and the lieutenant of the county magistrate.

The county magistrate is responsible for assisting the Oak Dust county magistrate in administrative affairs and is equivalent to the deputy county magistrate. The lieutenant of the magistrate is responsible for assisting the magistrate in the administration of law and order and justice, and is equivalent to the secretary of the political and legal committee and the director of the public security bureau.

Since sheriffs control all of a county's rights except for the power of life and death, there can also be corruption or collusion with other forces. The basic salary of a county magistrate in the Qing Dynasty was around £90 per year. The county magistrate needed to hire his masters, retinues, palanquins, cooks, concierges, etc., as servants of the yamen.

With wives, concubines, and servants, silver is not enough. As long as the county magistrate wanted to, he could use his power to control local power and raise money with the power of his wielding, collusion, and trusted helpers. It is not uncommon to make friends with Yamen employees and employees, abuse others, and extort money.

Of course, a good county magistrate will be transferred and promoted because of his outstanding performance during the evaluation period. The Zhixian group had the most access to ordinary people, so the Qing emperor attached great importance to the appointment of Zhixian. The implementation of national policies, taxation and local stability are inseparable from the implementation of county levels.

The county governor has the same rights in terms of responsibilities and is fully responsible for local finance, legal, punitive, political and civil affairs, including taxation, the distribution of public funds, the implementation of national and local policies, the arrest of refugees, the settlement of bandits, the maintenance of public safety, civil disputes, the education of villagers, etc.

Thus, the collection of local taxes, public safety, territorial development, supervision and education, and religious beliefs are all part of the evaluation of the performance of the county court. The evaluation interval is three years, and the results of the evaluation are directly related to the position of the county commissioner for the next three years. Zhixian is like the emperor of the soil, it is very majestic in a county, and the "Great Qing Huidian" records that there are 1,303 counties in the whole territory of the Qing Dynasty.