What is the difference between the Southern Song Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty?

Song Dynasty (960-1279) is an era in Chinese history that inherited five dynasties and ten kingdoms and the Yuan Dynasty. When Song Taizu founded the country, in order to avoid the tragedy of the division of feudal towns and the chaos of eunuchs since the Tang Anshi Rebellion, he adopted a national policy of emphasizing internal affairs over foreign affairs and emphasizing literature and suppressing military force. On the one hand, the Song Dynasty was stable and rarely had civil strife, which was conducive to economic development and cultural prosperity; But on the other hand, it also led to a weakening of the armed forces and a defeat to the foreign enemy in the north.

However, relatively speaking, the Song Dynasty was the most prosperous era in ancient Chinese history in terms of economy, culture and education. The famous historian Chen Yin said: "The culture of the Chinese nation has evolved over thousands of years and was created in the Zhao and Song dynasties.

The Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279) was a dynasty in Chinese history, Song Gaozong Zhao Gou rebuilt the Song Dynasty in Lin'an (now Hangzhou), known as the Southern Song Dynasty, and the Jin Dynasty was bounded by the Huaishui (now Huai River) in the east and the Dasanguan in the west. The Southern Song Dynasty coexisted with the Western Xia, Jin Dynasty and Dali. The Southern Song Dynasty was located south of Huaishui, and was a dynasty in Chinese history with a developed feudal economy, ancient scientific and technological development, and a high degree of opening to the outside world, but its military strength was relatively weak and politically incompetent.

The Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127) was a dynasty in Chinese history, founded by Zhao Kuangyin, with its capital Kaifeng, and the Southern Song Dynasty together known as the Song Dynasty, also known as the "Two Song Dynasty". The establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty put an end to the fragmentation that had existed since the end of the Tang Dynasty, and ruled the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the vast areas south of it, realizing the unification of most of China. However, due to the strength of the Liao, Jin, and Western Xia countries in the same era as the Song Dynasty, the Northern Song Dynasty regime has always been under the threat of foreign nations.

In 1127, the Jin army broke through Kaifeng, plundered the Hui and Qin emperors, known as the "Jingkang Change" in history, and the Northern Song Dynasty perished.

The capital of the Southern Song Dynasty is Lin'an, now Hangzhou, and the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, Tokyo Bianliang, is now Kaifeng. The Southern Song Dynasty was the continuation of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Northern Song Dynasty was a unified regime, and the Southern Song Dynasty was a partial regime.

All of them were in the Song Dynasty, only one of them was Kaifeng, and the other fled to the south and made Hangzhou the capital after being ruled by the Jin people in the north. For the sake of research convenience, later generations distinguish between one called the Northern Song Dynasty and the other called the Southern Song Dynasty. Just like there are many people in history who named the country the Han Dynasty, all in order to distinguish between the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Western Han Dynasty, and became the Han Dynasty.

Many people are called Tang, and some people are called Tang, Later Tang, and Southern Tang.

The time is different, and one is moving from the north to the south, and the other is fighting every year!

Their kingdoms are different. One in the north and one in the south.

Depending on the time they are in, the territory under their jurisdiction is different.

1. The times are different.

The Song Dynasty was established in 960 and fell in 1279, of which the Northern Song Dynasty was established in 960 with the addition of Zhao Kuangyin's yellow robe, and ended in 1127 with the capture of Tokyo by the Jin Dynasty army; The Southern Song Dynasty began in 1127 with the Song Gao Emperor Yingtian boarding the plane as the symbol of the emperor, in 1279 the Battle of Yashan Song army was annihilated, the late Song Emperor Zhao Yu jumped into the sea and martyred, the Southern Song Dynasty officially perished.

2. The location is different.

Zhao Kuangyin was born in Songzhou, the capital of Bianliang, also known as Tokyo (located in Kaifeng, Henan), known as the Northern Song Dynasty in history. Zhao Gou ascended the throne as emperor in Yingtian (located in present-day Shangqiu, Henan), and because Tokyo had been occupied at this time, he had to move the capital south to Lin'an Mansion (located in present-day Hangzhou, Zhejiang), known as the Southern Song Dynasty in history.

3. Politics is different.

The Song Dynasty is indeed divided into two stages in history, but the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty are only said by later generations, and the overall court of the Song Dynasty is heavy on literature and military suppression, but in comparison, the politics of the Northern Song Dynasty still have the shadow of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and the "law of the ancestors" is pursued, while the politics of the Southern Song Dynasty have changed to the Ming Dynasty as a whole, and there has been a contradiction and conflict between the power and the imperial power.

4. The economy is different.

There is no fault and leap in the time of the Northern and Southern Song Dynasty, so the difference in the overall economic situation is not obvious, but due to the advancement of the times, the commodity economy of the Southern Song Dynasty is obviously more mature and developed, and the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty is Hangzhou, the economic center of gravity is more dependent on the port, and the overseas ** is more developed, so the contribution of commercial income to the country is obviously greater.

The Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty are two important dynasties in Chinese history, and the differences between them are mainly reflected in the following aspects: Peili.

2.Territory: During the Northern Song Dynasty, China's territory was relatively complete, including present-day Chinese mainland and some surrounding areas, while during the Southern Song Dynasty, it controlled only parts of southern and southeastern China.

3.Political system: During the Northern Song Dynasty, the political system of the feudal dynasty was implemented, with a perfect bureaucratic system and developed cultural undertakings; During the Southern Song Dynasty, it paid more attention to culture and education, and established the Huizhou School and the Confucianism School.

4.Economic conditions: During the Northern Song Dynasty, China's economy prospered, and many commercial centers and prosperous cities appeared, such as Kaifeng, Hangzhou, etc.; During the Southern Song Dynasty, economic development was relatively slow, but industry and commerce still developed, such as silk, porcelain and other industries.

5.Culture and art: During the Northern Song Dynasty, culture and art flourished, with important achievements in poetry, painting, architecture, etc., such as Su Shi, Ouyang Xiu and other cultural celebrities; During the Southern Song Dynasty, more attention was paid to literature and painting art, such as writers such as Duan Zhongjiao, Lu You, Li Qingzhao, and painters such as Empress Wende and Ma Yuan.

In short, there are certain differences between the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty in terms of politics, economy, culture, etc., but both dynasties are very important periods in Chinese history.

There are two main differences between the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty, the first is the difference in geographical location. The capital of the Northern Song Dynasty was set in Kaifeng Mansion in the north, and the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty was set in Lin'an, Hangzhou. The second difference is reflected in the political economy, the politics of the Northern Song Dynasty were more like the Tang Dynasty, while the political system of the Southern Song Dynasty was more like that of the later Ming Dynasty.

Economically, the economy of the Southern Song Dynasty was more prosperous.

The Northern Song Dynasty is a dynasty in Chinese history after the Wudan Dynasty and the Ten Kingdoms, with nine early emperors and 167 years of reign. Together with the Southern Song Dynasty, it is called the Song Dynasty, also known as the Two Song Dynasty, because the royal family surname is Zhao, also known as Zhao Song. In the seventh year of Bixiande (960), the generals of the Later Zhou Dynasty launched the Chenqiao Mutiny, supported Zhao Kuangyin as the emperor, established the Song Dynasty, set the capital of Tokyo Kaifeng Mansion (Henan Kaifeng), and changed the Yuan Jianlong.

The differences between the two are as follows:

1. The time is different: the Northern Song Dynasty is 960-1127, and the Southern Song Dynasty is 1127-1279.

2. The location is different: the Southern Song Dynasty is located in the south of the Huai River in the Qinling Mountains, along the Huaishui River (now the Huai River) in the east with the Jin Dynasty, and the Dasanguan in the west, and the Southern Song Dynasty and the Western Xia and Jin Dynasties coexist. The Northern Song Dynasty was the Later Zhou generals who launched the Chenqiao Mutiny, supported Zhao Kuangyin as the emperor, established the Song Dynasty, and set the capital at Tokyo Kaifeng Mansion (Henan Kaifeng).

The Northern Song Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty were bounded by the present-day Haihe River, Hebei Bazhou, and Shanxi Yanmen Pass in the northeast; The northwest is bounded by Hengshan in Shaanxi, eastern Gansu and Huangshui in Qinghai; The southwest is bounded by Minshan Mountain and Dadu River.

3. Political differences - the politics of the Northern Song Dynasty were biased towards the Sui and Tang dynasties, while the politics of the Southern Song Dynasty were more similar to those of the Ming Dynasty, after all, the Northern Song Dynasty basically pursued the "law of the ancestors", while the influence of the "law of the ancestors" before the Southern Song Dynasty debated the Chan Dynasty was significantly weakened, and the contradictions and conflicts between the relative power and the imperial power also increased.

The Southern Song Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty are collectively known as the Song Dynasty, with a total of five generations and nine emperors, and they enjoyed the country for 152 years.

1. Territorial differences. The Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty confronted each other along the Huaishui River in the east, and the Southern Song Dynasty coexisted with the Western Xia and Jin Dynasties.

2. There is no difference between the line and the government. The politics of the Northern Song Dynasty inherited some of the old systems of the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, while the politics of the Southern Song Dynasty were self-contained, and the political power of the Southern Song Dynasty was relatively less stable, and the contradictions and conflicts between the prime minister and the imperial power also increased.

3. Economic differences. Compared with the Northern Song Dynasty, the commodity economy of the Southern Song Dynasty was obviously more mature and developed, the contribution of commercial income to the national income was obviously greater, and the Southern Song Dynasty also developed substantially.

1. The development of commodity production in the Song Dynasty was first of all the commercialization of agricultural products, such as tea and sugar, and secondly, the handicraft industry of various raw material production, such as pit and metallurgy, which greatly expanded the scale. The handicraft industry of daily necessities is also generally developed, such as pastries, clothes and hats, household sundries, etc.

2. In the handicraft industry of the Song Dynasty, the government-run handicraft industry still has a very important position. The government-run handicraft industry organization in the Song Dynasty was larger than that in the Tang Dynasty, and the labor force of the government-run handicraft industry in the Song Dynasty was mostly recruited through the so-called "regimental association" (that is, the organization of guilds), paid remuneration, and the labor service system was generally implemented. This means a further emancipation of the labor force.

3. The world's earliest paper money (Jiaozi) appeared in Chengdu in the Northern Song Dynasty

4. Due to the further development of the commodity economy.

Cities began to develop, and the Northern Song government reduced its interference and control over commercial activities. The boundaries between residential and commercial areas are gradually disappearing, and night markets are beginning to appear. The Bianliang depicted in Tokyo Menghualu is a representative of the Northern Song Dynasty.

There are many very prosperous streets in Bianliang, and there are big shops on the street with "majestic houses, vast stores, and tens of millions of dollars in every transaction", and there are Xiao Market, night markets, restaurants, restaurants, stalls, hawkers and regular temple fairs.