What are the famous scientific and technological masterpieces in ancient times

1. Ancient scientific and technological masterpieces.

The names of the ten arithmetic books are: "Zhou Ji Sutra", "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic", "Island Sutra", "Wucao Sutra", "Sun Tzu Sutra", "Xiahouyang Sutra", "Zhang Qiujian Sutra", "Five Classics Arithmetic", "Ancient Arithmetic", and "Fixation".

Qi Min Yao Shu "Northern Wei Dynasty - Jia Sixian.

Song-Shen Kuo "Dream Creek Writings".

Qi Min Yao Shu "Northern Wei Dynasty - Jia Sixian.

"Heavenly Creation" Ming-Song Yingxing "Heavenly Creation".

Compendium of Materia Medica" Ming-Li Shizhen "Compendium of Materia Medica".

Shennong's Materia Medica is the earliest existing pharmacological monograph in China.

In addition, there are "Examination Records", "Gander Star Scripture", "Water Scripture Note", "Yugong Regional Map", "Agricultural Administration Book" and "Xu Xiake Travels".

Zhang Heng...., Mozi w...., Luban...., Zhuge Liang....The famous book has a day a work l open v thing, the famous instrument geokinetic instrument.

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Ten Books of Arithmetic", "Examination of Work", "Mengxi Writings", "Qi Min Techniques", "The Complete Book of Agricultural Administration".

Shen Kuo's "Mengxi Writings", Song Yingxing's "Heavenly Works", "Qi Min's Techniques", "Water Jing Notes", "Wujing General Essentials", "Huangji Calendar", "Ditch Chronicles", "Agricultural Administration"...In fact, there are many others, I remember that there is a compilation in the "Yongle Canon", there should be a photocopy in the library, you can look for it.

Zhang Heng: He invented the armillary sphere and the geodynamic instrument, and was one of the representatives of the armillary theory in the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Cai Lun, who was praised as the "Wood Saint" by later generations

The innovator (non-inventor) of papermaking among the four great inventions of ancient China. Bi Sheng (also known as Bi Sheng, c. 970-1051) was an ancient Chinese inventor and inventor of movable type printing. Ma Jun, a native of Fufeng (now Xingping, Shaanxi), was one of the most prestigious mechanical inventors in the history of ancient Chinese science and technology.

Ma Jun's family was poor when he was young, and he had a stuttering problem, so he was not good at talking but was good at ingenuity, and later held an official position in the Wei State. After the guide car was made, he was edicted to make a hundred puppet plays, called "water turns a hundred plays". Then Ma Jun transformed the weaving machine to improve the work efficiency by four or five times.

Ma Jun also developed a tool for agricultural irrigation, the keel waterwheel (overturned), and since then, Ma Jun has also made contributions to the development and technological progress of Zhuge Liang. Lu Ban, surnamed Gongyi, has the same name. It is also known as the male loser, the male loser, the class loses, and the reckless.

Lu people (the capital of Shandong Qufu, the hometown of Tengzhou, Shandong), "general" and "class" homonym, in ancient times, so people often call him Luban. Born in the thirteenth year of King Jing of Zhou (507 B.C.) and died in the twenty-fifth year of King Zhending of Zhou (444 B.C.), he lived from the late Spring and Autumn Period to the early Warring States Period, and was born in a family of generations of craftsmen. Lu Ban was an outstanding inventor in ancient China, and for more than 2,000 years, his name and stories about him have been circulating among the broad masses of the people.

The civil craftsmen of our country respect him as the ancestor. Huang Daopo, an outstanding textile technology innovator in ancient China.

Astronomy: Zhang Heng, Yuan Tiangang, Seng Yixing, Guo Shoujing, Su Song, Mei WendingMedical: Ge Hong, Hua Tuo, Bian Que, Zhang Zhongjing, Sun Simiao, Li Shizhen, Wang Qingren Mathematics: Liu Hui, Zu Chongzhi, Mei Wending.

Geography: Pei Xiu, Li Daoyuan, Xu Guangqi.

Popular science (comprehensive): Shen Tuo, Song Yingxing.

Inventors: Mozi, Cai Lun, Zhuge Liang, Bi Sheng.

Agronomists: Jia Sixian, Wang Zhen.

1. Zhang Heng (78-139 A.D.), the word Pingzi, a native of Xi'e in Nanyang (now Xia Village, Shiqiao Town, Nanyang City, Henan Province), Zhang Heng observed and recorded 2,500 stars, created the world's first leaky armillary sphere that can perform celestial phenomena more accurately, the first instrument to test the first - the wind and ground motion instrument, and also manufactured a guide car, an automatic drum car, a wooden bird that flew several miles, and so on. Zhang Heng is the author of a total of 32 scientific, philosophical, and literary works, including astronomical works such as "Lingxian" and "Lingxian Tu". In order to commemorate Zhang Heng's exploits, people named a crater on the far side of the moon "Zhang Heng Crater", and the asteroid 1802 was named "Zhang Heng Asteroid".

Guo Moruo's evaluation of Zhang Heng is: "Such a well-rounded figure is rare in world history, and it is admirable. ”

2.Zu Chongzhi (429 500), the character is far away, Fan Yangyu (now Laishui, Hebei) people. Brilliant mathematician, astronomer and mechanic.

For the first time in the history of world mathematics, he calculated the value of pi ( ) to seven decimal places, i.e. between to . He proposed a density rate of about 22 7 and a density rate of 355 113, which was the earliest in the world, more than 1,000 years earlier than Europe, so some people advocate calling it "ancestral rate".The "Da Ming Calendar" compiled by him introduced "precession" into the calendar for the first time.

It is proposed to set 144 Yan months in 391 years. The length of a return year is calculated to be days, and the error is only about 50 seconds. In order to commemorate Zu Chongzhi's exploits, people named a crater on the far side of the moon "Zu Chong's crater", and the asteroid 1888 was named "Zu Chong's asteroid".

3.Xu Guangqi (1562-1633) was the first character, and his name was Xuanhu Wending. A native of Xujiahui, Shanghai, a famous scientist in the late Ming Dynasty, he was the first to introduce advanced scientific knowledge from Europe, especially astronomical knowledge to China, and was engaged in the study of astronomy, calendar, water conservancy, surveying, mathematics, and agriculture all his life.

Liu Zhuo - an astronomer of the Sui Dynasty, Yang Zhongfu - an astronomer of the Southern Song Dynasty, Shen Kuo -

Song Dynasty scientists.

"Heavenly Creation".

Tiangong Kaiwu was first published in 1637 by the famous scientist Song Yingxing of the Ming Dynasty (Ding Chou in the tenth year of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty), a total of three volumes and eighteen articles, the whole book includes agriculture, handicrafts, such as machinery, bricks and tiles, ceramics, sulfur, cover and candles, paper, weapons, gunpowder, textiles, dyeing, salt making, coal mining, oil extraction and other production technologies. Tiangong Kaiwu Xianwu is the world's first comprehensive work on agriculture and handicraft production, is a comprehensive scientific and technological work in ancient China, some people also call it an encyclopedic work, the author is the Ming Dynasty scientist Song Yingxing.

Foreign scholars call it "the encyclopedia of Chinese craftsmanship in the 17th century". In the book, the author emphasizes that human beings should be in harmony with nature, and human beings should be in harmony with natural forces. It is one of the richest preserved historical materials of Chinese science and technology, which focuses more on handicrafts and reflects the state of productive forces in the embryonic period of capitalism in the last years of the Ming Dynasty in China.

Categories: Culture Art >> historical topics.

Analysis: 1. Ancient scientific and technological masterpieces.

The names of the ten arithmetic books are: "Zhou Ji Sutra", "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic", "Island Sutra", "Five Cao Sutras", "Sun Tzu Sutra", "Xiahou Yang Sutra", Tan Stool "Zhang Qiu Jian Sutra", "Five Classics of Arithmetic", "Ancient Arithmetic", and "Fixation".

Qi Min Yao Shu "Northern Wei Dynasty - Jia Sixian.

Song-Shen Kuo Yu slippery "Dream Creek Pen Talk".

Qi Min Yao Shu "Northern Wei Dynasty - Jia Sixian.

"Heavenly Creation" Ming-Song Yingxing "Heavenly Creation".

Compendium of Materia Medica" Ming-Li Shizhen "Compendium of Materia Medica".

Shennong's Materia Medica is the earliest existing pharmacological monograph in China.

In addition, there are "Examination Records", "Gande Qingxin La Xingjing", "Water Jing Note", "Yugong Geographical Map", "Agricultural Administration" and "Xu Xiake's Travels".

2 Scientific instruments.

The celestial sphere, known as "armillary phenomenon" in ancient China, is an instrument used to demonstrate celestial phenomena in ancient China.

The water transport instrument elephant platform is a large astronomical instrument designed and manufactured by Su Song, Han Gonglian and others in the Song Dynasty, it skillfully combines the armillary sphere of observing celestial phenomena, the armillary phenomenon of demonstrating celestial phenomena and the time signaling device, and is an outstanding creation in ancient China.

Zhang Heng's armillary sphere and ground motion instrument.

The sundial, also known as the "daily rule", is a kind of timekeeping instrument that uses the sun's shadow to measure the time in ancient China.

A gauge is a simple and important instrument for measuring the sky, which consists of a vertical gauge (usually eight feet high) and a horizontal gauge. The main function of the watch is to determine the day of the winter solstice, and then to determine the length of the return year, in addition, to determine the direction and solar terms by observing the changes in the shadow of the table.

Qi Min Yaoshu: Written in the last years of the Northern Wei Dynasty (533-544 AD), it is a comprehensive agricultural work written by Jia Sixian, an outstanding Chinese agronomist during the Northern Wei Dynasty and the Song to Liang dynasties of the Southern Dynasties, and is also one of the earliest monographs in the history of agriculture in the world, and is the earliest complete agricultural book in China.

Building the French style: a book published in the second year of Song Chongning (1103), the author is Li Jie, which is compiled by Li Jie, on the basis of the "Book of Wood" by Yu Hao, a craftsman in Zhejiang and Zhejiang. It is a standard book for architectural design and construction officially promulgated by the Northern Song Dynasty.

This is the most complete book on building technology in ancient China.

Shennong's Materia Medica: The earliest existing works of traditional Chinese medicine originated from Shennong's, passed down by word of mouth from generation to generation, assembled and sorted out into a book in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the book was not a time, the author was not a person, many medical scientists in the Qin and Han dynasties collected, summarized, and sorted out the monographs of the experience and achievements of pharmacology at that time, which was the first systematic summary of Chinese traditional Chinese medicine.

Mind-Setting: A Masterpiece of Ancient Chinese Strategy. From practical psychology, we have extracted a wealth of the concept of "heart", explained it with detailed cases, and helped you grasp the psychology of the other party in dealing with people and doing things in communication, and dismantle and conquer the other party through various means.

Tiangong Kaiwu: First published in 1637 (the tenth year of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty), it consists of three volumes and eighteen articles, and the whole book includes agriculture and handicrafts, such as machinery, bricks and tiles, ceramics, sulfur, candles, paper, weapons, gunpowder, textiles, dyeing, salt making, coal mining, oil extraction and other production technologies.

Foreign Matter Chronicles: A kind of classics in the Han and Tang dynasties that specifically record the new foreign properties of the surrounding areas and countries. It was produced in the late Han Dynasty, flourished in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, began to decay in the Tang Dynasty, and died out after the Song Dynasty.

Encyclopedia of Agricultural Administration: A book on agricultural management and agricultural technology. Written during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, it basically covers all aspects of agricultural production and people's lives in the Ming Dynasty, and there is a basic idea running through it, that is, Xu Guangqi's "agricultural administration" thought of governing the country and the people.

Sun Tzu's Art of War: The earliest surviving military book in China and the world's earliest military work, Yongle Canon: Compiled in the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, the first assistant of the cabinet Xie Jin edited a collection of Chinese classics.

Illustrated by weapons: written by Bi Maokang [Ming Dynasty], printed in the eighth year of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty (1635 AD), this book lists all kinds of firearms, ** at the same time, describing the manufacture, use and power of weapons.

The Book of Controlling People: It is the Emperor of Heaven during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, and the first assistant of the cabinet Zhang Juzheng (personnel management) works, the whole book is divided into eight volumes, such as "Controlling Officials", "Controlling Talents", "Controlling Scholars", "Controlling Loyalty", "Controlling Treachery", "Controlling Wisdom", "Controlling Foolishness", "Controlling Heart" and so on. Different approaches are taken for different people.

Water Injection Sutra: Ancient Chinese Geography Masterpieces, a total of 40 volumes. The author is Li Daoyuan in the late Northern Wei Dynasty.

Written by Shen Kuo (1031-1095), a scientist and politician of the Northern Song Dynasty, Mengxi Essays is a comprehensive notebook on natural science, technology, and social and historical phenomena in ancient China.

The names of the ten arithmetic books of Song Yingxing in the Ming Dynasty are: "Zhou Ji Sutra", "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic", "Island Sutra", "Five Cao Sutra", "Sun Tzu Sutra", "Xiahou Yang Sutra", "Zhang Qiu Jian Sutra", "Five Classics Arithmetic", "Ancient Arithmetic", and "Fixation".

Qi Min Yao Shu "Northern Wei Dynasty - Jia Sixian.

Song-Shen Kuo "Dream Creek Writings".

Qi Min Yao Shu "Northern Wei Dynasty - Jia Sixian.

"Heavenly Creation" Ming-Song Yingxing "Heavenly Creation".

Compendium of Materia Medica" Ming-Li Shizhen "Compendium of Materia Medica".

Shennong's Materia Medica is the earliest existing pharmacological monograph in China.

In addition, there are "Examination Records", "Gander Star Scripture", "Water Scripture Note", "Yugong Regional Map", "Agricultural Administration Book" and "Xu Xiake Travels".

Papermaking, printing, gunpowder, compass.

The time is recorded.