Historical stories, suitable for reading notes.

Jiangyin 81st.

Jiangyin 81 refers to the struggle of the people of Jiangyin in the summer of 1645 to resist the order to shave their hair, under the leadership of Yan Yingyuan, a warden of Jiangyin, and others. Because it is as long as 81 days before and after, it is called "Jiangyin 81 days". The heroic deeds of the Jiangyin people who resisted the Qing army represented by the three princes of Jiangyin against the Qing Dynasty, and almost all the strategies that could be used in the 36 strategies were used:

Fraudulent surrender, stealing camps, fire attacks, nailing cannon holes, straw men borrowing arrows, pretending to be gods, small groups attacking, and climbing Chu Ge ......Everything is done to the extreme, and all of them are full of creative light. The most heroic is to send the white-haired old man out of the city to fake surrender, hide the gunpowder at the bottom of the wooden barrel where the silver is placed, and when the Qing army rises and surrenders, the fire cracks, and the Qing army kills more than 3,000 people on the spot, including a prince and two generals, and the Qing army hangs filial piety for the three armies. At the same time, the mournful cannon sound also sounded at the head of Jiangyin City, which was to mourn the fathers and villagers who died generously, .......

The Qing army lost three princes and eighteen generals; The Qing army of 240,000 soldiers besieged the city with more than 200 cannons, and lost more than 75,000 soldiers in total. On the Jiangyin side, the city was defended for 81 days, with more than 97,000 dead inside the city and more than 75,000 dead and wounded outside the city.

The rot and white bones are all over the field, and the lonely city of ten thousand deaths is not willing to surrender.

Message to passers-by to cover their noses, the living are not as fragrant as the dead. —Jiangyin women's question.

Reference notes. Today, when we read "The Records of Yan Dian", we have to marvel at Yan Yingyuan's outstanding military genius, but it is a pity that history only provides him with such a small stage. No hero can do without the stage that created him, and at the same time, how many geniuses are unknown because they don't have their own stage, and they are deeply annihilated in the dry history.

The stage under Yan Yingyuan's feet was too cramped, and there was no room for even a flash. Jiangyin City, the land of projectiles, is a war with a huge disparity in strength and cannot be won at all, and the tragic ending is irreversible. But sometimes the ending is not important, what matters is the process towards the ending.

Yan Yingyuan's genius lies in the fact that he has unbridled the little strength he has to the extreme, how much resistance and shouting, how much strategy and blood, how many heroic tears and children's love, and every step towards the end is performed in a strange and brilliant way, which makes people's hearts shake and feel incredible. In this way, when the final ending came, it was only the ruined Jiangyin City Tower that collapsed, and what stood proudly was a statue of a tragic hero.

If your goal in the future is to do research, we recommend that you take the following steps:

The first step is to write down the core ideas of the book, the conclusive things. Although many teachers do not approve of reading a book and memorizing only one conclusion, when reading a book, the conclusion happens to be the essence and theme of the whole book, and if you can't grasp these after reading a book, you will read the book in vain.

The second step is to remember the references cited by the author, mainly of which you do not know. To put it bluntly, it is a historical material, which is called the document tracking method. Lay a good foundation for your own research in the future.

The third step is to remember the instructive and worthwhile argumentation process. Other people's argument ideas, which are very incisive and worth learning, must be written down.

The fourth step is to write down your own thoughts, including your evaluation of the book, your own doubts, doubts about the author's point of view, and so on. Reading requires skepticism. The advantage is to accumulate topics for future research.

If you can do the above four steps well, you will definitely read a book well and thoroughly. This is also my experience. It is recommended that the above four steps be written in different books, preferably loose-leaf books.

It is convenient to replenish, insert and improve at any time. If it's just to pass the time, it's good to do the first step.

Take notes according to your study habits, and if you like to memorize events in chronological order; If you like to learn history in a regional way, use regional changes to record it; If you like characters, do it with them.

Nan bit fan.

There are three ways to write the reading notes of the ancients: "Hook Xuan", "Picking Flowers and Making Honey", and "Opening Mountains and Casting Copper".

Summary hook Xuan: Han Yu, a famous writer in the Tang Dynasty, said in "The Explanation of Study" that he wrote reading notes, saying: "Those who write things must mention their essentials, and those who compile words must hook their mysteries."

He reads history books and writes down important events. He reads philosophical books and extracts the main arguments. Several of Han Yu's reading notes are still preserved in his collection.

There is a Ming Mo "Reading the Crown". Below, see how he wrote the synopsis of Hook Xuan's reading notes. "Crown" has nine articles out of ten, and its words are mixed with yellow old criminal names.

In his "Selected Chapters", the "four ji" and "five to" are said. When others meet, they will help them and give it to the country, and the merit will be less! It is said that "those who are born in uselessness, lose boats in the middle, and have a pot of gold", Yu San read his words and was sad.

The text is fallacious, and there are five characters for thirty, three for B, two for twenty for the extinct, and two for note ten.

In this article, we will see how the summary reading notes are written. It's not about jotting down the main points of a book. Make a note of how many articles there are in the book and what the content is about.

Then write down what the main points are, and also write your opinion on those points, and write your own opinions. He also extracted the wonderful words in it, expressed his own opinion, and finally mentioned correcting the mistakes in the Chinese characters of the book. Judging from the "three readings and sadness", the word "three" is imaginary, indicating repeated reading.

It can be seen that if Han Yu encounters the wonderful words, he will not read it even if he has seen it, but will read it repeatedly. This is the reading notes of the summary written by Han Yu. It does contain important points, but also write about your thoughts on those points, including expressing your feelings.

Fan Qin also gave a general explanation of the contents of the book. Then not only read a book, but also think about it after reading, from the content of the whole book to the wonderful chapters, to the wonderful words, until you don't let go of the typos in the book. From here, we can learn not only how to write a summary of the reading notes, but also how to read the book.