What are the formats of hard drives? What is the difference between them?

The two formats of hard disks are fat32 and ntfsfat32 and ntfs Before the introduction of the FAT32 file system, the file system commonly used by PCs was FAT16. Systems such as MS-DOS-based and WIN 95 all use FAT16 file system. Under Win 9X, FAT16 supports partitions up to 2GB.

We know that computers keep information in areas called "clusters" on hard disks. The smaller the cluster used, the more efficient it is to hold information. In the case of FAT16, the larger the partition, the larger the cluster, the lower the storage efficiency, which will inevitably cause a waste of storage space.

And with the continuous improvement of computer hardware and applications, the FAT16 file system can no longer adapt well to the requirements of the system. In this case, an enhanced file system, FAT32, was introduced. Compared with FAT16, FAT32 has the following characteristics:

1.Compared with the FAT16, the biggest advantage of the FAT32 is that it can support a disk size of up to 2TB (2047GB), but it cannot support partitions smaller than 512MB. Win 32 based on FAT2000

It can support partitions up to 32GB; Whereas, FAT16-based WIN 2000 supports partitions up to 4GB. 2.Thanks to the smaller clusters, the FAT32 file system can store information more efficiently.

For example, if the size of two partitions is 2GB, one partition uses the FAT16 file system and the other partition uses the FAT32 file system. The cluster size of the FAT16 partition is 32 KB, while the cluster of the FAT32 partition is only 4 KB in size. In this way, the storage efficiency of FAT32 is much higher than that of FAT16, which can usually be increased by 15%.

3.The fat32 file system can be relocated to the root directory.

and a backup copy of the FAT. In addition, the boot record of the FAT32 partition is contained in a structure containing critical data, reducing the possibility of computer system crashes. NTFS file system.

NTFS file system is a security-based file system, which is a unique file system structure adopted by Windows NT, which is an advanced file system based on protecting files and directory data, while saving storage resources and reducing disk footprint. The widely used Windows NT uses the NTFS file system, and I believe that the strong system security it brings must have left a deep impression on the majority of users. Windows 2000 uses a newer version of NTFS file system?

NTFS is a system that allows users to operate and manage their computers as easily and quickly as Windows 9x, while also enjoying the security of NTFS.

NTFS for XP and FAT for 2000

FAT32 and NTF Personally, FAT32 is more suitable for our XP system, and the 2000 system has been temporarily phased out.

There are two common ones: FAT and NTFS. As for which one to use XP and 2000, according to your own needs, but the versatility of FAT is better. You can set the C drive to NTFS and the De drive to FAT

fat32 ntfs exfat

NTFS is the best, you can put more than 4G or more files on a disk in this format.

It is a widely used hard disk partition format since DOS, Windows, and is a traditional 16-bit file system. It has excellent compatibility, and all versions of DOS, Windows, Windows NT, and other operating systems support FAT16. It is relatively fast and consumes less CPU resources, so it is still a common partition format for all kinds of machine hard drives.

However, the traditional FAT16 does not support long file names, which are limited by 8 3, that is, 8 characters of file names plus 3 character extensions. The maximum size of a single partition is 2GB, and the maximum capacity of a single hard disk generally cannot exceed 8GB, so if the capacity of the hard disk exceeds 8GB, the space above 8GB will be wasted because it cannot be used. When the partition size is 2GB, the size of a single "cluster" (the smallest unit of disk capacity) is 16KB, and when the number of files is huge, a lot of unusable space is left in vain.

The maximum capacity of a single hard disk reaches 2TB (1TB = 1024GB), which provides convenience for users of a large number of hard disks. It supports long file names and runs all versions of DOS and Windows 95 2000 well, but the system overhead is greater than that of FAT16. The security of this file system is still poor; FAT32 is FAT16 compatible, but the NTFS partition cannot be accessed.

NTFS automatically records changes to files, has file repair capabilities, and does not need to run disk utilities such as disk defragmentation. The system is not prone to crashes, and errors can be fixed quickly. With only 512 bytes per cluster, the drive is the most utilized.

Its main disadvantage is that it is due to its high barriers, which leads to poor compatibility. NTFS of Windows NT can access the FAT file system, but reverse access will be closed, for example, under DOS, the system will display "Invalid Drive Specification". In Windows NT, the one-way conversion function from FAT to NTFS is provided; In the latest, Windows 2000 with the NT kernel, the ability to convert FAT to NTFS or FAFAT32 is provided.

The hard disks on the current market are mainly divided into three types: mechanical hard drives, solid state drives, and hybrid hard drives, which are as follows:

1. Mechanical hard disk is the most common and widespread computer storage device, which is composed of mechanical hardware such as disk, head, head controller, disk motor, serial interface, etc.

The advantages are large storage space, mature technology, low technology, can be rewritten many times, long service life, and the data deleted by misoperation can be recovered; The disadvantages are slow read and write speed, high power consumption, high heat generation, noise, and poor shock resistance.

2. The solid-state disk is composed of an electronic memory chip control unit and a storage unit, and there is no mechanical movement in the process of reading and writing data.

The advantages are fast data read and write speed, strong shock resistance, low power consumption, no noise, and light weight; The disadvantage is that the storage capacity is small, high, and unrecoverable after data loss.

3. Hybrid hard disk is a new type of hard disk, which can not only read and write as quickly as a solid-state drive, but also store massive data like a mechanical hard disk.

The advantage is that it is both fast and cheap; The disadvantage is that the structure is complex and not practical.