What are the types of roadbed and pavement engineering materials?

According to China's stone standards, all kinds of rocks can be divided into four grades according to their main physical-mechanical properties (compressive strength and abrasion rate in a saturated state): Grade 1 - the strongest rock;

Level 2 – Strong Rock;

Grade 3 – Moderately strong rock;

Level 4 – Softer rock. Technical classification of stone According to the different technical requirements of highway engineering for rocks with different composition structures, rocks in nature can be divided into four categories: Magmatic rocks:

granite, syenite, gabbro, diabase, diorite, peridotite, basalt, andesite, rhyolite, etc.; Limestone: limestone, dolomite, marl, tuff rock, etc.; Sandstone and schist: quartzite, sandstone, gneiss, granite gneiss, etc.

Sparkling stones.

1 Sand and gravel material.

Sand and gravel materials refer to artificially mined rocks or granular crushed stones obtained by rolling, as well as materials that are naturally weathered into loose granular rocks in the surface layer of the earth's crust.

This type of material is the most widely used in road and bridge engineering structures. Among them, the block stone with larger size can be directly used to build masonry roads, bridge engineering structures and ancillary structures after processing; Rolled crushed stone with stable performance can be made into asphalt mixture or cement concrete.

2 Industrial waste residue.

Industrial waste slag is a general term for iron slag, steel slag and slag used as road construction materials. It mainly includes waste slag fly ash discharged from thermal power plants, by-products of metallurgical slag formed by the combination of fusible silicates in ores, fuels and co-solvents in the metallurgical production process, and waste slag coal gangue left after the coal industry selects coal. After processing, fly ash and metallurgical slag can be used as cement raw materials, pavement base materials, and can also be used as admixtures in cement concrete and asphalt mixtures.

3 Inorganic binders.

The most commonly used inorganic binders in road and bridge engineering are mainly lime and cement. Cement is the main material of cement concrete, prestressed concrete structures and cement concrete pavement in bridge construction. Inorganic binder stabilizing materials (including stabilized gravel, gravel, soil, etc.) are widely used in road pavement base structures, and cement (or cement, lime) mortar is an important binder for the masonry of various bridge masonry structures.

4 Organic binders.

Organic binders mainly refer to asphalt materials, such as petroleum asphalt, coal asphalt, etc. This kind of material and different particle size (size) of gravel, stone chips, sand and other asphalt mixture, can be built into various types of asphalt pavement. Asphalt mixture is an extremely important material in modern pavement construction.

5 Dirt. Soil is a material on the surface of the earth's crust, which is any loose material of uncemented particles of different sizes formed in the process of long-term weathering, transportation, abrasion, and sedimentation. Soil can be used not only as a roadbed material, but also as the main material for inorganic binder stabilization base.

6 Polymers.

Polymers refer to polymers formed by the polymerization of one or several low-molecular-weight compounds (monomers). Polymers commonly used in road and bridge engineering include plastics, rubbers and fibers. With the development of China's chemical industry and high-grade highways, more and more polymers are used in road and bridge projects.

Engineering polymers are mainly used in road and bridge engineering to improve the properties of asphalt mixtures or cement concrete, and the structural properties of roadbeds or pavements.

7 Steel and wood.

Steel is an important material for bridge steel structures and reinforced concrete or prestressed reinforced concrete structures. This course focuses on the technical properties and applications of linear steels. Due to the shortage of timber resources, except for emergency repair works and temporary works in forest areas, timber is rarely used for the construction of bridges and culverts, and is mainly used as formwork and support for cement concrete projects.

Category: Soil Name, Strength Coefficient (F) Excavation Method: Loose Soil, Coarse and Fine Sand, Humus, Planting Soil, Light and Various Colors of Sand Clay, Sand and Stones, Loose Clay with Little Moisture, Peaty Soil with Roots or Shrub Roots with a Diameter of 3cm or Less.

Dig with a shovel, pedal to the end of the loose soil, ordinary soil moisture of various colors of clay, dense of various colors of sand clay, dry loess, containing a diameter of more than 3cm trembling roots or shrub roots peat large, gravel and soil part with a pickaxe to loosen, and then with a spade digging, with a shovel, need to pedal several times to dig hard soil of various colors of hard clay, large stones and soil, large pebbles, dense hard loess, all kinds of weathered sand.

You have to use a pickaxe before you can use a shovel.

Category: Rock name: Drilling hole 1m, time required, blasting per m3, required blasthole length (m), strength coefficient (f), excavation method, wet rock drilling, straight alloy drill bit (net eggplant bending drill min), wet rock drilling, ordinary quenching.

Drill bit (net drill min) double drilling (Gong Roll Zen day) trench tunnel guide pit soft stone all kinds of turquoise, cemented conglomerate, weathered shale, more solid marl, boulder, soft limestone with voids and many joints -7 within the inner part of the excavation with a crowbar or pickaxe and sledgehammer, part of the excavation of sub-hard stone shale, sandstone, limestone, quartzite by blasting method.

Solid marl, weathered basalt.

Weathered dolomite.

Soft basalt, gneiss.

and syenite, breccia granite within 15 7 excavate solid dolomite, hard basalt, blue-white and dense limestone, marble, diorite, solid limestone, coarse-grained granite, coarse-grained syenite, extra-solid limestone 15 or more than 20 or more to excavate by blasting method.

Appendix J on page 133 of the Code for Geological Survey of Highway Engineering (Changzi JTG C20-2011), soil and stone engineering classification, soil and stone classification is divided into six categories: loose soil, ordinary soil, hard soil, soft stone, sub-hard stone and hard stone. This classification is mainly used in geological surveys** and in the grading of soil and rock, quotas or list pricing in survey reports. Resistant to sheds.

You may see the stone every day, but you don't care about it. Can all these common rocks be used in road works? What are the requirements for stone in road engineering?

It can be roughly divided into three main categories: magmatic rocks, sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rocks.

Common magmatic rocks are: granite, basalt (up to megapascal intensity).

Common sedimentary rocks are: limestone (compressive strength between 60 and 150 MPa).

Common metamorphic rocks are: gneiss (in megapascals).

So can all these common rocks be used in road engineering? What are the requirements for stone in road engineering?

According to the different technical requirements of highway engineering for rocks with different compositions, rocks in nature can be divided into four categories:

Magmatic rocks: granite, syenite, gabbro, diabase, diorite, peridotite, basalt, andesite, rhyolite;

Limestone: limestone, dolomite, marl, tuff rock;

Sandstone and schist: quartzite, sandstone, gneiss, granite gneiss;

Gravel: pebbles;

According to China's road stone standards, all kinds of rocks can be divided into four grades according to their main physical --- mechanical properties (compressive strength and abrasion rate in a saturated state).

Grade 1 --- the hardest rocks (basalt, diabase).

Grade 2--- hard rock (granite, gneiss).

Grade 3--- moderately hard rock (quartzite, pebbles).

Grade 4--- softer rock (limestone).

Provided by Woli sand making machine manufacturer, I hope it will help you)

Generally speaking, there are certain requirements for the strength, particle size and gradation of the stone.