How to fertilize the soil, how to fertilize the paddy field?

Due to the different parent materials of formation and development, paddy soils have different environmental conditions, different farming histories, and different fertility levels. If the groundwater level is too high, the soil is cold, and the effective nutrients cannot be released; Some soil layers are shallow, leaking water and fertilizer; Some are harmed by salinity, which is not conducive to the growth and development of rice. These obstacles have a direct impact on the increase of rice yield.

In particular, rice yields are much more dependent on soil fertility than other cereal crops. Therefore, the transformation of low- and medium-yield fields and the cultivation of soil fertility are important links to ensure stable and high yield of rice and a balanced increase in yield in a large area. Here's how:

1) Increase the application of organic fertilizer. The application of organic fertilizer can directly provide a variety of rich nutrients for rice, and can produce humification through microbial decomposition, synthesize soil humus, improve soil physical and chemical properties and structure, increase the quantity and quality of soil colloids, and improve soil fertilizer and water retention capacity. At the same time, it can also activate some delayed phosphorus and potassium elements in the soil and produce physiologically active substances useful for rice growth.

Generally, agricultural fertilizer is increased, and the straw is chopped and returned directly to the field or returned to the field in a circle. In the white leaf blight epidemic area, the straw can be mixed with human and animal manure and urine and then brewed at high temperature, and the fungus source can be eliminated and returned to the field.

2) Turn over the green manure. Green manure is rich in organic matter and various nutrients, and the branches and leaves of green plants are easy to decompose, with fast fertilizer and high fertilizer efficiency. So it's a good source of fertilizer.

In areas with a long frost-free period, green manure can be planted and straw from the previous crop can be directly turned. It can also be stocked with locust leaf weeds (fine green weeds). 1000 kilograms of fresh pingweed, about 10 kilograms of ammonium sulfate fertilizer efficiency, and also improve the soil, increase organic matter.

In addition, rice farmers in mountainous areas can make use of wild resources to cut green manure, which should be widely promoted.

3) Deep ploughing. Deep tillage combined with organic fertilizer application is an important technical measure for cultivating fertile paddy soil. It thickens the tillage layer, improves soil structure and tillage, promotes microbial activity, and promotes soil maturation.

Deep ploughing can break the compact bottom layer of the plough, increase soil permeability, and improve soil water, air and heat conditions. The fertility factors of each soil layer were exchanged and strengthened, which expanded the absorption range of rice roots and laid a good foundation for the growth of rice shoots.

4) Drainage improvement. In areas with high groundwater level, such as flat fertile waterlogged depressions or mountain valleys, the soil is affected by diving impregnation all year round, showing a strong reducing state, and the texture is clayey, the normal biological cycle of the soil is blocked, and the potential fertility can not be exerted, which has a series of adverse effects on the growth and development of rice. Therefore, ditching drainage, increasing ground temperature, and increasing permeability can be completely transformed.

5) Guest earth pressing sand. For the rice field in the sandy land with water leakage and fertilizer leakage, in addition to the above measures, the method of soil pressing can be adopted, and the clay, loess, river silt and other improvements can be adopted.

1. Broaden the source of fertilizer and increase the application of organic fertilizer, especially farmhouse fertilizer, including human, livestock, poultry manure and plant ash.

Wait; 2. Vigorously develop leguminous crops and green manure crops to increase the nitrogen and organic matter content in the soil;

3. Advocate returning straw to the field, or use straw to pad pig pens and cattle pens, and then accumulate fertilizer after decay;

Fourth, the use of clean biogas slurry and biogas residue, river sludge and domestic garbage.

and so on to improve soil quality;

5. Acidic soil should be neutralized with lime;

6. Properly control the amount of chemical fertilizer, and the chemical fertilizer used should be compound fertilizer. Mainly.

The environmental conditions and farming history of rice field formation and development are different, and the fertility level is also different, and these factors directly affect the yield of rice. Therefore, soil fertility is an important part of high and stable rice yield. Specific methods include:

1) Increase the application of organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer can provide abundant nutrients for rice, and can synthesize soil humus through microbial decomposition and humification, improve the physical and chemical properties, structure and quality of soil, and improve soil fertilizer and water retention capacity.

2) Deep ploughing. Deep tillage can thicken the tillage layer, improve soil structure and arableability, promote microbial activity, and promote soil maturation. At the same time, it can break the compact bottom layer of the plough, increase soil permeability, improve the water, air and heat conditions, strengthen the mutual exchange of materials between various soil layers, and expand the absorption range of rice roots.

3) Improved drainage. In areas with high groundwater levels, such as mountain valleys and waterlogged depressions, the soil has been impregnated by diving, the soil texture is heavy, its normal biological circulation is inhibited, and the potential fertility cannot be exerted.

4) Conversion of guest land to sand. For the long-term water leakage and fertilizer leakage of sandy land paddy field, the method of guest soil to sand can also be used to improve with clay, loess, river pond silt, etc.

In order to improve the planting efficiency of crops and realize the sustainable development of land, we should attach great importance to the fertilization of cultivated land in agricultural production

1. Expand fertilizer sources and increase organic fertilizer, especially farmhouse fertilizer, including human, livestock, poultry manure and plant ash;

2. Vigorously develop leguminous crops and green manure crops to increase the nitrogen and organic matter content in the soil;

3. Advocate returning straw to the field, or use straw to pad pig pens and cattle pens, and then accumulate fertilizer after decay;

Fourth, the use of clean biogas slurry and biogas residue, river sludge and domestic garbage to improve soil quality;

5. Acidic soil should be neutralized with lime;

The improvement of soil fertility should be considered from several aspects. First of all, it is necessary to improve the quality of the soil, turn the soil several times, and carefully remove sand, stones, and rubble from the soil. It is best to choose loam, if it is sandy soil, water and fertilizer are easy to lose, you should try to add loam and organic fertilizer to it, and add humus.

To determine the acidity and alkalinity of the soil, if the soil is more acidic, burn the straw and leaves of the plant into ash and add it to the soil, which can increase the phosphorus fertilizer in the soil. All the minerals that plants need are found in plant ash.

If the soil is too acidic, you can also add a little lime. When the eggshell is crushed, it can increase the calcium content of the soil. Cinnamon powder can improve the plant's disease resistance and prevent mold growth.

Banana peel powder increases the sulfur, magnesium, calcium, potassium, sodium and phosphate of the soil, which is conducive to the reproduction of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, and is conducive to the drainage of the soil and the growth of earthworms.

Animal manure is a valuable organic fertilizer, especially pig manure, which can significantly increase the nitrogen content of the soil. Mulching prevents the growth of weeds, eliminates the use of herbicides and protects the fertility of the soil. Mulching with leaves, straw stalks, and wood chips is also a good idea.

1.Increase the application of organic fertilizer:

The application of agricultural fertilizers with high organic matter content, such as human manure, animal manure, urine and compost, compost, green manure, can improve and maintain the content of organic fertilizer in the soil. In places where conditions permit, a large amount of fertilizer (river mud, peat, etc.) can be applied, which has a significant effect on improving the content of soil organic matter.

2.Straw returning:

Straw returning is an effective measure to improve soil and increase soil productivity. First, the straw is poured into the soil after composting. Second, after the crops are harvested, the crop straw is chopped, sprinkled on the ground with a plow, and returned directly to the field.

In this way, the physical properties of the soil can be improved, the formation of soil aggregate structure can be promoted, and the air permeability, water permeability and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil can be improved, thereby improving soil fertility.

3.Rational crop rotation:

Reasonable crop rotation is the cultivation method of land cultivation, pay attention to two points in the rotation: one is to appropriately increase the planting area of leguminous crops, in the rotation process about four years to plant a legume crop can increase the nitrogen content in the soil, at the same time, leguminous green manure crops after turning into the soil, a large number of roots, stems, leaves can increase soil organic matter, improve soil physical and chemical properties, improve soil fertility;

Second, the planting of land-consuming crops should be controlled for many years, such as sugar beet should be rotated once every seven years, sunflowers should be rotated once every four years, and beans and melon crops should not be heavy and not stubble, and should be rotated for more than five years, which is conducive to restoring soil fertility and preventing and controlling diseases.

4.Planting grass and fertilizing the field:

Vigorously advocate the planting of leguminous forage grasses, improve soil fertility, and improve economic benefits. At present, forage grasses such as wood rhinoceros and alfalfa can be planted to improve soil fertility and increase soil productivity.

5.Rationally adjust the proportion of agricultural, forestry and pastoral land

The development and restoration of forestry is a favorable measure to balance the ecology, improve climatic conditions, and turn a vicious circle into a virtuous circle. Rational animal husbandry development can provide a large amount of organic matter for the soil, which is a direct measure to fertilize the soil and improve crop yields.