What books are included in the Hundred Schools of Thought?

Zhuzi Baijia is a general term for various academic schools in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, according to the records of the "Hanshu Art and Literature Chronicles", there are a total of 189 schools and 4,324 works that can be counted. Later books such as "Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi" and "Siku Quanshu General Catalogue" recorded that there were thousands of "Hundred Schools of Thought". However, there are only a few dozen of them that are widely circulated, have great influence, and are the most famous.

In general, only 10 schools have been developed into schools. The most widespread among the hundred schools of thought are Legalism, Taoism, Moism, Confucianism, Yin and Yang, Famous Families, Miscellaneous Families, Farmers, ** Families, and Vertical and Horizontal Families. The Han nationality has created splendid culture and art in ancient times, with distinctive characteristics.

The Han nationality has a history of more than 5,000 years and is extremely rich in cultural classics. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the achievements of various schools of thought and scholarship reflected the ancient Greek civilization of the same period; The three major philosophical systems represented by Confucius, Laozi and Mozi have formed a prosperous situation in which hundreds of schools of thought contend. By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the policy of "deposing the hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone" was implemented, and after several twists and turns, Confucianism represented by Confucius and Mencius was fully ascended to the throne during the Song Dynasty; At the same time, it affects other ethnic minorities to varying degrees, even in countries adjacent to China.

Representative figures of Confucianism: Confucius, Mencius, Xunzi. Works: "Analects", "Mencius", "Xunzi".

Taoist representatives: Lao Tzu, Zhuangzi, Shen Dao, Yang Zhu. Works: "Tao Te Ching", "Zhuangzi", "Four Classics of the Yellow Emperor", etc.

Representative of Mohists: Mozi. Works: Mozi

Representative figures of Legalism: Han Fei, Li Si, Shang Ying. Works: "Han Feizi".

Famous representatives: Deng Xi, Hui Shi, Gongsun Long and Huan Tuan. Works: "Gongsun Longzi".

Representative of the Yin and Yang Family: Zou Yan.

Representatives of the Zongheng family: Su Qin, Zhang Yi. Founder: Guiguzi. The main remarks were transmitted in the "Warring States Policy".

Miscellaneous representatives: Lü Buwei.

The peasant family was one of the important schools of thought during the Warring States period. The chapters on Shang Nong, Ren Di, Debate of the Land, and Judgment of Time in the Spring and Autumn Period of the Lü Family are considered to be important materials for the study of pre-Qin farmers.

**Home, one of the ten families of the nine streams of the pre-Qin Dynasty, is to collect folklore and discuss in order to investigate the folk customs. "Hanshu Art and Cultural Chronicles" cloud: "** The flow of the family is covered by the barnyard officials. The gossip of the streets, the creation of hearsay. ”

The focus of the military is to guide the war, and how to use force when it is necessary to use force to achieve the goal. The founder is Sun Wu, and the soldiers are divided into four categories: military power strategists, military situation strategists, military yin and yang experts, and military technicians.

The main representatives of the military family, in the late Spring and Autumn Period, there were Sun Wu and Sima Sui Tho; The Warring States period had Sun Bin, Wu Qi, Wei Yi, Wei Wuji, Bai Qi, etc. Today's surviving military works include "The Yellow Emperor's Yin Fu Jing", "Liutao", "Three Strategies", "Sun Tzu's Art of War", "Sima Law", "Sun Bin Art of War", "Wu Zi", "Wei Xuanzi" and so on.

Representative of the doctor: Bian Que.

Fang Technician representatives, in ancient times there were Qi Bo, Yu Xuan, the Warring States had Bian Que, Qin He, and the early Han Dynasty had Cang Gong, among which Bian Que was the most famous.

Confucius", "Mencius", "Xunzi", "Tao Te Ching", "Zhuangzi", "Mozi", "Han Feizi", "Gongsun Longzi", "Warring States Policy", "Yellow Emperor Yin Fu Jing", "Liutao", "Three Strategies", "Sun Tzu's Art of War", "Sima Law", "Sun Bin Art of War", "Wu Zi", "Wei Xuanzi", "Jiang Yuan", "Hundred Battles", "Tang Taizong Li Weigong Asks Right", "Lü's Spring and Autumn".

Meaning: Zhuzi Baijia is a general term for various academic schools in the Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States Period, and the Qin and Han Dynasties, according to the records of the Hanshu Art and Literature Chronicles, there are a total of 189 schools and 4,324 works that can be named. Later books such as "Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi" and "Siku Quanshu General Catalogue" recorded that there were thousands of "Hundred Schools of Thought".

However, there are only a few dozen of them that are widely circulated, have great influence, and are the most famous. In general, only 12 schools have been developed into schools.

Historians talk about it:

Sima Qian of the Western Han Dynasty quoted Sima Tan (Sima Qian's father) on academic schools in his Historical Records, and Sima Tan summarized the schools since the pre-Qin period into six schools, namely: Yin and Yang School, Confucianism, Moism, Legalism, Famous School, and Taoism.

In the Book of Han, Bangu of the Eastern Han Dynasty summarized the schools since the pre-Qin Dynasty into ten schools, namely: Confucianism, Taoism, Yin and Yang School, Legalism, Famous Family, Mojia Family, Vertical and Horizontal Family, Miscellaneous Family, Peasant Family, and ** Family.

Lu Simian believes that the three strategies of "Shushu", "Fang Technique" and "Book of War" can also be called the sons of the pre-Qin Dynasty, which can be counted as twelve.

The reason for the dispersion of the hundreds of ancient books of Zhuzi: there is no religious apologetic speech, and there are proselytist remarks in the important scriptures of religion, such as those who slander the Rubber Sutra and question the scriptures go to hell, or those who slander the scriptures and religious gods will be disabled or poor in the next life, and the ancient books of Zhuzi do not have such remarks, and their sacredness is greatly reduced, which will also attract all kinds of criticism.