Information on tsunami in English, information about tsunami and introduction to tsunamis

1. Tsunamis are destructive waves generated by submarine **, volcanic eruptions, submarine landslides or meteorological changes, with a wave speed of up to 700 800 kilometers per hour, which can cross the ocean in a few hours; The wavelength can reach hundreds of kilometers and can travel thousands of kilometers with little energy loss; In the vast ocean, the wave height is less than one meter, but when it reaches the shallow water of the coast, the wavelength decreases and the wave height increases sharply, reaching tens of meters, forming a "wall of water" containing huge energy.

2. Tsunamis are mainly controlled by the topography of the seabed, the geometry of the coastline and the characteristics of the waves, and the roaring waves and ice walls are repeated every few minutes or dozens of minutes, destroying the embankment, flooding the land, and taking away life and property, with great destructive power. The global tsunami zone is roughly the same as the ** zone. There are about 260 destructive tsunamis recorded worldwide, an average of about 260.

It happens once every six or seven years. The tsunami that occurred in the Pacific Rim accounted for about 80% of Wang Xun. The Japanese archipelago and its nearby waters account for about 60% of the tsunami in the Pacific Ocean, and Japan is the country that has suffered the most from the tsunami in the world.

Tsunamis are formed by the strong disturbance of seawater caused by the rapid rise and fall of the seabed topography, and the factors that are easy to cause tsunamis are: **, volcanic eruptions, submarine landslides, etc.

1. The cause of the tsunami.

Tsunamis are huge waves caused by large-scale seafloor crustal movements, usually caused by geological activity such as **, volcanic eruptions, or landslides. When these geological disasters occur, the seafloor crust is displaced, causing the water to be disturbed and tsunami fluctuations to be formed.

2. Characteristics of tsunami propagation.

Tsunami fluctuations propagate quickly in the deep sea, reaching speeds of 600-800 kilometers per hour, and have longer wavelengths, which can reach tens to hundreds of kilometers. However, when the tsunami wave is close to the shallow coastal water, the wave crest gradually rises, the wave speed slows down, and the wavelength shortens due to the shallow water depth, resulting in a gradual increase in the amplitude of the wave.

3. The impact of tsunamis in different water depth areas.

Deep-sea zone: In the deep-sea zone, tsunami fluctuations caused by the displacement of the seafloor crust are mainly concentrated in the water layer above the sea surface. The amplitude of the movement of the sea water is relatively large, but due to the large water depth, the energy is gradually dispersed and the wave height gradually decreases.

Offshore zone: As tsunami fluctuations approach shallow coastal waters, fluctuations caused by seafloor crustal displacement begin to affect the water layers below the seafloor. In this case, as the water depth becomes shallower, the wave crest gradually rises, the wave speed slows down, and the wavelength becomes shorter, and the wave amplitude gradually increases, and the amplitude of the sea water movement reaches the maximum.

Shallow waters: When tsunami waves enter shallow waters, the crest of the wave rises further, the wave speed slows down, and the wavelength becomes shorter. As the wavelength becomes shorter, the wave energy is converted into a longitudinal vortex flow instead of a transverse wave.

As a result, the amplitude of movement of seawater in shallow waters is comparatively smaller.

Expand your knowledge: The speed and amplitude of tsunami wave propagation are related to water depth. In the deep-water buried area, the movement range of seawater is relatively large due to the large water depth. Whereas, in shallow water, due to the shallow water depth, the movement amplitude of the sea is less, but the vortex flow is stronger.

Tsunami warning systems can and warn of potential tsunamis by monitoring activity and data from seabed sensors. In the event of a tsunami threat, an alert will be issued in the relevant coastal area to remind residents to take appropriate protective measures.

The damage caused by tsunamis to coastal areas is often related to wave height, wave periodicity, and wave intrusion depth. The higher the wave height and the deeper the wave intrusion, the more destructive it is. Therefore, an accurate assessment of the impact of a tsunami on coastal areas needs to take into account the characteristics of tsunami fluctuations and the relevant marine and geological conditions.

In summary, the amplitude of sea water movement during a tsunami decreases in the range of several kilometers from the surface to the bottom of the sea. Because seawater is affected by factors such as water depth and topography during propagation, the wave height of tsunami fluctuations in the deep-sea region is relatively large.

The wave height reaches its maximum when approaching the shallow coastal waters, while it is smaller in the shallow waters. Accurately understanding the propagation characteristics of a tsunami is important for ** and mitigating the damage it can cause.