What is scientific knowledge and scientific thought in ancient Greece and Rome

The four great scientific achievements of ancient Greece and Rome were mathematics, medicine, physics, and law.

1. The achievement in mathematics is Thales's geometry, and Thales' epoch-making and significant contribution to mathematics was to introduce him.

The idea of propositional proof. It breaks the tradition of starting from experience in the past, and the knowledge begins to rise from experience to theory, which is a major leap in the history of mathematics, introduces logical proof in mathematics, gives mathematical propositions strong persuasiveness, and also makes mathematics constitute a rigorous scientific system, providing guidance for the later development of mathematics. At this time, the famous mathematician Euclid completed this great achievement, he compiled the encyclopedia of mathematics in ancient Greece, which is also his masterpiece, the Geometry Primitives, and it was only at this time that geometry was theorized and systematized for the first time.

He gradually made geometry an independent and complete discipline, and he promoted the progress of the history of human mathematics.

2. Medicine is "a great rational medical school represented by Hippocrates, which freed medicine from religious superstition, carried out medical research and medical behavior with a truly scientific attitude, systematized the previous medical knowledge of human beings, and put forward new concepts and theories, laying the foundation for European medicine."

3. In physics, the first person to conduct an in-depth and systematic study of physical phenomena was Aristotle, who made a systematic exploration and study of the time and space of the movement of objects, "He called all changes in objects motion, and mainly studied the movement of the spatial position of objects." Secondly, Archimedes made outstanding contributions to mechanics, not only his astonishing contributions to mathematics and mechanics, but also his method of scientific research that combined experiments and logical arguments, which was of epoch-making significance.

4. The earliest legal code, the Law of the Twelve Tables, the first official code of the Roman Empire, the Code of Theodosius, the Code of Estini was the first systematic and complete legal code in Europe, the Code of Estine, and later promulgated the Compendium of Doctrines and the Ladder of Jurisprudence, collectively known as the Civil Code of Justinian, which had a great impact on the development of jurisprudence in Europe and the United States.

The spirit of rationalism, the spirit of rationalism includes two aspects, the first is pure reason, which refers to the fact that people go beyond their own sensual desires and interests, and explore all kinds of abstract speculative problems without seeking utilitarian interests or disregarding gains and losses This kind of speculation is metaphysical metaphysics, and its motivation may be to pursue perfection and absoluteness, it may be out of creative impulse, and it may be to satisfy intellectual curiosity and curiosity.

Regarding the spirit of pure reason, the most typical is Euclid's geometry, his rigorous axiomatic system, from which the theorems are rigorously proved The tradition of ancient Greek scholars is that they discuss problems and never care about the use of them One of Euclid's students asked, "What is the use of studying geometry?" Euclid said

Give him 5 cents and let him! "Kick him out of the gate, it should be said that the spirit of ancient Greece is a spirit without utilitarianism.

Summary. Kiss, Expand: One of the sources of Western civilization in ancient Greece, it is a general term for the southern part of the ancient Balkan Peninsula, the islands of the Aegean Sea and the coast of Asia Minor.

Ancient Greece is the most important and direct source of Western civilization. The recorded literature, technology, and art in the West all began in ancient Greece. Ancient Greece was not a concept of a country, but a name for a region.

Ancient Greece is located in the southeastern part of Europe, the northeastern part of the Mediterranean Sea, including the Greek peninsula, the archipelago and islands of the Aegean and Ionian Seas, the southwestern coast of Turkey, the eastern coast of Italy, and the eastern <>coast of Sicily

The four major scientific achievements of ancient Greece and Rome were:

Kiss, the four major scientific achievements of ancient Greece and Rome are Ptolemy's creation of geocentrism, which ruled the European astronomical community for more than 1,400 years. Euclid created geometry, Hippocrates distinguished medical rock tremor from witchcraft, the earliest legal code, the "Twelve Bronze Tables", Archimedes discovered the principle of specific gravity, the principle of mechanical levers, oh <>

Kiss, Expand: Ancient Greece is one of the sources of Western civilization, which is a general term for the southern part of the ancient Balkan Peninsula, the islands of the Aegean Sea, and the coast of Asia Minor. Ancient Greece is the most important and direct source of Western civilization.

The recorded literature, technology, and art in the West all began with the ancient scum of pure Greece. Ancient Greece was not a concept of a country, but a name for a region. Ancient Greece is located in the southeastern part of Europe, the northeastern part of the Mediterranean, including the Greek peninsula, the archipelago and islands of the Aegean and Ionian Seas, the southwestern coast of Turkey, the eastern coast of Italy and the eastern coast <>of Sicily

Hello dear, the philosophical differences between ancient Greece and ancient Rome can be seen from the following aspects:1The status of establishing philosophy is different:

Ancient Greek philosophy is the beginning of Western philosophy, and it has a long history and has shown many thinkers and philosophical schools, emphasizing the importance of philosophy and the significance of human wisdom. Ancient Roman philosophy, on the other hand, was less developed than ancient Greek philosophy, and most of the philosophical ideas were formed after absorbing ancient Greek philosophy. The importance of ancient Roman philosophy lies primarily in its influence on the Western intellectual tradition.

2.Differences in worldviews: Ancient Greek philosophers were more concerned with the nature of nature, the universe, and human beings, emphasizing the logic of thinking and observing experiments, seeking a deeper philosophical understanding.

The ancient Roman philosophers paid more attention to ethics and political philosophy, and paid more attention to utilitarianism and utilitarianism, and their philosophy was more about social and political life. 3.Philosophical ideas are different:

The ancient Greek philosophers mainly include Plato, Aristotle and others, among which Plato paid attention to theoretical speculation and expounded his "theory of ideas"; Aristotle, on the other hand, advocated a more accurate philosophical understanding through experience and observation. Ancient Roman philosophers mainly included Seneca, Epiculus and others, whose ideas advocated seeking change and development in practice, and paying more attention to practicality and social value in ethical issues. 4.

The methods of philosophical research are different: ancient Greek philosophers valued speculation and reasoning, paid attention to logical thinking, and emphasized the normative and universal nature of philosophical methods. Ancient Roman philosophers, on the other hand, paid more attention to empirical and historical research, and applied practical principles to their philosophical thoughts.

The main features of ancient Greek science are as follows:

1. It is the first time in human history that a rational view of nature has been formed. The natural world is regarded as a whole independent of human beings, and it is believed that the natural world has laws and its laws can be recognized and grasped by people.

2. The isomorphism of man and god in ancient Greek mythology reflects the organic view of nature of the ancient Greek branch lineage, and its genealogy of gods reflects the characteristics of the logical thinking of the Greeks.

3. Pay attention to mathematical ideas. Thus mathematics began to become an independent mental activity.

4. Because the Greeks paid attention to rational thinking and had few practical activities, they only knew nature but did not conquer and dominate it.

The Lord is fierce and wants to achieve:

1. Astronomy: Produced the theory of the present wheel, ancient Copernicus.

2. Mathematics: Euclidean geometry, Apollonius conic curve theory, Archimedes became the peak.

3. Biological Medicine: Aristotle's theory of spontaneous generation, the father of medicine, Alcmand's precedent in Western anatomy and physiology, the Hippocratic oath and the four-liquid theory.

4. Physics: Aristotle's falling motion and forced motion, Archimedes' law of buoyancy, the principle of levers and the creation of geometric optics.

5. Engineering technology: Parthenon, Ionian, railway, transportation, water conservancy.

Significance: Laid the foundation for modern science, and it can be said that ancient Greece is a veritable birthplace of science. The ancient Greeks faced nature, rationally understood its laws, and paid attention to the grasp of the overall laws, so that natural science was the most enviable to theorize and systematize as soon as possible.

laid the foundation for modern science.