What was the role of the academy in ancient times?

The academy is an independent educational institution that appeared from the Tang and Song dynasties to the Ming and Qing dynasties, and is a place for private individuals or government governments to gather disciples to teach and study knowledge.

The academy began as a local educational organization, first appearing in the Tang Dynasty, and the formal education system was by Zhu Xi.

Founded and developed in the Song Dynasty. Originally, wealthy families and scholars raised funds to build school houses in secluded places in the mountains and forests, or buy school fields to collect rent, so as to supplement the funds. Later, the imperial court gave quotas, books, appointed instructors, allocated acres of land and funds, etc., and gradually became a local education organization with a semi-civilian and semi-official nature.

Yingtian Academy, ranked first among the four universities in ancient China, was known as the highest university in the Northern Song Dynasty, and was also the only academy in ancient times that was upgraded to "Guozijian".

Yuelu Academy, built in the Northern Song Dynasty Kaibao nine years, after the millennium experienced seven destruction and seven construction, this to today as an independent college of Hunan University, known as "the millennium school, the string song is endless", the academy is located in Changsha City, Hunan Province at the foot of Yuelu Mountain, so it is named, the representative figures are Wei Yuan, Zeng Guofan, Zuo Zongtang and so on.

Bailu Cave Academy, began in the Tang Dynasty, flourished in the Song Dynasty, along the Ming and Qing Dynasties, has a history of 1,000 years, left more than 1,000 poems, modern celebrity calligraphy and painting for more than 400 years, is the academy with the most preserved cultural relics, the representative figures are Zhu Xi, Li Bo, Lu Jiuyuan, etc., the academy is located in the southern foot of the five old peaks of Lushan Mountain, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province today.

Songyang Academy, began in the Northern Wei Dynasty Xiaowen Emperor, is the education place where celebrities of the past dynasties teach classics, in the heyday of the Ming and Qing dynasties, more than 1,000 acres of learning fields, hundreds of students, and more than 2,000 books.

The four major academies are Yuelu Academy, Bailudong Academy, Songyang Academy, and Yingtian Academy. Their role was to train higher education for the ancient dynasties, and to be a place for students to study.

Academies are a unique form of educational organization in ancient China. It is a non-governmental academic research and educational institution that is relatively independent of government and academies, and integrates book collection and proofreading, teaching and research. In the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, academies gradually developed into the most important form of comprehensive education and research organization in addition to government schools.

The existence of academy education has made up for the shortcomings of feudal government and filled the gaps in many academic and cultural research fields. The rich connotation of the educational tradition of the academy is a valuable historical asset of Chinese education.

Ancient seowon is a kind of educational organization and academic research institution founded or presided over by famous scholars. The academy began in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Song Dynasty, followed to the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, and existed in China's feudal society for more than 1,000 years, leaving a precious legacy for the history of ancient Chinese education.

The name of the academy first appeared in the Tang Dynasty, and it was originally a place for official book repair, school and book collection. According to research, in the sixth year of Tang Xuanzong Kaiyuan (718), Qianyuan Yuan was changed to Lizheng Xiu Academy, and the word "Academy" appeared in historical books. In the thirteenth year of Kaiyuan (725), Lizheng Xiu Academy was renamed Jixian Hall Academy, and the responsibility of the director of the academy was to "publish and compile ancient and modern scriptures to identify the great canons of the state and prepare consultants to deal with them", and also served as the emperor's attendant, "to question the historical books".

In addition, there were some private places for reading and lecturing in the Tang Dynasty, also known as academies, such as the Huangliao Academy built in Jishui County, Jiangxi, which was founded by Liu Qinglin, a general judge in the Tang Dynasty; The Songzhou Academy, built in Zhangzhou Prefecture, Fujian, was the "lecture office" of Chen Jue, the son of Chen Yuanguang, a Confucian general in the Tang Dynasty, and the Wutong Academy in Fengxin County, Jiangxi Province, was built as a ...... for Luo Jing and Luo Jian to teach

The popularity and prosperity of academies appeared in the early Song Dynasty. During the period of the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, due to years of war, the government and schools were abolished, and the education was maintained by private lectures, and the rulers of the early Song Dynasty were still busy with military conquest and had no time to take care of the establishment of schools and teaching, so the private lecture academies were further developed to form an educational institution with great influence and outstanding characteristics. The famous physicist Lu Zuqian in the Southern Song Dynasty wrote the "Records of the White Deer Cave Academy".

At the beginning of the country, the people of the new five seasons were out of luck, and the scholars were still widowed. The sea is peaceful, and the literary style is very old, and Confucian scholars often rely on the mountains and forests, that is, they are idle to teach, and there are as many as dozens of hundreds of people. Songyang, Yuelu, Suiyang and the cave are especially, and the so-called four academies in the world are also.

At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, there were many of the most famous academies, which generally developed from private seclusion to study in seclusion to buying land and building houses, gathering books and accepting apprentices, and engaging in lecture activities. Because the location of the academy was mostly in a secluded place in the mountains and forests, the person in charge of the academy, that is, the "dean" in the modern sense, was called "mountain chief", until the abolition of the imperial examination at the end of the Qing Dynasty, the academy was renamed the school, and the title of the mountain chief was abolished.

Characteristics of Ancient Academy Education:

1.The spirit of the college: Free lectures are the basic spirit of the college's teaching.

2.Functions of the Academy: The academy attaches great importance to the collection of books, attaches importance to cultivating talents, requires students to read Confucian classics, emphasizes morality and learning, and enters the hall with a frank and frank hall.

3.College organization: There are various forms such as private, public, and private assistance, and the presiding officer of the academy is called the head of the mountain or the owner of the cave.

4.College Teaching: Teaching activities are the main content of the College and the main task of the College as an educational institution.

5.Student Learning: The college emphasizes students' self-study and attaches great importance to the guidance of students' self-study.

6.The system of the academy: the most famous is the "Revelation of the White Deer Cave Academy", which made the bench and the school rules the general policy of the academy teaching, in addition, in the management of the fund system, the academy has been institutionalized.

7.Teacher-student relationship: The fine tradition of respecting teachers and loving students in Chinese education is particularly prominent in academies.

8.The development direction of the academy: from the Southern Song Dynasty, the academy has appeared a tendency to become official, and in the Ming and Qing dynasties, the control of the academy was strengthened, and the officialization became increasingly serious, and it gradually became a vassal of the imperial examination.

Zhangnan Academy. <>

White Deer Cave Academy. Hope!