Where are the Sixteen Prefectures of Youyun? Where are the Sixteen Prefectures of Youyun now?

Youyun Sixteen Prefectures, as the name suggests, is "Youzhou", which is equivalent to the current Beijing, Tianjin, northern Hebei and northern Shanxi, which is the boundary between the Central Plains Dynasty and the nomads.

The 16 states of Youyun include Yan (You), Ji, Ying, Mo, Zhuo, Tan, Shun, Yun, Confucian, Fu, Wu, Xin, Wei, Ying, Huan, Shuo, a total of 16 states. Among them, You, Ji, Ying, Mo, Zhuo, Tan, Shun and other seven prefectures are located in the southeast of the northern branch of Taihang Mountain, and the rest of Yun, Confucian, Fu, Wu, Xin, Wei, Ying, Huan, Shuo and other nine states are in the northwest of Taihang Mountain.

It has always been a battleground for soldiers, and the strategic location is very important.

During the period of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, the Sixteen Prefectures of Youyun originally belonged to Shi Jingjiao's Later Jin Dynasty, but in order to get the support of the Liao State, Shi Jingjiao gave the Sixteen Prefectures of Youyun to the Liao State, and in this way, the Sixteen Prefectures of Youyun began to be controlled by nomads.

When the Northern Song Dynasty was established, Zhao Kuangyin knew the strategic significance of the Sixteen Prefectures of Youyun, and the Liao State used the Sixteen Prefectures of Youyun as a springboard to launch an attack on the Northern Song Dynasty at any time, so Zhao Kuangyin wanted to recover the Sixteen Prefectures of Youyun very much but never had the opportunity.

During the period of Taizong of the Song Dynasty, Zhao Guangyi led his troops to march into Youzhou, and finally Zhao Guangyi was seriously injured and ended in a fiasco; During the reign of Song Zhenzong, he also tried to recover the sixteen states of Youyun, but in the end he was unsuccessful, and instead signed an alliance with the Liao State.

Later, the Song Dynasty united with the Jin State to attack the Liao State, and finally the Song Dynasty finally took Yanjing, Zhuozhou, Yizhou, Danzhou, Shunzhou, Jingzhou, and Jizhou, but only a year later, the Jin State moved south to recapture these places. In fact, it was not until Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty that the Sixteen Prefectures of Youyun finally ended the rule of ethnic minorities.

The Sixteen Prefectures of Youyun were ruled by non-Han Chinese for 455 years (913-1368 AD) and were recovered by Xu Da and Chang Yuchun during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, allowing the Han Chinese to regain control of this sphere of influence.

Map of the sixteen states of Youyun.

The Sixteen Prefectures of Youyun correspond to the northern regions of present-day Shanxi and Hebei, and the entire territory of Beijing and Tianjin, including: Yingzhou (present-day Yingxian County, Shanxi), Huanzhou (present-day East of Shuozhou City, Shanxi), Shuozhou (present-day Shuozhou City, Shanxi), Yunzhou (present-day Yunzhou District, Datong City), Zhuozhou (present-day Zhuozhou City, Hebei), Yingzhou (present-day Hejian City, Hebei), Mozhou (present-day Renqiu City, Hebei), Xinzhou (present-day Zhuolu County, Hebei), Yanzhou (present-day Huailai County, Hebei), Wuzhou (present-day Xuanhua District, Zhangjiakou City), Ulzhou (present-day Weixian County, Hebei), Youzhou (now the old city of Beijing), Shunzhou (now Shunyi District), Ruzhou (now Yanqing District), Danzhou (now Miyun District), Jizhou (now Tianjin).

Liao Taizong Yelu Deguang.

The Sixteen Prefectures of Youyun are also known as the Sixteen Prefectures of Yanyun and the Sixteen Prefectures of Youji, and "Yanyun" was first seen in the History of the Song Dynasty. In 936 AD, Shi Jingjiao (the son-in-law of Li Siyuan, Emperor Mingzong of the Later Tang Dynasty), opposed the Tang Dynasty and established himself as the founding emperor of the Later Jin Dynasty. Later Tang led an army to attack Shi Jingjiao, and he could only ask the Khitan for help.

On the basis of the condition of ceding the sixteen states of Youyun, the Khitan sent troops to aid Shi Jingjiao, and Liao Taizong and Shi Jingjiao were about father and son, and the shameful "child emperor" was born. In the third year of Tianfu (938), Shi Jingjiao ceded the sixteen states of Yanyun to the Khitan according to the previous agreement. This allowed the territory of the Liao State to break through the limits of the Great Wall, and several dynasties in the Central Plains were unable to completely recover the lost territory after that.

Emperor Shi Jingjiao.

The 16 states of Youyun were ceded to the Khitan Liao State, which had a far-reaching impact on the ancient Chinese regime in China, directly leading to the problem of the Song Dynasty's small territory, losing the line of defense against the northern ethnic minorities, and opening the door of the Song Dynasty. Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin, tryingSixteen states of force or heavy money to buy,Unsuccessful.

Zhao Kuangyin. In addition, due to the exclusion of ethnic minorities in the north, China's economic center moved south along with the Central Plains regime. The southeast coastal area has many mountains and forests that are not suitable for reclamation, and the sea has to be developed**, which is also part of the reason for the prosperity of the Song Dynasty.

The Sixteen Prefectures of Youyun refer to the sixteen states ceded to the Khitan by Shi Jingjiao of the Later Tang Dynasty.

The sixteen prefectures were Youzhou (present-day Beijing), Shunzhou (present-day Shunyi, Beijing), Ruzhou (present-day Yanqing, Beijing), Danzhou (present-day Miyun, Beijing), Jizhou (present-day Jixian, Hebei), Zhuozhou (present-day Zhuozhou, Hebei), Yingzhou (present-day Hejian, Hebei), Mozhou (present-day Renqiubei, Hebei), Xinzhou (present-day Zhuolu, Hebei), Yanzhou (present-day Huailai, Hebei), Wuzhou (present-day Yihua, Hebei), Ulzhou (present-day Weixian, Hebei), Yingzhou (present-day Yingxian, Shanxi), Huanzhou (present-day Shuozhou, Shanxi), Shuozhou (present-day Shuozhou, Shanxi), and Yunzhou (present-day Datong, Shanxi). )。 It is roughly a large area of land in present-day Beijing, Tianjin, northern Hebei and northern Shanxi.

The sixteen states of Youyun refer to.

Youzhou (now Beijing),

Shunzhou (now Shunyi, Beijing).

Ruzhou (now Yanqing, Beijing),

Danzhou (now Miyun, Beijing).

Jizhou (today's Jinji County),

Zhuozhou (now Zhuozhou, Hebei).

Yingzhou (now Hejian, Hebei).

Mozhou (now Renqiubei, Hebei).

Xinzhou (now Zhuolu, Hebei).

Yanzhou (now Huailai, Hebei),

Wuzhou (now Xuanhua, Hebei),

Ulzhou (now Wei County, Hebei),

Yingzhou (now Yingxian County, Shanxi).

Huanzhou (now east of Shuozhou, Shanxi).

Shuozhou (now Shuozhou, Shanxi).

Yunzhou (now Datong, Shanxi).

The seven prefectures of You, Ji, Ying, Mo, Zhuo, Tan and Shun are located in the southeast of the northern branch of the Taihang Mountains, and the remaining nine prefectures are in the northwest of the mountains, and the sixteen prefectures are roughly the large areas of land in present-day Beijing, Tianjin, northern Hebei and northern Shanxi.

The Sixteen Prefectures of Youyun are the areas of present-day Beijing, northern Tianjin (north of the Haihe River), northern Hebei and northern Shanxi.

The sixteen prefectures of Yanyun specifically refer to: Youzhou (now Beijing City), Shunzhou (now Shunyi District, Beijing), Ruzhou (now Yanqing District, Beijing), Danzhou (now Miyun District, Beijing), Jizhou (now Jizhou District, Tianjin), Zhuozhou (now Zhuozhou, Hebei), Yingzhou (now Hejian City, Hebei Province), and Juzhou (now Renqiu City, Hebei Province);

Xinzhou (present-day Zhuolu County, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province), Yanzhou (present-day Huailai County, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province), Wuzhou (present-day Xuanhua District, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province), Ulzhou (present-day Weixian County, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province), Yingzhou (present-day Yingxian County, Shanxi Province), Huanzhou (present-day East of Shuozhou City, Shanxi), Shuozhou (present-day Shuozhou City, Shanxi Province), and Yunzhou (present-day Yunzhou District, Datong City, Shanxi Province).

Why are the sixteen states of Yanyun called the sixteen states of Youyun?

Because, Youzhou is also known as Yanzhou.

At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Yanzhou was placed in Youzhou City (now southwest of Beijing). In the twenty-fifth year of Kaiyuan (737), he moved to Taogu Mountain in the north of Youzhou (near Taoyukou in the east of Changping District). In the first year of Tenpo (742), it was changed to Guide-gun.

In the first year of the Qianyuan Dynasty (758), it was renamed Yanzhou. In the second year of Jianzhong (781), it was abolished into Youdu County.

The Sixteen Prefectures of Yanyun, also known as the "Sixteen Prefectures of Youyun" and the "Sixteen Prefectures of Youji", are the whole territory of Beijing and Tianjin, as well as the northern regions of Shanxi and Hebei. The name "Yanyun" was first seen in the "History of the Song Dynasty and Geographical Chronicles", including Yan (You), Ji, Ying, Mo, Zhuo, Tan, Shun, Yun, Confucian, Confucian, Concubine, Wu, Xin, Wei, Ying, Huan, Shuo, a total of 16 states. You, Ji, Ying, Mo, Zhuo, Tan, Shun seven states are located in the southeast of the north branch of Taihang Mountain, and the rest of Yun, Confucian, Fu, Wu, Xin, Wei, Ying, Huan, Shuo Kyushu are in the northwest of the mountain, and the terrain is condescending, easy to defend and difficult to attack.

Yan Jianyun Sixteen Prefectures, also known as the Sixteen Prefectures of Youyun and the Sixteen Prefectures of Youjian Ji, is an ancient geographical term that refers to the sixteen states in the middle of the country, with Youyi Prefecture (now Bei Jianjing) and Yun Jian Prefecture (now Shanxi Xi Da Jiantong) as the center of the sixteen states, that is, the north of Bei Jianjing, the north of Tianjian Jin (north of the Hai Jian River), and the area of the Hebei Beibei and Shanxi of the Mountains.

The Sixteen Prefectures of Youyun are the current northern parts of Beijing and Tianjin, as well as the northern regions of Hebei and northern Shanxi. The sixteen states of Youyun are also called the sixteen states of Yanyun, and the sixteen states of Yanyun specifically refer to the urban area of Beijing, Shunyi District of Beijing, Yanqing District of Beijing, Miyun District of Beijing, Jizhou District of Tianjin, Zhuozhou of Hebei Province, Hejian City of Hebei Province, Renqiu City of Hebei Province, and Zhuolu County of Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province.

Youyun Sixteen Prefectures, also known as Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures, Youji Sixteen Prefectures, is located in the north of Hebei Province and Shanxi Province, including Beijing, part of Tianjin, adjacent to the northern grassland area, is the natural dividing line between the northern ethnic minorities and the Han nationality, can be used as a barrier to shield the Central Plains, and can also be used as the vanguard of the northern ethnic groups to attack the Central Plains, so it has been an important area for the Han regime and the northern nomadic regime to compete with each other since ancient times.

Youyun 16 states actually refer to today's Beijing cloud, probably today's Shanxi, and Youlian 16 weeks refers to the 16 weeks from Beijing to Datong.

Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures, also known as Youyun Sixteen Prefectures, Youji Sixteen Prefectures, ancient geographical noun, refers to the sixteen prefectures in northern China centered on Youzhou (present-day Beijing) and Yunzhou (present-day Datong, Shanxi), that is, present-day Beijing, northern Tianjin (north of the Haihe River), as well as northern Hebei and northern Shanxi. The name "Yanyun" was first seen in the "History of the Song Dynasty and Geographical Chronicles".

In the first year of Tianfu of the Later Jin Dynasty (936), the founding emperor of the Later Jin Dynasty, Shi Jingjiao (the envoy of the Eastern Jiedu of the Later Tang Dynasty), opposed the Tang Dynasty and sought help from the Khitan. The Khitan sent troops to support its establishment of the Later Jin Dynasty, and Liao Taizong and Shi Jingjiao were about father and son (Liao Taizong was the father, and Shi Jingjiao was the son). In the third year of Tianfu (938), Shi Jingjiao ceded the sixteen states of Yanyun to the Khitan according to the requirements of the Khitan, so that the territory of the Liao State expanded along the Great Wall, and several dynasties in the Central Plains were not able to completely recover it in the future.

The strategic significance of the Sixteen Prefectures of Yanyun made the Northern Song regime in the Central Plains feel threatened for more than 160 years.

In the twenty-seventh year of Yuan Zhizheng (1367), Zhu Yuanzhang ordered Xu Da to be the chief marshal and Chang Yuchun to be the deputy marshal, and the Northern Expedition to the Yuan Dynasty. It only took more than a year to capture the capital of the Yuan Dynasty, and thus the sixteen states of Yanyun were recovered by the Han regime, ending the rule of the northern nomadic regime for hundreds of years.

In fact, it refers to the 16 states centered on Youzhou and Yunzhou, that is, with Taiyuan and Beijing as the center.

Both are the same place, just with different names. In 938, a total of sixteen states in Beijing and other places were forced to cede to the Khitan. Before that, Youzhou had another name called glasses, so it was also called Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures.

There are two names, but there are different teachings in different eras, and in the Song Dynasty it was called the Sixteen Prefectures of Youyun.

The Sixteen Prefectures of Youyun refer to the current Beijing, the northern part of Tianjin, the northern part of Hebei, and the northern part of Shanxi.

The geographical location of the Yanyun region is very important, it is a place where soldiers of all dynasties must fight, and it is also a natural barrier for the Central Plains Dynasty to protect the agricultural area and resist the invasion of nomads.

For the Central Plains Dynasty, the Sixteen Prefectures of Yanyun were the gateway to its north. On the one hand, during the period of national prosperity, it was the stronghold and bridgehead of the Central Plains Dynasty to control the northern nomads. Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty built the Linshuo Palace as a palace in Zhuo County, and after the seventh year of the Great Cause (611 years), he used troops in Goguryeo three times, all of which were based in Zhuo County, gathering soldiers and horses, weapons, and grain reserves.

On the other hand, Yanyunwu and the Sixteen Prefectures were also the barriers and frontiers of the Central Plains Dynasty to resist the invasion of the northern nomads, and they were the "strategic buffer zone" of the military struggle.