What was the role of Jiaozi in the Northern Song Dynasty, and what was the historical status of Jiao

Jiaozi is a currency issued by the Northern Song Dynasty in the first year of Renzong Tiansheng (1023 AD). It is believed to be the world's first paper money. The original Jiaozi was actually a certificate of deposit.

In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, there were "Jiaozi shopkeepers" in Chengdu, Sichuan Province who operated cash custody business for merchants who were inconvenient to carry huge sums of money. The depositor delivers the cash to the shopkeeper, who fills in the deposit amount on a paper roll made of pinched paper, and then returns it to the depositor, and charges a certain custody fee. This kind of paper coupon that temporarily fills in the deposit amount is called Jiaozi.

With the development of the market economy, the use of Jiaozi is becoming more and more extensive, and many businessmen have jointly set up Jiaozi shops that specialize in issuing and exchanging Jiaozi, and set up branches in various places. Because the shopkeepers abide by their promises and take them at any time, Jiaozi has gradually won a high reputation. In order to avoid the trouble of minting and transporting large amounts of money between merchants, more and more merchants directly use Jiaozi to pay for the goods.

Later, Jiaozi shop owners found that only using part of their deposits would not endanger Jiaozi's reputation, so they began to print Jiaozi with a unified denomination and format to issue to the market as a new means of circulation. It is this step-by-step development that makes "Jiaozi" gradually have the characteristics of credit currency and truly become a paper currency.

The earliest paper shell in commodity trading is the predecessor of the silver ticket.

1 Jiaozi originated from the Flying Money Theory, and there are the following families. Zhu Qi said: Chinese historians, the system of handing over money began with the flying money of the Tang Dynasty.

Liu Houzi thinks that flying money is a kind of bill of exchange, a flying child. Subsequently, the purchasers of the flying children stopped paying the money, and turned to give and receive, which gradually became a customary common currency. The beginning of the next 3 chapters of "History of the Song Dynasty and Food and Goods" says:

The method of Jiaozi is covered with money taken from Tang Zhifei"。

2 It is also said that Jiaozi developed from deeds. Peng Xinwei said: Probably in the time of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, there was already a means of circulation in the nature of paper money.

For example, during the Ma Yin period of Chu (907 930), the large and heavy iron coins of Qianfengquanbao were minted in Changsha, which made the market use deed notes to trade, isn't this the same as the nature of paper money? At that time, there were many places where iron money was used, and Sichuan was even more powerful than Hunan. Sichuan was the first place to use exchange vouchers.

3 Jiaozi originated from the cabinet shop said:"Hitono Kaizaburo believes that after the Tang Dynasty, the monetary economy has developed more and more, and the counters of those who operate the financial industry have benefited from the needs of the society. As its economic credit grows, so does the liquidity of its bills.

At the same time, merchants felt the inconvenience of cash transactions, so they deposited cash in the counter and exchanged it for bills, so the bills were circulated in the market at the same time as cash. The nature of the cabinet is also from the custodian of property to the issuer of bills. The cabinet workshop started in Chang'an, and then through the five dynasties and the Song Dynasty, it gradually spread to all over the country, especially in Yizhou.

The circulation of this bill and the development of financial institutions are the prerequisites for Jiaozi. The development of Jiaozi is the extension of the circulation of bills, and the cover of the main Jiaozi shop (also known as Jiaozi household) is also from the nature of the cabinet.

4 Li Shun rebelled, stopped minting money, and because of the lack of money, Jiaozi said: "Continuation of the Zhitong Jian Long Edition" volume 59 Zhenzong Jingde second year February Gengchen Tiaoyun:"First of all, Yi, Qiong, Jia, Mei and other states (there is no Meizhou, there is Yazhou) minted more than 500,000 yuan of money every year, since Li Shun made a rebellion, then the casting, the people have less money, and the private Jiaozi is the city, there are many cheats, and there are many ......prison lawsuits"According to this, Kato believes that after Li Shun made a rebellion, Shu minted money, and the people made friends privately.

For this reason,5 Jiaozi was developed by the weight of money. Peng Xinwei said: In the Song Dynasty, Sichuan was dominated by iron money, with the large one being twenty-five catties per thousand yuan, and the medium one (should be folded into two coins) thirteen catties, which was a big obstacle to business travel.

Moreover, the inconvenience of iron coins is not only in the size and weight of each coin, but also in the small purchasing power of each coin. For example, in the early Song Dynasty, the iron money in Sichuan also had Xiaoping, each weighing one penny, but its purchasing power was low, a pi luo cost 20,000 yuan, and there were 130 catties in weight, so the production of paper money in Sichuan was not accidental.

The emergence of "Jiaozi" has facilitated business transactions and made up for the shortage of cash, which is a major achievement in the history of China's currency. In addition, "Jiaozi", as the earliest banknote issued in China and even in the world, also occupies an important position in the history of printing and printmaking, and is of great significance to the study of ancient banknote printing technology in China.

Jiaozi is the earliest banknote in China and the earliest banknote used in the world. One of the names of Song and gold banknotes. In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, Sichuan used copper coins, the weight value was small, 1,000 big coins weighed 25 catties, and it took 90 catties to hundreds of catties of copper coins to buy 1 piece of silk.

Circulation was very inconvenient, so merchants issued a kind of paper money, named Jiaozi, to replace copper coins for circulation. 30 copper coins must be deducted for each coin. In order to print, issue and operate the exchange business of copper coins and jiaozi, 16 wealthy merchants in Chengdu opened jiaozi shops.

Create a pioneer in private finance. Every year when the silkworms, rice, and wheat are about to ripen, they use the same color paper to print jiaozi.

Hello! The emergence of Jiaozi in the Northern Song Dynasty was the first generation of paper money in China, and the use of paper money for transactions basically replaced the exchange of goods with gold, silver and other currencies, reducing the cumbersome procedures for the exchange of currency and goods, and also improving the transaction process. Therefore, the emergence of glue has an important historical position.

The Jiaozi of the Northern Song Dynasty was the earliest paper money in Chinese history. It was produced in Yizhou (Chengdu) during the Northern Song Dynasty. It is the product of the development of commodity economy in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Jiaozi of the Northern Song Dynasty is the earliest paper money in ancient China, and it is one of the manifestations of the commercial prosperity of the Northern Song Dynasty, which promotes economic development and commercial prosperity.

It is the first large-scale use of paper money in the history of our country, which has far-reaching significance for economic development and social impact.

Jiaozi of the Northern Song Dynasty is the world's earliest paper money, bringing economic progress and convenience!

Jiaozi was a changed currency in the Southern Song Dynasty.

The Southern Song Dynasty is a dynasty in Chinese history, starting in 1127 and ending in 1279, a total of 152 years. During the Southern Song Dynasty, great development was made in politics, economy, and culture. Jiaozi is a kind of currency in the Southern Song Dynasty, and there were two kinds of currency in circulation at that time, one was called "spring banknote" in the monetary system, and the other was Jiaozi.

Judging from the circulation time of Jiaozi, it can be believed that Jiaozi was the currency of the Southern Song Dynasty. Jiaozi refers to a currency issued by the Jiaozi Bureau in the Southern Song Dynasty. It is used to pay taxes and can also be used as a currency in circulation.

Jiaozi is issued by **, and its authority and stability are relatively high. Jiaozi is not used for a long time, and it is generally exchanged for silver money in about three months. Its circulation is also relatively small.

The face value of Jiaozi is large and small, usually based on the record of cultural relics, and some cultural relics are recorded on the two ten (20 Wen), Wu Shi (50 Wen), one two Wu (125 Wen) and so on.

In addition to Jiaozi, there were many other currencies in circulation during the Southern Song Dynasty. Specifically, the main currencies in circulation during the Southern Song Dynasty were: spring banknotes, treasure banknotes, official banknotes, and Yuna banknotes.

The paper money of the Southern Song Dynasty was relatively developed, but due to the limitations of the financial management system and technical means at that time, the paper money was not widely circulated, but the silver money and Jiaozi were the main currencies.

Overall, the Jiaozi of the Southern Song Dynasty was a circulating currency with certain historical value and cultural significance. It was an important form of currency in the Southern Song Dynasty, indicating that the economic and cultural level of the Southern Song Dynasty had reached a certain height. <>

In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, there were "Jiaozi shopkeepers" in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, who operated cash storage business for merchants who carried huge sums of money. The depositor delivers the cash to the shopkeeper, and the shopkeeper temporarily fills in the amount of cash deposited by the depositor on the roll made of paper, and then returns it to the depositor, and when the depositor withdraws the cash, he pays 3% of the interest paid to the shopkeeper for every 30 yuan of interest. This kind of paper coupon that temporarily fills in the deposit amount is called Jiaozi.

At this time, the "Jiaozi" is only a deposit and withdrawal voucher, not a currency. With the development of the commodity economy, the use of "Jiaozi" is becoming more and more extensive, and many businessmen jointly set up Jiaozi shops specializing in the issuance and exchange of "Jiaozi", and set up Jiaozi branches in various places. Because Jiaozi shop owners accept credit, take it at any time, the printed "Jiaozi" pattern is exquisite, hidden as a mark, black and red error, handwritten words, others are difficult to forge, so "Jiaozi" has won a high reputation.

In order to avoid the trouble of transporting coins for large transactions between merchants, there are also increasing cases of direct payment for goods made with "jiaozi", which can be turned into cash at any time. It is in the process of repeated circulation that "Jiaozi" gradually acquires the character of credit currency. Later, Jiaozi shop owners found that only part of their deposits would not be jeopardized by using part of their deposits.

So they began to print "jiaozi" with a unified denomination and format, and distributed it to the market as a new means of circulation. This kind of "jiaozi" is already a symbol of coinage, and it has really become a paper money. However, at this time, the "Jiaozi" has not yet been recognized, and it is still a "private relationship" issued by the private sector.

However, not all Jiaozi shops are law-abiding and trustworthy. There are some profit-seeking, insatiable shopkeepers, malicious fraud, closed their doors and stopped business after indiscriminately handing out friends; or misappropriate deposits, business failures and bankruptcy, so that the "Jiaozi" issued cannot be cashed. In this way, when depositors withdraw their money but are unable to do so, it often provokes incidents and lawsuits.

Therefore, during the Jingde period (1004-1007), Zhang Yong, the governor of Yizhou, rectified the Jiaozi shopkeepers, eliminated the lawbreakers, and operated them exclusively by sixteen wealthy merchants. So far, the issuance of "Jiaozi" has been recognized. In the first year of Song Renzong's Tiansheng (1023), ** set up Yizhou Jiaozi Affairs, and one or two officials of the Beijing Dynasty served as supervisors to preside over the issuance of Jiaozi, and "placed a paper copying institute to reform the disadvantages of forgery", and strictly enforced its printing process.

This is the earliest paper money officially issued by ** in China - "Guanjiaozi".

With the development of the market economy and large transactions between merchants, in order to avoid the trouble of minting and transporting, there needs to be a currency to facilitate circulation.