Translation of the classical Chinese The Book of Strict Guards and the answers to the reading

Vernacular translation. My elder brothers' sons, Ma Yan and Ma Dun, were fond of sarcasm and fellowship with chivalrous men. On my way to Cochin, I wrote to warn them:

I hope you have heard of the faults of others, as you have heard the names of your parents: your ears can hear you, but your lips cannot talk about them. I like to talk about the strengths and weaknesses of others, and comment indiscriminately on the laws of the imperial court, which I deeply hate.

I'd rather die than want my children and grandchildren to behave like this. You know that I am very disgusted by this kind of behavior, and that is why I have repeatedly stressed it. Just like what her parents repeatedly warned her before her daughter got married, I hope you don't forget it.

Long Bogao is a man of honesty and honesty, and there is nothing to blame for what he says. Humility and frugality, but also majestic. I love him, I respect him, and I want you to learn from him.

Du Jiliang is a heroic person, with a great sense of justice, who regards other people's sorrows as his own sorrows, and takes the happiness of others as his own happiness, and makes friends with good and bad people. When his father died, a lot of people came. I love him and respect him, but I don't want you to learn from him.

Because) learning Lombagoon is not successful, but also can become a cautious and humble person. As the so-called carving of the bird, it can be like a crane. Once you don't succeed in learning Du Jiliang, you will become a gentleman.

As the saying goes, "painting a tiger is not like a dog". Until now, Du Jiliang didn't know that the generals in the county gritted their teeth and hated him when they took office, and the people in the prefecture and county had great opinions about him. I often feel sorry for him, which is why I don't want my children and grandchildren to learn from him. ”

Ring Brother Yan Dunshu (selected from "Hou Han Shu Ma Yuan Biography") Original text Aid brother Yan, Dun and like to ridicule, and through light chivalry. Before the aid was handed over, and the book was returned

I want you to hear the mistakes of others, such as hearing the names of your parents, your ears can hear it, but your mouth can't say it. It is good to talk about people's strengths and weaknesses, and it is vain to be right and wrong, which is also a great evil, and I would rather die than hear that my descendants have this trip. Thou Cao knows that I am very evil, so the one who plies the words will give the knots and declare the precepts of his parents, so that Thou Cao will not forget the ear.

Lombard is cautious, unscrupulous, modest and thrifty, honest and authoritative. The importance of my love, may you follow it. Du Jiliang is heroic and righteous, worried about people's worries, happy people's happiness, turbidity and nothing to lose, his father's funeral is a guest, and several counties are completed.

I love the most important, and I don't want you to follow suit. The service is not high, but it is still a prudent person, and the so-called 'carved hooves do not become still like birds'; The season is not good, and it is trapped in the world, and the so-called "painting a tiger is not an anti-dog". It is not yet known that the county will get off the car and gnaw his teeth, and the state and county will say that I am often cold, and I do not want my children and grandchildren to follow suit.

Note Light: frivolous.

Jiaoluan: the name of Han County, a "Jiaozhi", under the jurisdiction of present-day northern Vietnam; In 42 AD, Emperor Guangwu sent Ma Yuan to Jiaozhi to suppress the Zhengfang and Zhenger uprisings. Returning the book: replying to the letter.

Shi Jin knot 缡 (lí), the ring of parents: In ancient times, when a woman got married, her parents personally tied a belt and a scarf for her, and admonished her. 衿, tape. 缡, that is, 褊, is tied by a woman when she marries. Wear a scarf.

Speechless: It means that the speech is impeccable.

Du Jiliang: Mingbao, Jingzhao people, Guangwu was the Yueqi Sima, and later dismissed because of "superficial behavior and confusion among the crowd". Turbidity: It means good and evil. Nothing to lose: all to befriend. Greeting: Inviting guests.

Caution: cautious and serious. 鹜 (wù): Duck.

Fall: fall, fall.

To date. Done, the same as "so far". Get off: Arrive. Turn: Always, just. Gnashing teeth: A look of hatred.

Appreciation This article is excerpted from "The Book of the Later Han Dynasty: The Biography of Ma Yuan". In the eighteenth year of Jianwu (43 AD), Emperor Guangwu sent horses to march to Jiaozhi to suppress the uprising of Zhengfang and Zhenger. This is a letter written by Ma Yuan to his two nephews, Ma Yan and Ma Dun, at that time.

In the letter, he gave advice to his nephew about his shortcomings of liking to talk and ridicule others and make friends with frivolous and dissolute knights, and compared the examples of Long Bogao and Du Jiliang, and warned his nephew to learn to be loyal and prudent, and not to learn those flashy things to fall into frivolity. The text lists real people, uses vivid colloquialisms at the time, and expresses vivid images in semantic terms.

In the letter, the author repeatedly paid tribute, admonished him earnestly, and spoke in a generous and generous manner. The article not only lists real people, but also uses the common saying of the time, such as "painting a tiger does not become an anti-dog", and other vivid images, which are often quoted by later generations. Some commentators think that Ma Yuan's book can be a commandment for the world for eternity.