How to understand money as a product of the long term development of commodity exchange

Marx's theory of the origin of money reveals that money is the inevitable product of the development of the form of value and exchange. From a historical point of view, the process of exchange development can be condensed into the evolution process of value forms.

Because the value of commodities is expressed through exchange, therefore, with the development of exchange, different forms of value are also produced. In the primitive commune phase, there was an accidental exchange between the communes. At that time, the level of productivity was low, and there was not much surplus product that could be exchanged, and with the emergence of some accidental exchange behaviors, value was also expressed by chance, resulting in simple or accidental forms of value.

With the emergence of social division of labor and private ownership, more and more goods are used for exchange, and one item is no longer exchanged with another item by chance, but often with many kinds of goods; At this time, the value of one good is no longer expressed by another by chance, but is often expressed in many items exchanged with it, and the form of value develops into an expanded form of value.

In the stage of expanding the form of value, exchange has become a recurring behavior. As the variety of goods exchanged increased, it became difficult to directly barter goods. This forces people to adopt a roundabout way to achieve their goals.

Among the many items that are exchanged, people gradually find that there is a certain item that is more involved in the exchange. And be able to be needed by most people. So people first exchange their goods for this kind of thing, and then use it to exchange it for the thing they want, so that this kind of thing becomes the medium of exchange.

In this way, direct barter develops into indirect exchange using an object as a medium. In line with this, the expression of value has also undergone an essential change: it is no longer that the value of one item is often expressed in many other items, but the value of many items is often expressed by one item, and the medium through which the value of all items is expressed is the general equivalent, and the form of value of this commodity is the general form of value.

With the development of commodity exchange, in the general form of value, it is inevitable that one commodity will be separated from several commodities that alternately play the role of general equivalent, and often play the role of general equivalent. This commodity, which acts as a general equivalent more fixedly, is money. This form of value becomes the form of money when the value of all commodities is represented by money.

It can be seen from the evolution process of the value form:

Clause. 1. Money is a historical economic category. It does not arise from human society, but at a certain stage of human society, along with the emergence and development of commodities and commodity exchange, so the root of money is in the commodity itself.

Clause. 2. Money is the product of the spontaneous development of the commodity economy, not the result of people's invention or negotiation, and it is spontaneously separated from the general equivalent in the long-term development of commodity exchange in order to meet the objective needs of exchange.

Clause. 3. Money is the inevitable product of the development of exchange, the development of the contradiction between social labor and private labor, and the inevitable product of the development of the form of value and the production and exchange of commodities.

Money is the product of the development of commodity exchange, and it is a fixed commodity that acts as a general equivalent in the process of commodity exchange.

Contradiction is value andUse valueThe creation of money will deepen this contradiction because the emergence of money makes people occupy the value of commodities and use value at the same time, that is, the problem of realizing the value of commodities.

Because of the value of the commodity.

There are two factors, divided into use value and value, the commodity is the contradictory unity of value and use value, the owner of the commodity can only occupy one of the use value and value of the commodity, and cannot occupy the value and use value of the commodity at the same time, such as an egg, used to eat, to exert its use value, it cannot be used for exchange, so as to obtain value, and vice versa.

But the advent of money made it possible to resolve this contradiction for a short time, i.e., the exchange of commodities for general equivalents.

Money, people can occupy both the value of commodities and the use value of commodities, through the exchange of money, because money can be exchanged with any commodity they want, is a general equivalent, and ordinary commodity barter cannot be exchanged between any two commodities.

Why does money deepen this contradiction? Rather than allowing this contradiction to be resolved. Because the emergence of money makes people occupy the value of commodities and use value at the same time, there is a major premise, that is, the realization of the value of commodities.

The first premise is that after obtaining money, you can buy back the use value of the commodity you need through exchange.

Then the contradiction is deepened, the earliest goods talk about the non-existence of the currency bridge chain when the commodity exchange is based on the demand for the use value of the commodity, I need to eat potatoes, only to exchange my eggs for potatoes, the purpose is the need for the use value of potatoes.

The advent of money has made the purpose of producing commodities a mere accumulation of money. Therefore, the contradiction between the two factors of commodities has become the contradiction between private production and social production, and how to transform the blind expansion of private production into the contradiction between production that needs society. The reason for this transformation of the basic contradiction is essentially because of the emergence of money, a form of value that is a general equivalent.

The essence of money does not solve the contradiction between the two factors of commodities, but rather exacerbates this contradiction and becomes a market economy.

The basic contradiction between private production and the socialization of production.

contradictions.

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Problem description: Why money is a product of the long-term development of commodity exchange (high school politics) Analysis: History of money development:

simple barter;

expanded barter;

general forms of value;

Monetary value in the form.

Due to the derivation from simple accidental barter to the total expanded barter, commodity transactions are becoming more and more frequent, and commodity buyers do not necessarily have the Wuyou goods that commodity ** needs. There needs to be a general equivalent to enhance liquidity and facilitate trading.

The form of general equivalents in the general form of value is uncertain, there are shells, metals, etc., and the form of general equivalents is determined to be the form of monetary value.

Therefore, it is the product of the long-term development of commodity exchange.

Answer]: True. Money does not always exist, it does not exist under the conditions of the natural economy where there is no commodity exchange at all.

When commodity exchange first appeared, it took the form of direct exchange of goods, and there was no money. Later, with the development of social productive forces and the increase of the number of exchanges, the scope of exchange expanded, and the limitations of barter were gradually exposed. In order to overcome the defects of barter, a commodity as a general equivalent was separated from the commodity world, which served as a medium of exchange.

In human history, there are many things that have served as general equivalents, and then gradually evolved into gold and silver and other *** fixed as general equivalents, thus forming money. So, money is gradually created in the process of commodity exchange.

1. The exchange of commodities and money in the market reflects the economic interests of both parties.

2. Money and Commodities:

1. Meaning of money: Money is a commodity that is separated from a commodity and fixed as a general equivalent.

2. Meaning of commodity: Commodity is the product of labor used for exchange.

3. The connection between money and commodities: The production of money is the result of the development of commodity economy. Both commodities and money have use value and value, and both embody the relationship between people exchanging labor with each other, and both are historical categories.

3. The difference between money and commodities:

1. Different functions: The functions of money are the scale of value, the means of circulation, the means of storage, the means of payment, and the world currency. And commodities can only satisfy a certain need of people.

3. The essence is different: the essence of money is a general equivalent, and the key is a song, and commodities cannot be used as a general equivalent.

The Xia Dynasty used a large number of slaves to engage in social production, and the productive forces had a new development, the scale of agriculture, animal husbandry, and handicraft production was further expanded, the production efficiency was also improved, and more and more material products could be exchanged.

The animal husbandry of the Xia Dynasty also had a new development, and meat and fur could be eaten and clothed. Handicrafts were also further developed in the Xia Dynasty, and in addition to pottery and bronze, handicraft techniques such as wood, stone, bone, jade, and weaving also advanced. The form of division of production in different tribes was further consolidated and developed.

The increase in social products in the Xia Dynasty provided a material premise for commodity exchange and activities.

In the Xia dynasty, the favorable condition for the further development of commodity exchange was the creation of money. As a result of the exchange of commodities between private individuals, a certain commodity is separated from the commodity group and becomes a special commodity that is used exclusively as an equivalent, which is money.

In the barter process, livestock was the first currency to be used as an equivalent. With the expansion of the circulation of goods, the shellfish rose and became a popular currency that was easy to carry and popular. Currency is a pre-closing loss and a sell-out that is generated by commerce.

With money, it is possible for businessmen to intervene between producers and consumers, or between producers as a third party in commercial activities of buying and selling.

A merchant specializes in buying and selling, and must first have a certain amount of money as capital. In the Xia Dynasty, private ownership was further established and developed. Wealth is privately owned, and there is a distinction between rich and poor. Private ownership of a certain amount of currency facilitates the expansion of the scale of commercial exchange and the development of distant lands.

During the formation and development of slavery, slave owners and aristocrats built cities in the places where they lived in order to protect the safety of their private property. The emergence of these primitive cities was conducive to the expansion of commodity exchange.

Some slave owners, who controlled tribal affairs, began to engage in commercial exchange using large numbers of slaves who specialized in trafficking and exchange. Slaves often drove chariots and barters to distant tribes**. In the Xia Dynasty, there were no merchants who privately operated the specialized industry of commodity exchange, and the exchange activities of commercial and air industries were all operated by producers.

The earliest currency in Chinese history was the shellfish, which was also the earliest currency in the silver world.

Shellfish was the earliest currency in China, and the Shang Dynasty used shellfish as currency. In Chinese characters, most of the characters related to the value of the banquet are related to "bei".

With the development of commodity exchange, the demand for manuscript currency is increasing, and the seashells can no longer meet people's needs, and the people of the Shang Dynasty began to imitate seashells with copper.

The emergence of copper coins is a major evolution from natural money to artificial money in the history of ancient Chinese currency. With the extensive use of artificial coinage, the natural currency of seashells has slowly withdrawn from China's monetary stage.

In primitive societies, pottery, pearls, seashells, cloth, and pig bones were used as currency to circulate in the market.

Livestock, shells, precious stones, sand gold, gold, silver, these are some of the things that are used as currency.

Answer]: A currency is the product of the development of commodity exchange, and it is a commodity that is detached from the commodity world in the process of commodity exchange. The answer is hunger a.

The emergence of money is conducive to solving the difficulties of commodity exchange and promoting the development of commodity economy.

a.That's right. b.Wrong bridges and omissions.

Correct Min Bad Answer: a