What are the characteristics of intangible assets What are the types of intangible assets in general

Intangible

assets) refers to identifiable non-monetary assets owned or controlled by an enterprise that do not have a physical form. Intangible assets are divided into broad and narrow senses, and intangible assets in a broad sense include monetary funds, accounts receivable, financial assets, long-term equity investments, patent rights, trademark rights, etc., because they do not have a material entity, but are manifested as some legal rights or technologies. However, intangible assets are usually understood in a narrow sense in accounting, i.e., patent rights, trademark rights, etc. are referred to as intangible assets.

Intangible assets include social intangible assets and natural intangible assets.

Among them, intangible assets usually include patent rights, non-patented technologies, trademark rights, copyrights, concession rights, land use rights, etc.; Natural intangible assets include natural resources such as natural gas that do not have a physical physical form.

Definition: Resources controlled by a specific entity, which do not have a physical form, play a long-term role in production and operation, and can bring economic benefits.

Functional characteristics of intangible assets.

1.Commons.

It is an important feature of intangible assets that distinguishes them from tangible assets. The commonality of an intangible asset means that it can be used by multiple entities at the same time.

Note: Commonality is subject to market constraints and competitiveness.

The greater the commonality, the lower the value of the intangible asset.

2.Cumulative:

1) The formation of intangible assets is based on the development of other intangible assets.

2) The development of intangible assets also has a process of continuous accumulation and evolution.

3.Substitution.

An intangible asset may be replaced by a newer intangible asset.

Alternative guidance is important in determining the useful life of intangible assets, and the rate of substitution depends on the rate of technological progress in the field and on the competition that intangible assets bring.

Classification of intangible assets.

1.According to the acquisition method of intangible assets, it is divided into:

Self-created intangible assets and purchased intangible assets.

2.It is divided into intangible assets according to whether they can exist independently.

Identifiable intangible assets and non-identifiable intangible assets (goodwill).

3.In the International Valuation Standards Valuation Guide4 issued by the International Valuation Standards Board, intangible assets are divided into:

Entitlement-based intangible assets (e.g. leasehold rights);

Relational intangible assets (e.g., customer relationships, customer lists, etc.);

portfolio intangible assets (e.g. goodwill);

Intellectual property rights (including patents, trademarks, copyrights, etc.).

Intangible assets refer to identifiable non-monetary assets owned or controlled by an enterprise that do not have a physical form. It is characterized by the ability to be separated or divided from the enterprise and used for **, transfer, licensing, leasing or exchanging, either alone or together with related contracts, assets or liabilities. Intangible assets mainly include patent rights, non-patented technologies, trademark rights, copyrights, land use rights, concession rights, etc.

Intangible assets, in the process of use and formation, have different characteristics from tangible assets:

On the one hand, intangible assets do not have a material form that people can feel with their senses, and they can only feel it conceptually. It is either presented as an image in people's minds, or in the form of a concession in the form of a category of social relations; On the other hand, it has no tangible wear and tear during use and no residual value at end-of-life.

Monopoly. The monopoly nature of intangible assets is manifested in the following aspects: some intangible assets are protected by the legal system, which prohibits non-holders from acquiring them without compensation; Illegal competition that excludes others. Such as Douwei patent rights, trademark rights, etc.

Although the exclusive right of some intangible assets is not protected by law, as long as the secret can be ensured not to be disclosed to the outside world, it can actually be exclusive, such as know-how, secret decision, etc.; There are also some intangible assets that cannot be separated from the enterprise as a whole, and cannot be obtained by others unless the property rights of the entire enterprise are transferred, such as business reputation.

Uncertain. On the one hand, the validity period of intangible assets is affected by technological progress and market changes, which is difficult to accurately determine. On the other hand, due to the unstable expiration date.

Shareability. It means that after the transfer of intangible assets for compensation, they can be jointly owned by several entities at the same time, and the fixed assets and current assets cannot be used in two or more enterprises at the same time, for example, the transferee of trademark rights can use them, and the transferor enterprise can also use them at the same time.

Efficiency. Intangible assets can give a business economic benefits that far outweigh its costs. The richer the intangible assets of an enterprise, the stronger its profitability, and conversely, if the intangible assets of the enterprise are short, the profitability of the enterprise will be weak, and the market competitiveness will be worse.

Answer: A, B, C, D

This question examines the characteristics of intangible assets. The characteristics of intangible assets are: (1) they do not have a physical form; (2) Non-monetary long-term assets; (3) It is an asset socks for enterprise use rather than **; and (4) the uncertainty option of economic benefits.

Option E is valued as an intangible asset based on the price actually paid by the Orange Letter.

1. Intangible assets refer to identifiable non-commodity monetary assets owned or controlled by an enterprise that do not have a physical form.

2. Intangible assets have three main characteristics:

1) It does not have a physical form. Intangible assets are non-monetary assets that do not have a physical form, unlike tangible assets such as fixed assets and inventories.

2) Be recognizable. An asset meets the criteria for identifiability in the definition of intangible asset if it meets one of the following conditions:

a. Able to separate or divide the tassel skin from the enterprise, and can be used alone or together with related contracts, assets or liabilities, with merger, transfer, license, lease or exchange.

b. Derived from contractual or other statutory rights, whether or not they are transferable or severable from business or other rights or obligations. The existence of goodwill cannot be separated from the enterprise itself, is not recognizable, and is not in this specification.

3) It is a non-monetary long-term asset. Intangible assets are non-monetary assets that can bring economic benefits to a business over multiple accounting periods. Intangible assets have a useful life of more than one year and their value will be gradually amortized over each benefit period.

The content of intangible assets refers to identifiable non-monetary assets that are owned or controlled by an enterprise and do not have a physical form. It is characterized by a high degree of uncertainty about the future economic benefits offered.

Intangible assets include social intangible assets and natural intangible assets.

Among them, social intangible assets usually include patent rights, non-patented technologies, trademark rights, copyrights, concession rights, land use rights, etc.; Natural intangible assets include natural resources such as natural gas that do not have a physical physical form.

1) Patent right: refers to the exclusive rights granted by the national patent authority to the applicant for an invention-creation patent within the statutory time limit, including invention patent right, utility model patent right and design patent right.

2) Non-patented technology: also known as proprietary technology, refers to various technologies and know-how that are not known to the outside world, should be used in production and business activities, do not enjoy legal protection, and can bring economic benefits.

5) Franchise: also known as business franchise and franchise, refers to the right of an enterprise to operate or sell a specific commodity in a certain region or the right of an enterprise to accept another enterprise to use its trademark, trade name, technical secrets, etc.