What are the characteristics of Gaisce s law 1 3?

1. Gaisce's law is only applicable to isothermal isobaric or isothermal isochoric processes, and the temperature of each step of the reaction should be the same; 2. The thermal effect is related to the nature of the substances involved in the reaction, the aggregation state, the number of substances that complete the reaction, the way the reaction is carried out, temperature, pressure and other factors, which requires that the reaction formulas involved must be strict and complete thermochemical equations. 3. No non-volumetric work is done in each step of the reaction. 4. Each of the same substances involved should have the same aggregation state.

5. The heat of reaction (h) of a chemical reaction is only related to the initial or final state of the reaction system, but not to the reaction pathway.

Gaisce's law tells us that the heat of reaction of a chemical reaction is only related to the beginning and end state of the reaction, and not to the way in which the specific reaction is carried out. If a reaction can be carried out in several steps, the sum of the heat of reaction of each step reaction is the same as the heat of reaction when the reaction is completed in one step.

1) The heat of reaction is only related to the beginning and end states of the reaction.

The heat of reaction examines the total "energy difference" between the reactant and the product. It is a quantity determined by the state and has nothing to do with the specific pathway of the reaction. Just like climbing from the same starting point to the top of the mountain, no matter which path we choose, what we end up crossing is the potential energy difference between the starting point and the end point.

2) The heat of reaction is independent of the specific reaction pathway.

Regardless of how many steps the reaction takes place, its final heat of reaction is the same.

1. The first law of thermodynamics can be expressed as: all matter in nature has energy, energy has various forms, and can be transformed from one form to another, and the total amount of energy remains unchanged in the process of transformation.

2. The literal expression of the first law of thermodynamics: if you want to make a perpetual motion machine, it neither relies on the outside world to supply energy, nor does its own energy decrease, but constantly does external work, which is impossible.

3. The first law of thermodynamics can also be expressed as: the first type of perpetual motion machine is impossible to cause.

X+W y Na2CO3 cannot be formed with a substance and NaHCO3 X+W y Br2 can oxidize Febr2 to Febr3 then W is Br2

y+w z febr3 does not react with br2.

The addition of hydrochloric acid dropwise to the Na2CO3 solution can produce NaHCO3, which is wrong. When there is an excess of hydrochloric acid, all of them become CO2

If you replace br2 with cl2, you can't change it to cl2, and there are two first reaction products.